Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases in the world with a high incidence rate. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a key and difficult challenge in the prevention and treatment of TB. Early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of DR-TB is essential for selecting appropriate and personalized treatment and is an important means of reducing disease transmission and mortality.

The consensus guideline of perioperative antiviral therapy for AIDS patients in China based on clinical practice.

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has emerged as a major public health concern in China. When patients with HIV infection undergo surgical treatment, there are two main challenges. Firstly, medical staff face a high risk of HIV infection due to occupational exposure.

Analysis of coexisting pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs from COVID-19.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on the world is still ongoing, and it is currently under regular management. Although most infected people have flu-like symptoms and can cure themselves, coexisting pathogens in COVID-19 patients should not be taken lightly. The present study sought to investigate the coexisting pathogens in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and identify the variety and abundance of dangerous microbes to guide treatment strategies with a better understanding of the untested factors.

Nutritional risk and a high NRS2002 score are closely related to disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Organism can lead to excessive nutrient consumption in the infected state and increase nutritional risk, which is detrimental to the control of the infection and can further aggravate the disease.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of nutritional risk and the NRS2002 score on disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including 1,228 COVID-19 patients, who were divided into a with-nutritional risk group (patients with NRS2002 score ≥ 3) and a without-nutritional risk group (patients with NRS2002 score < 3) according to the NRS2002 score at admission.

Glucose metabolism continuous deteriorating in male patients with human immunodeficiency virus accepted antiretroviral therapy for 156 weeks.

Background: The dynamic characteristics of glucose metabolism and its risk factors in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who accepted primary treatment with the efavirenz (EFV) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus tenofovir (TDF) (EFV + 3TC + TDF) regimen are unclear and warrant investigation.

Aim: To study the long-term dynamic characteristics of glucose metabolism and its contributing factors in male PLWH who accepted primary treatment with the EFV + 3TC + TDF regimen for 156 wk.

Methods: This study was designed using a follow-up design.

Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 for 85 Days in COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lung Metastasis: A Case Report.

Background: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seriously endangers people's lives. The variation in SARS-CoV-2 makes the research and development of vaccines and specific drugs particularly important. However, the prevention and diagnosis of COVID-19 cannot be underestimated in the control of the epidemic.

[Protective effect of vitamin D in mice with acute liver failure].

To explore the protective effect of vitamin D in acute liver failure through a mouse model. Acute liver failure was induced by combining D-galactosamine (D-GalN) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to observe the effect of long-term vitamin D deficiency on liver injury and inflammatory signals in a mouse model. Acute liver failure was induced by thioacetamide (TAA) to observe the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the survival rate, and further high-dose of vitamin D supplementation protective effect was determined in a mouse model.

Low Rate of Acquired Linezolid Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treated With Bedaquiline-Linezolid Combination.

In this retrospective study in China, we aimed to: (1) determine the prevalence of linezolid (LZD) resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)-infected patients; (2) monitor for dynamic LZD susceptibility changes during anti-TB treatment; and (3) explore molecular mechanisms conferring LZD resistance. A total of 277 MDR-TB patients receiving bedaquiline (BDQ)-containing regimens in 13 TB specialized hospitals across China were enrolled in the study. LZD and BDQ susceptibility rates were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, then DNA sequences of patient isolates were analyzed using Sanger sequencing to detect mutations conferring LZD resistance.

Dynamic blood single-cell immune responses in patients with COVID-19.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is an ongoing global health emergency. However, the virus' pathogenesis remains unclear, and there is no cure for the disease. We investigated the dynamic changes of blood immune response in patients with COVID-19 at different stages by using 5' gene expression, T cell receptor (TCR), and B cell receptors (BCR) V(D)J transcriptome analysis at a single-cell resolution.

Liver Injury Impaired 25-Hydroxylation of Vitamin D Suppresses Intestinal Paneth Cell defensins, leading to Gut Dysbiosis and Liver Fibrogenesis.

Vitamin D deficiency is co-prevalent with various liver diseases including cirrhosis, while the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is abundantly expressed in the distal region of small intestine, where the Paneth cells are enriched, suggesting that vitamin D signaling may modulates the intestinal Paneth cells and their production of defensins to restrain microbiome growth in the small intestine. In this study we found that in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, hepatic 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D was impaired, leading to down regulated expression of Paneth cell fensins in the small intestine, gut dysbiosis, and endotoxinemia.

Development and evaluation of a Novel RT-PCR system for reliable and rapid SARS-CoV-2 screening of blood donations.

Background: The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused great global concerns. In contrast to SARS, some SARS-CoV-2-infected people can be asymptomatic or have only mild nonspecific symptoms. Furthermore, there is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may be infectious during an asymptomatic incubation period.

Chlorophyllin Modulates Gut Microbiota and Inhibits Intestinal Inflammation to Ameliorate Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice.

Liver fibrosis is an abnormal wound healing response and a common consequence of chronic liver diseases from infection or alcohol/xenobiotic exposure. At the cellular level, liver fibrosis is mediated by trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which is driven by persistent hepatic and systemic inflammation. However, impaired enterohepatic circulation and gut dysbiosis may indirectly contribute to the liver fibrogenesis.

Alternation of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

One-third of the world's population has been infected with (), a primary pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, while about 10% of latent infections progress to active tuberculosis (TB), indicating that host and environmental factors may determine the outcomes such as infection clearance/persistence and treatment prognosis. The gut microbiota is essential for development of host immunity, defense, nutrition and metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the pattern of gut microbiota may contribute to infection and prognosis.