Sustained effects after a multidisciplinary lifestyle modification program for overweight and obese children.

Background: Lifestyle modification (LM) is the mainstay in the management of obese children. This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of a pediatric cohort participating in a hospital-based LM program.

Methods: Overweight/obese children and adolescents who visited a multidisciplinary LM program "The Health and Vitality Clinic" were included.

Default mode network functional connectivity as a transdiagnostic biomarker of cognitive function.

The default mode network (DMN) is intricately linked with processes such as self-referential thinking, episodic memory recall, goal-directed cognition, self-projection, and theory of mind. Over recent years, there has been a surge in examining its functional connectivity, particularly its relationship with frontoparietal networks (FPN) involved in top-down attention, executive function, and cognitive control. The fluidity in switching between these internal and external modes of processing-highlighted by anti-correlated functional connectivity-has been proposed as an indicator of cognitive health.

Exploring the Relationship Between Transitional Object Attachment and Emotion Regulation in College Students.

: Transitional attachment objects, such as blankets, play a critical role in childhood by helping children manage separation anxiety and regulate emotions. Although attachment to these objects often decreases as children grow older, it may persist into adulthood and influence emotion regulation and stress responses. Their influence on emotion regulation in adulthood remains uncertain.

Dispositional coping profiles moderate the links between racial discrimination and mental health in Black Americans.

Objectives: Racial discrimination is consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes. However, less is known about how unique patterns of coping in Black Americans experiencing high discrimination stress may moderate the association between discrimination and mental health. The present study uses person-centered methods to identify and describe latent profiles of coping in Black Americans, to understand how these coping profiles are linked to mental health, and to examine whether latent coping profiles moderate the links between discrimination and mental health.

The association between early maladaptive schemas and romantic relationship satisfaction.

Introduction: Relationship dynamics could be shaped by schemas, and relationship satisfaction could be depend on how couples perceive each other through these schemas. The main aim of this study was to assess how early maladaptive schemas are related to relationship satisfaction for both males and females in a relationship, by highlighting factors that contribute to relationship satisfaction, with a particular focus on the interaction of schemas between males and females.

Methods: The study involved a total of healthy 47 different-gender couples.

Framing wellbeing and societal challenge mechanisms via distinct outcomes of art experience? A brief revisit to the VIMAP.

In this brief contribution-happily afforded by the 20th anniversary of Physics of Life Reviews-we take the opportunity to reflect on our earlier published paper, which had introduced a theoretical framework, the VIMAP (Vienna Integrated Model of (Top-Down and Bottom-up processes in) Art Perception; (Pelowski et al., [1])) that has come to represent a major basis for organizing, anticipating, and empirically investigating the nuanced, multivariate visual art experience. We look back at the original model and its hypotheses, especially as these regard distinct "outcomes," which we had argued may provide a superstructure of supraordinate, shared varieties of art experience detected across individual meetings of viewer, context, and artworks.

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Vascular Markers and Cognitive Functions in Early Hypertension.

: Controlling hypertension may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. A marker for the identification of hypertensive patients who are more likely to suffer cognitive impairment would be of clinical benefit. In our research, 105 patients with newly diagnosed primary hypertension were assessed at the Department of Neurology, the University of Debrecen.

Boosting Psychotherapy With Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: The Whys and Wherefores of Modulating Neural Plasticity to Promote Therapeutic Change.

The phenomenon of neural plasticity pertains to the intrinsic capacity of neurons to undergo structural and functional reconfiguration through learning and experiential interaction with the environment. These changes could manifest themselves not only as a consequence of various life experiences but also following therapeutic interventions, including the application of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and psychotherapy. As standalone therapies, both NIBS and psychotherapy have demonstrated their efficacy in the amelioration of psychiatric disorders' symptoms, with a certain variability in terms of effect sizes and duration.

Advancing the personalized advantage index (PAI): a systematic review and application in two large multi-site samples in anxiety disorders.

Background: The Personalized Advantage Index (PAI) shows promise as a method for identifying the most effective treatment for individual patients. Previous studies have demonstrated its utility in retrospective evaluations across various settings. In this study, we explored the effect of different methodological choices in predictive modelling underlying the PAI.

Impact of interaction among antiseizure medication polytherapy, clinical, sociodemographic and psychological factors on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review.

Introduction: Drug-resistant epilepsy usually requires the use of polytherapy with antiseizure medications (ASMs) for management, which could involve side and adverse effects that may impact quality of life (QOL). This systematic review summarizes the evidence about the relationship between ASM polytherapy and QOL in epilepsy patients, considering clinical, sociodemographic, and psychological variables.

Method: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO.

A qualitative exploration of the client-provider relationship and its role in discussing sexual health and HIV among African American women in the US South.

Objective: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, are a key contributor to psychological and physical morbidity across the United States (US). African American (AA) women are disproportionately impacted by STIs, particularly in the Deep South of the US. Strong patient-provider communication can help to increase client understanding of STI prevention and treatment options.

Development and validation of the Epilepsy Perceived Stress Inventory for Adults (EPSI-A): A pilot study.

Introduction: Stress is one of the most common trigger factors for epileptic seizures and is strongly related to clinical and emotional variables. Despite its influence in the course of the disease, there is an absence of instruments for measuring perceived stress in people with drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, this study develops and validates the Epilepsy Perceived Stress Inventory for Adults (EPSI-A), a self-report inventory in Spanish designed to quantify perceived chronic stress in this population.

Predicting the Risk of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol Using EEG-Based Machine Learning.

Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) is closely associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our previous study on machine learning (ML) algorithms revealed a very high accuracy of decision trees with neuropsychological features in predicting the risk of DUIA despite limited data availability. Thus, this study aimed at comparing six well-known ML algorithms based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to differentiate adults with AUD and DUIA (AUD-DD) from those with AUD without DUIA (AUD-NDD) and controls.

Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice.

During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, neural ensembles in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit responsible for encoding recent memories undergo reactivation to facilitate the process of memory consolidation. This reactivation is widely acknowledged as pivotal for the formation of stable memory and its impairment is closely associated with memory dysfunction. To date, the neural mechanisms driving the reactivation of neural ensembles during NREM sleep remain poorly understood.

Processing of Emotional Words in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in understanding emotional language, but little research has discussed the developmental course of the processing of emotional words in the clinical population. Previous studies have revealed distinct processing for emotion-label (e.g.

The psychosocial background of dental care avoidance: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Dental care avoidance affects individuals' oral health status. There is limited literature examining the context of dental avoidance behavior.

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine attitudes toward dental care services among adults.

Developmental 17-OHPC exposure disrupts behavior regulated by the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system in rats.

The synthetic progestin, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), is administered to pregnant individuals with the intention of reducing preterm birth. Although there is evidence that 17-OHPC is likely transferred from mother to fetus, there is little information regarding the potential effects of 17-OHPC administration on behavioral and neural development in offspring. Neonatal 17-OHPC exposure disrupts the development of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway and associated behaviors in rats.

Distributional learning drives statistical suppression and deafening.

Unlabelled: Humans and other animals use information about how likely it is for something to happen. The absolute and relative probability of an event influences a remarkable breadth of behaviors, from foraging for food to comprehending linguistic constructions -- even when these probabilities are learned implicitly. It is less clear how, and under what circumstances, statistical learning of simple probabilities might drive changes in perception and cognition.

A formal analysis of the standard operating processes (SOP) and multiple time scales (MTS) theories of habituation.

In this article, we compare two theories of habituation: the standard operating processes (SOP) and the multiple time scales (MTS) models. Both theories propose that habituation is due to a reduction in the difference between actual and remembered stimulation. Although the two approaches explain short-term habituation using a similar nonassociative mechanism based on a time-decaying memory of recent stimulus presentations, their understanding of retention of habituation or long-term habituation differs.

Connectome-based predictive modeling of brain pathology and cognition in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease.

Introduction: Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (ADAD) through genetic mutations can result in near complete expression of the disease. Tracking AD pathology development in an ADAD cohort of Presenilin-1 ( E280A carriers' mutation has allowed us to observe incipient tau tangles accumulation as early as 6 years prior to symptom onset.

Methods: Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) scans were acquired in a group of carriers (n=32) and non-carrier family members (n=35).