Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination of children in China: a modeling analysis.

Background: China has a high burden of influenza-associated illness among children. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing government-funded influenza vaccination to children in China (fully-funded policy) compared with the status quo (self-paid policy).

Methods: A decision tree model was developed to calculate the economic and health outcomes, from a societal perspective, using national- and provincial-level data.

Pathways linking school bullying and psychotic experiences: Multiple mediation analysis in Chinese adolescents and young adults.

It is found that people with psychotic experiences have a 4-fold increased risk of developing a psychotic disorder later in life. Indeed, accumulating evidence has suggested that the association between school bullying and psychotic experiences works linearly. Previous studies are mainly carried out in a Western context, and only seldomly do studies address whether the association exists in the Chinese population and the related psychological and cognitive mechanisms.

Cognitive bias modification for paranoia (CBM-pa): a randomised controlled feasibility study in patients with distressing paranoid beliefs.

Background: Cognitive Bias Modification for paranoia (CBM-pa) is a novel, theory-driven psychological intervention targeting the biased interpretation of emotional ambiguity associated with paranoia. Study objectives were (i) test the intervention's feasibility, (ii) provide effect size estimates, (iii) assess dose-response and (iv) select primary outcomes for future trials.

Methods: In a double-blind randomised controlled trial, sixty-three outpatients with clinically significant paranoia were randomised to either CBM-pa or an active control (text reading) between April 2016 and September 2017.

Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Educator-Delivered Lifestyle Modification for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in a Young Healthy Population in Sri Lanka: A Trial-Based Economic Evaluation and Economic Model.

Background: This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle modification (LSM) intervention delivered by peer educators for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a young at-risk population in a low healthcare resource setting.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term cost effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle modification intervention for type 2 diabetes prevention in a young urban at-risk population in Sri Lanka.

Methods: This was an economic evaluation using cost and outcome data from a randomized controlled trial.

Overview and Use of Tools for Selecting Modelling Techniques in Health Economic Studies.

The availability and use of tools to guide the choice of modelling technique are not well understood. Our study aims to review existing tools and explore the use of those tools in health economic models. Two reviews and one case study were conducted.

Training School Teachers to Deliver a Mindfulness Program: Exploring Scalability, Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness.

Background: There is growing research support for the use of mindfulness training (MT) in schools, but almost no high-quality evidence about different training models for people wishing to teach mindfulness in this setting. Effective dissemination of MT relies on the development of scalable training routes.

Objective: To compare 4 training routes for school teachers wishing to deliver MT differing in intensity and potential scalability, considering teaching competency, training acceptability, and cost-effectiveness.

Progression of sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease: a 5-year longitudinal study.

Background: Sleep disorders can occur in early Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relationship between different sleep disturbances and their longitudinal evolution has not been fully explored.

Objective: To describe the frequency, coexistence, and longitudinal change in excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), insomnia, and probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) in early PD.

Impulse control and related behaviors in Parkinson's disease with dementia.

Background And Purpose: The objective was to determine the frequency, demographic and clinical correlates [such as age, sex, Parkinson's disease (PD) severity and dopaminergic treatment] of impulse control disorder (ICD) symptoms and related behaviors in patients with PD with (PD-D) and without (PD-ND) dementia.

Methods: We analyzed historical data from a national, multi-center, cross-sectional database and assessed ICDs and related behaviors with the Scale for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Parkinson's Disease administered as a semi-structured interview to patients with PD-D (n = 85) and PD-ND (n = 444) and their informants.

Results: Dopamine agonist therapy use was common and similar in the two groups (78.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of telephone cognitive-behaviour therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Telephone cognitive-behaviour therapy (TCBT) may be a cost-effective method for improving access to evidence-based treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in young people.AimsEconomic evaluation of TCBT compared with face-to-face CBT for OCD in young people.

Method: Randomised non-inferiority trial comparing TCBT with face-to-face CBT for 72 young people (aged 11 to 18) with a diagnosis of OCD.

"..that warm feeling that [alcohol] gave me was what I interpreted love would feel like.." Lived experience of excessive alcohol use and care proceedings by mothers in the family justice system in the UK.

Background: When mothers who have been identified as using alcohol excessively appear in child care proceedings seeking to retain care of, or be reunited with, their children, family courts primarily focus on whether those mothers can make lasting changes to their use of alcohol, very often requiring them to achieve abstinence. The aim of this study was to advance the evidence base around how such mothers make sense of their alcohol use, and their position as mothers, in the systems and processes around care proceedings.

Methods: Qualitative, face-to-face interviews were carried out at various children and families' services locations across the UK.

Disordered personality traits and psychiatric morbidity in pregnancy: a population-based study.

This study aims to investigate the characteristics and mental health status of pregnant women with disordered personality traits. A cross-sectional study of a stratified sample of 545 women attending antenatal booking at a South London maternity service was conducted. Disordered personality traits were assessed using the Standardised Assessment of Personality-Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS).

Polygenic risk score increases schizophrenia liability through cognition-relevant pathways.

Cognitive deficit is thought to represent, at least in part, genetic mechanisms of risk for schizophrenia, with recent evidence from statistical modelling of twin data suggesting direct causality from the former to the latter. However, earlier evidence was based on inferences from twin not molecular genetic data and it is unclear how much genetic influence 'passes through' cognition on the way to diagnosis. Thus, we included direct measurements of genetic risk (e.

Amyloid-β and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second commonest neurodegenerative disorder in the world with a rising prevalence. The pathophysiology is multifactorial but aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein is considered to be a key underpinning mechanism. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau deposition are also comorbid associations and especially Aβ deposition is associated with cognitive decline in PD.

Learning about Type 1 diabetes and learning to live with it when diagnosed in adulthood: two distinct but inter-related psychological processes of adaptation A qualitative longitudinal study.

Aim: To explore the experiences of adults with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes in order to understand the adaptive processes that occur in the early phase of the condition.

Methods: We conducted longitudinal semi-structured interviews with 30 adults newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (age range 20-67 years; 16 men; median diabetes duration 23.5 months), recruited from hospitals in Denmark and the UK.

'Levodopa Phobia': a review of a not uncommon and consequential phenomenon.

'Levodopa Phobia' is under-recognised in Parkinson's disease but can cause profound detrimental clinical complications if left to continue. Several types can be encountered in clinical practice and can be driven by a misplaced fear of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, other gastrointestinal side effects and also the theoretical notion that levodopa may be toxic to dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The condition can be underpinned by a sense of strong influence from the physicians or carers who are unwilling to prescribe or consider levodopa, and also high levels of anxiety or even impulsive compulsive traits in patients who have been influenced by available literature or social media-based information.

Polygenic risk score analyses of symptoms and treatment response in an antipsychotic-naive first episode of psychosis cohort.

In this study, we aimed to test if the schizophrenia (SCZ) polygenic risk score (PRS) was associated with clinical symptoms in (a) the first episode of psychosis pre-treatment (FEP), (b) at nine weeks after initiation of risperidone treatment (FEP-9W) and (c) with the response to risperidone. We performed a detailed clinical assessment of 60 FEP patients who were antipsychotic-naive and, again, after nine weeks of standardized treatment with risperidone. After blood collection and DNA isolation, the samples were genotyped using the Illumina PsychArrayChip and then imputed.

Use of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder polygenic risk scores to identify psychotic disorders.

Background: There is increasing evidence for shared genetic susceptibility between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Although genetic variants only convey subtle increases in risk individually, their combination into a polygenic risk score constitutes a strong disease predictor.AimsTo investigate whether schizophrenia and bipolar disorder polygenic risk scores can distinguish people with broadly defined psychosis and their unaffected relatives from controls.

Urban Mind: Using Smartphone Technologies to Investigate the Impact of Nature on Mental Well-Being in Real Time.

Existing evidence on the beneficial effects of nature on mental health comes from studies using cross-sectional designs. We developed a smartphone-based tool (Urban Mind; ) to examine how exposure to natural features within the built environment affects mental well-being in real time. The tool was used to monitor 108 individuals who completed 3013 assessments over a 1-week period.

Associations between psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains.

Background: A range of endophenotypes characterise psychosis, however there has been limited work understanding if and how they are inter-related.

Methods: This multi-centre study includes 8754 participants: 2212 people with a psychotic disorder, 1487 unaffected relatives of probands, and 5055 healthy controls. We investigated cognition [digit span (N = 3127), block design (N = 5491), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (N = 3543)], electrophysiology [P300 amplitude and latency (N = 1102)], and neuroanatomy [lateral ventricular volume (N = 1721)].

A comparison of the responsiveness of EQ-5D-5L and the QOLIE-31P and mapping of QOLIE-31P to EQ-5D-5L in epilepsy.

Objective: To investigate the responsiveness of and correlation between the EQ-5D-5L and the QOLIE-31P in patients with epilepsy, and develop a mapping function to predict EQ-5D-5L values based on the QOLIE-31P for use in economic evaluations.

Methods: The dataset was derived from two clinical trials, the ZMILE study in the Netherlands and the SMILE study in the UK. In both studies, patients' quality of life using the EQ-5D-5L and QOLIE-31P was measured at baseline and 12 months follow-up.

A polygenic risk score analysis of psychosis endophenotypes across brain functional, structural, and cognitive domains.

This large multi-center study investigates the relationships between genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multi-modal endophenotypes for psychosis. The sample included 4,242 individuals; 1,087 patients with psychosis, 822 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients, and 2,333 controls. Endophenotypes included the P300 event-related potential (N = 515), lateral ventricular volume (N = 798), and the cognitive measures block design (N = 3,089), digit span (N = 1,437), and the Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Task (N = 2,406).

Antipsychotics and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Accident: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Background: Studies investigating the association between antipsychotic use and the risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) showed inconsistent results.

Aim: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether use of antipsychotics is associated with increased risk of CVA.

Methods: Major electronic databases were searched from 1970 to October 2016 for observational studies investigating the risk of CVA among users of antipsychotics.