Do comorbidities among patients with mental retardation differ across various age groups?

Distribution of comorbidities in patients with mental retardation or intellectual disabilities (MR/ID) across various age groups is not recognized adequately. Data from 426 patients diagnosed with MR/ID was collected out of 546 samples referred for intelligence assessment. 42.

Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and pancreatic cancer-Trials and troubles.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive carcinoma and the fourth cause of cancer deaths in Western countries. Although surgery is the most effective therapeutic option for PC, the management of unresectable, locally advanced disease is highly challenging. Our improved understanding of pancreatic tumor biology and associated pathways has led to the development of various treatment modalities that can control the metastatic spread of PC.

Crosstalk between Substrates and Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors in Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Constructs.

It is documented that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be differentiated into various types of cells to present a tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thus, the preservation of stem cells is a crucial factor for their effective long-term storage that further facilitates their continuous supply and transportation for application in regenerative medicine. Cryopreservation is the most important, practicable, and the only established mechanism for long-term preservation of cells, tissues, and organs, and engineered tissues; thus, it is the key step for the improvement of tissue engineering.

Neurofibromatosis and breast cancer: Do we need to revise the mammographic screening schedule in patients of neurofibromatosis?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and has a high propensity to develop benign and malignant nervous system tumors. Although uncommon, case reports describing the association of NF-1 and breast cancer are available in the literature. We illustrate one such case of NF-1, with no family history of the disorder and presenting with multifocal invasive carcinoma of the right breast, in an attempt to describe the association between these two entities.

Lysosomal storage disorders: Morphologic appraisal in Indian population.

Background: Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) comprise a group of at least 50 distinct genetic diseases, each one resulting from the deficiency of a particular lysosomal enzyme involved in metabolism. We attempt to study and further subclassify pediatric LSDs into Gaucher's and non-Gaucher's category based on the morphologic variables seen in the bone marrow aspiration smears and trephine biopsy sections.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric (<12 years age) cases of LSDs diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy specimens, in the last 12 years period, were retrieved.

Aqueous Extract Improves Stability and Function of Cryopreserved Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The effective long-term cryopreservation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an essential prerequisite step and represents a critical approach for their sustained supply in basic research, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering applications. Therefore, attempts have been made in the present investigation to formulate a freezing solution consisting of a combination of water-soluble extract with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (MeSO) for the efficient long-term storage of human umbilical cord blood- (hUCB-) derived MSCs. The cryopreservation experiment using the formulated freezing solution was further performed with hUCB MSCs in a controlled rate freezer.

Mesenchymal stem cell in venous leg ulcer: An intoxicating therapy.

Venous leg ulcers (VLU) are a prevalent and reoccurring type of complicated wound, turning as a considerable public healthcare issue, with critical social and economic concern. There are both medical and surgical therapies to treat venous leg ulcers; however, a cure does not yet exist. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are capable and proved of accelerating wound healing in vivo and their study with human chronic wounds is currently awaited.

Autophagy Activation Alleviates Amyloid-β-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Neurotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells.

Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process that ensures continuous removal of damaged cell organelles and long-lived protein aggregates to maintain cellular homeostasis. Although autophagy has been implicated in amyloid-β (Aβ) production and deposition, its role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the cytoprotective and neuroprotective potential of autophagy on Aβ-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Efficacy of Deferasirox as an Oral Iron Chelator in Paediatric Thalassaemia Patients.

Introduction: Thalassaemia Major patients require frequent blood transfusion leading to iron overload. Excessive iron gets deposited in vital organs and leads to dysfunction of the heart, liver, anterior pituitary, pancreas, and joints. Our body has limited mechanism to excrete iron, so patients with iron overload and its complications need safe and effective iron chelation therapy.

Clinico-Pathological Spectrum of Ophthalmic Lesions: An Experience in Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India.

Introduction: Ophthalmic lesions show varied distribution on the basis of geographical location. Eye being a unique sensory organ needs to be studied both clinically and pathologically.

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the histomorphological and clinico-pathlological spectrum of ophthalmic lesions at a tertiary care hospital of Central India.

Attitude of would-be medical graduates toward rural health services: An assessment from Government Medical Colleges in Chhattisgarh.

Background: Understanding the attitude toward rural health care among future medical graduates, the health workforce of the near future, is an important exercise.

Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the attitude of third year MBBS students in a Government Medical College of Chhattisgarh toward rural health services.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 using a semi-open-ended questionnaire.

Enhanced cryopreservation of MSCs in microfluidic bioreactor by regulated shear flow.

Cell-matrix systems can be stored for longer period of time by means of cryopreservation. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction has been found to be critical in a number of basic biological processes. Tissue structure maintenance, cell secretary activity, cellular migration, and cell-cell communication all exist because of the presence of cell interactions.

Maternal Near Miss: A Valuable Contribution in Maternal Care.

Background: MMR has always been recognized as an important indicator of quality of health services. The MMR in India has so far not reached up to the required MDG 2015. If we look into this matter with the eagle's eye view, then there are certain gray areas which need attention.

Recent Advances and Future Direction in Lyophilisation and Desiccation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising mammalian cell type as they can be used for the reconstruction of human tissues and organs. MSCs are shown to form bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle-like cells under specific cultivation conditions. Current technology of MSCs cryopreservation has significant disadvantages.

Renin gene rs1464816 polymorphism contributes to chronic kidney disease progression in ADPKD.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic disorder and is a common genetic cause of chronic renal failure in children and adults. The enzyme renin plays a key role in the RAAS cascade and an important role in the development of hypertension and progression of renal disease in ADPKD. The present study is aimed to investigate the potential modifier effect of REN gene polymorphisms on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in ADPKD.

Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms and progression of chronic kidney disease in ADPKD patients.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a multisystemic and progressive disorder characterized by cyst formation and kidney enlargement and ultimately renal failure. Reduction of CKD progression in the ADPKD by pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) using ACE inhibitors indicated the involvement of RAAS pathway in the progression of CKD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of angiotensinogen tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (AGT tag-SNPs) in progression of CKD.

Two promoter polymorphisms in TBX22 are associated with the risk of NSCLP in Indian women.

The aetiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is complex and involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. Classical research has shown that growth and patterning of the developing palatal shelves depend on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Expression of several signalling molecules and transcription factors in the anterior palate during early palate development has been documented.

Posterior coronal plating for tibial fractures: technique and advantages.

Objective: Tibial shaft fractures are straightforward to treat but when associated with soft tissue injury particularly at the nail entry/plate insertion site or there is significant comminution proximally or a large butterfly fragment/a second split component in the posterior coronal plane, it is a challenge to the treating surgeon. The aim of the present report is to describe the technique of posterior coronal plating in such a scenario and its advantages.

Methods: Between July 2008 and June 2011, 12 patients were prospectively treated by this approach using 4.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare type of cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology associated with significant mortality and morbidity and characterized by heart failure in late pregnancy or puerperium. Recently PPCM workshop committee has recommended inclusion of echocardiographic features of LV dysfunction to redefine PPCM. Subsequent pregnancies are associated with a very high mortality in these patients and hence should be avoided.

Colorectal cancer in young adults in a tertiary care hospital in Chhattisgarh, Raipur.

Context: Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a relatively uncommon malignancy in India when compared with the western world. Colorectal cancer is generally a disease affecting individuals 50 years of age and older and is much less common in persons under 40 years of age. It is also a very uncommon pediatric malignancy.

Osseous involvement in rhinosporidiosis.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually affects the mucocutaneous tissue of the nose. Bone involvement is rare.

Experimental and Monte Carlo study of the effect of the presence of dry air, cortical bone inhomogeneities and source position on dose distribution of the mHDR-v2 source.

Background: Recently it was data wise established that there is a considerable dose difference due to source position from the surface of the patient, and due to the presence of inhomogeneities.

Aim: It aims at to find out the dose difference due to source position, and inhomogenieties in water phantom of high dose rate (HDR)(192) Ir mHDR-v2 source by experiment and by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation GEANT4 code.

Materials And Methods: The measured study of the source was done using an in-air ionization chamber, water phantom while the calculated study was done by modeling the water phantom and its water, inhomogeneities, position of source, and points of calculation.

Rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct presenting as a parotid duct cyst - a report of three cases.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported from many countries but is endemic in certain parts of India and Sri Lanka. The common sites of involvement are the nose and nasopharynx followed by ocular tissue.

A young female patient of neuromyelitis optica presenting with hypocalcemic tetany.

Neuromyelitis optica, a variant of multiple sclerosis, presenting with hypocalcemic tetany is an unusual presentation. We report here a case of 25 years old female who was a case of neuromyelitis optica and had hypocalcemic tetany as the initial presentation among others. The case is interesting in that the hypocalcemic tetany was not coincidental.