Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage.

Background: Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems, with many children missing out on essential childhood vaccines.

Teaching clinical anatomy to medical students by flipped classroom.

Background We aimed to introduce the flipped classroom approach for teaching clinical anatomy and to assess its perception and feasibility among medical undergraduate students. Methods Our study included 151 MBBS students of the first professional. We took written informed consent after the study was approved by the Ethics Committee.

Hesperetin blocks poxvirus replication with a low tendency to select for drug-resistant viral variants.

In this study, we demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of hesperetin against multiple poxviruses, including buffalopox virus (BPXV), vaccinia virus (VACV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). The time-of-addition and virus step-specific assays indicated that hesperetin reduces the levels of viral DNA, mRNA, and proteins in the target cells. Further, by immunoprecipitation (IP) of the viral RNA from BPXV-infected Vero cells and a cell-free RNA-IP assay, we demonstrated that hesperetin-induced reduction in BPXV protein synthesis is also consistent with diminished interaction between eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E and the 5' cap of viral mRNA.

Newborns with congenital complete heart block: Advice for perinatal care providers.

Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is a rare, but a potentially life-threatening manifestation of autoimmune diseases in neonates. Bradycardia in CCHB can be misdiagnosed as foetal distress in utero and thus precipitating a Caesarean section. We report a case series of three neonates with bradycardia without any electrolyte abnormalities and structurally normal hearts with favourable outcomes.

Determinants of digital eye strain among university students in a district of India: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: Digital device usage, especially during the pandemic, has catapulted into a new age problem, the computer vision syndrome. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence and determinants of digital eye strain (DES).

Subject And Methods: A total of 345 university students in India were surveyed in June-July 2022, by a validated tool, the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q) © in this cross-sectional study.

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation manifesting with severe respiratory distress and pneumothorax in a neonate.

Unlabelled: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is congenital pulmonary anomaly characterized by multicystic areas, over-distension, and proliferation of terminal bronchioles with lack of normal alveoli. Clinical presentation may vary from mild respiratory symptoms to severe respiratory distress and frequent pneumothoraxes. We report a rare case of neonatal CPAM type I manifested with neonatal respiratory distress and pneumothorax, which was managed successfully with left lower lobectomy.

Change in Apo B100/A1 Ratio in Children With Epilepsy on Monotherapy With Sodium Valproate, Oxcarbazepine or Levetiracetam.

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted to assess the Apo B100/A1 ratio as a marker of cardiovascular risk in children with epilepsy aged 5-14 years on long-term anti-seizure medication monotherapy with either sodium valproate, oxcarbazepine, or levetiracetam. Apo B100/A1 ratio showed an increase after six months of monotherapy with oxcarbazepine (P=0.05).

Modified Atkins Diet vs. Ketogenic Diet in the Management of Children with Epileptic Spasms Refractory to First Line Treatment: An Open Labelled, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of modified Atkins diet (mAD) and ketogenic diet (KD) among children aged 9 mo to 3 y with epileptic spasms refractory to the first line treatment.

Methods: An open labelled, randomized controlled trial with parallel group assignment was conducted among children aged 9 mo to 3 y with epileptic spasms refractory to the first line treatment. They were randomized to either receive the mAD along with conventional anti-seizure medications (n = 20) or KD with conventional anti-seizure medications (n = 20).

Surgical Assistance for Favorable Outcome Achieved through Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Using Innovative Impression Technique: A Case Report.

Aim: The aim of this case report is to highlight the importance of presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) in cleft lip and palate (CLP) cases and its impact on primary surgical outcomes.

Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital malformations of the maxillofacial complex. Of all congenital malformations, it ranks third and has a multifactorial etiology.

Oligodendroglioma metastasizing to cervical lymph node: Rare entity diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Extra neural metastasis of central nervous system oligodendroglioma is very rare. Oligodendroglioma is the seventh most frequently occurring neoplasm of central nervous system (CNS) with metastasis outside the CNS. According to literature, presence of metastasis in CNS was most frequently detected in patients of glioblastoma (41.

CHSI costing study-Challenges and solutions for cost data collection in private hospitals in India.

Introduction: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) has enabled the Government of India to become a strategic purchaser of health care services from private providers. To generate base cost evidence for evidence-based policymaking the Costing of Health Services in India (CHSI) study was commissioned in 2018 for the price setting of health benefit packages. This paper reports the findings of a process evaluation of the cost data collection in the private hospitals.

Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The available evidence was systematically reviewed to evaluate the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or multiple risk factors (MRF), with or without heart failure (HF), and per estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rate at baseline.

Methods: We comprehensively searched three electronic databases to retrieve publications up to 30th November 2019, which were screened for inclusion. The data extracted for the outcomes according to baseline ASCVD, HF, and eGFR levels were meta-analyzed using fixed effects model.

Gabapentin as Add-on Therapy to Trihexyphenidyl in Children with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of gabapentin as add-on therapy to trihexyphenidyl in the treatment of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: An open-labelled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted among children aged 3-9 y with dyskinetic CP [Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) 4-5]. Participants were assigned into two groups: gabapentin with trihexyphenidyl (n = 30) and trihexyphenidyl alone (n = 30).

Post hysterectomy mesonephric carcinoma: A case report and literature review.

Mesonephric carcinoma is a rare type of carcinoma seen in the female genital tract. It arises from the mesonephric remnants situated in the broad ligament, lateral wall of the cervix, vagina, and uterine corpus. Very few cases of mesonephric carcinoma have been reported so far in the literature.

Adnexal Torsion: A Retrospective Analysis From a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Northern India.

Background Adnexal torsion is an acute gynecological emergency presenting with acute abdomen which can be missed owing to non-specific symptoms. Among reproductive-age women, conservative surgery is preferred. The present study was a retrospective analysis of adnexal torsion cases reported to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Northern India.

Assessment of pandemic (COVID-19) preparedness in a teaching hospital in northern India using available (CDC-Atlanta) checklist.

Background: Hospitals are at the forefront of dealing infectious public health emergencies. Recently, COVID-19 has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Dealing with COVID-19 pandemic requires high intensity of administrative activity.

Depression, Anxiety, and Parenting Stress among Mothers of Children with West Syndrome.

The present cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and parenting stress in mothers of children aged 6 mo to 5 y with West syndrome compared to mothers of healthy children. The enrolled mothers were subjected to interview-based administration of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). Maternal anxiety [HAM score: 9 (5, 14) vs.

Critically Ill COVID-19 Patient with Chronic Liver Disease - Insights into a Comprehensive Liver Intensive Care.

The novel coronavirus-related coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been relentless in disrupting and overwhelming healthcare the world over. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic comorbidities, especially in those with metabolic syndrome, are well documented. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis patients are a special sub-group, among whom the management of COVID-19 is challenging.

Sleep Characteristics Among Children with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: A Polysomnography-Based Study.

This study was designed to describe the sleep profile in a cohort of children 5-15 y with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) using polysomnography (PSG) and Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The controls included age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A total of 30 cases of IGE and matched 30 controls were enrolled in study.

Histomorphological and Morphometric Evaluation of Microvessel Density in Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Using CD34 and CD105.

 Expression of angiogenic markers determined by microvessel density (MVD) could be used as a reliable predictor of prognosis and as a potential target for antiangiogenic therapy in different categories of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).  The aim of this study was to evaluate MVD using immunohistochemical methods and computer-assisted quantitative image analysis in nodal NHL patients and compare CD34 and CD105 expression in lymph nodes of NHL patients.  The present study was conducted on 60 lymph node biopsies received in the Department of Pathology at our tertiary care center for histopathological examination.

Moral philosophy, pragmatism, and the larger cause: why "war" metaphors are needed during pandemics.

Coronavirus disease (Covid-19), which originated in China, is now a full-blown pandemic which has thrown governments and societies off-track in an unprecedented manner. War metaphors have been used widely to describe the scenario, but many critics decry them as harmful narratives. In this piece, we discuss the utility of the war metaphor to build solidarity and fraternity, which will be essential to get through the crisis.