Microglial Positron Emission Tomography Imaging In Vivo : Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands: Utility in Research and Clinical Practice.

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) play a key role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis in the brain. However, the CNS is also vulnerable to infections and inflammatory processes. In response to CNS perturbations, microglia become reactive, notably with expression of the translocator protein (TSPO), primarily on their outer mitochondrial membrane.

Immune-based Machine learning Prediction of Diagnosis and Illness State in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder frequently face significant delay in diagnosis, leading to being missed or misdiagnosed in early stages. Both disorders have also been associated with trait and state immune abnormalities. Recent machine learning-based studies have shown encouraging results using diagnostic biomarkers in predictive models, but few have focused on immune-based markers.

Enrichment using speech latencies improves treatment effect size in a clinical trial of bipolar depression.

Clinical trials in depression lack objective measures. Speech latencies are an objective measure of psychomotor slowing with face validity and empirical support. 'Turn latency' is the response time between speakers.

Evaluating speech latencies during structured psychiatric interviews as an automated objective measure of psychomotor slowing.

We sought to derive an objective measure of psychomotor slowing from speech analytics during a psychiatric interview to avoid potential burden of dedicated neurophysiological testing. Speech latency, which reflects response time between speakers, shows promise from the literature. Speech data was obtained from 274 subjects with a diagnosis of bipolar I depression enrolled in a randomized, doubleblind, 6-week phase 2 clinical trial.

"Psychiatric emergency consultations of minors: a qualitative study of professionals' experiences".

Background: Psychiatric emergency assessment of minors can be a complex process, especially for professional staff who are not specifically trained in handling child and adolescent emergency patients. As minors cannot usually express their feelings and experiences as well as adults, it is difficult to form an accurate picture of their condition and to determine what kind of emergency care is needed, for instance whether or not a psychiatric emergency admission is necessary. We lack insight in what professionals at emergency departments need to adequately assess these minors and their families.

Do help-seeking adolescents report more psychotic-like experiences than young adults on the 16-item version of the prodromal questionnaire (PQ-16)?

Aim: To compare psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in adolescents and young adults referred to the Mental Health Services (MHSs).

Methods: Participants scored the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) as part of the intake procedure. Data on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification and demographic data were collected.

A novel minimally invasive and versatile kyphoplasty balloon-based model of porcine spinal cord injury.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) animal models often utilize an open surgical laminectomy, which results in animal morbidity and also leads to changes in spinal canal diameter, spinal cord perfusion, cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics, and spinal stability which may confound SCI research. Moreover, the use of open surgical laminectomy for injury creation lacks realism when considering human SCI scenarios.

Methods: We developed a novel, image-guided, minimally invasive, large animal model of SCI which utilizes a kyphoplasty balloon inserted into the epidural space via an interlaminar approach without the need for open surgery.

Worsening trends in the frequency of methamphetamine and other stimulant use between treatment admission and discharge.

Background: Treatment for methamphetamine and other stimulants can be effective but treatment attrition and continued use are very high. Abstinence is the conventional outcome used to evaluate treatment success, but defining treatment success in this way misses opportunities to promote improved health even when abstinence is not achieved. Reducing methamphetamine and stimulant use without abstinence is associated with many positive outcomes.

Posttraumatic stress disorder following childhood sexual and physical abuse: a study protocol for an 11-week randomised controlled trial comparing imaginal exposure and imagery rescripting.

There is a vast amount of evidence supporting the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it remains unclear which specific treatment is most effective for patients with PTSD following childhood sexual and physical abuse (CSPA). Although Imaginal Exposure (IE) has proven highly effective in treating PTSD and is widely acknowledged as a standard method, Imagery Rescripting (IR) may be more suitable for CSPA-related PTSD.

Anti-spike antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Importance: Individuals with schizophrenia are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness and severe breakthrough infection following vaccination. It is unclear whether immune response to vaccination differs in this population.

Objective: To assess whether anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers after vaccination differ in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) compared to controls without a psychiatric disorder.

Homelessness and housing problems in admitted psychiatric patients in Flanders, Belgium.

Homelessness in psychiatric patients in Flanders, Belgium, has never been investigated. Advocacy groups from patients with lived experience of psychiatric disorders have sounded the alarm on the scarcity of suitable housing options, the strain on psychiatric institutions, and the challenges faced by social service workers. To investigate the extent of the problem a survey on the topic was initiated.

Towards an informed research agenda for the field of personality disorders by experts with lived and living experience and researchers.

Background: We describe a collection of themes for a research agenda for personality disorders that was originally formulated for the ESSPD Borderline Congress in 2022.

Methods: Experts with lived and living experience (EE), researchers and clinicians met virtually, exchanged ideas and discussed research topics for the field of personality disorders. The experts - patients, relatives, significant others - named the topics they thought most relevant for further research in the field.

Effects of the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment on neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia (DANTON): a multicentre, open-label, blinded-outcome, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Based on observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the benefit-harm balance of antihypertensive treatment in older adults with dementia is unclear.

Objective: To assess whether discontinuing antihypertensive treatment reduces neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and maintains quality of life (QoL) in nursing home residents with dementia.

Design: Open-label, blinded-outcome RCT.

Continuous theta burst stimulation for bipolar depression: A multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled study exploring treatment efficacy and predictive potential of kynurenine metabolites.

Background: While theta burst stimulation (TBS) shows promise in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), its effectiveness in bipolar depression (BD-D) remains uncertain. Optimizing treatment parameters is crucial in the pursuit of rapid symptom relief. Moreover, aligning with personalized treatment strategies and increased interest in immunopsychiatry, biomarker-based stratification of patients most likely to benefit from TBS might improve remission rates.

[Prevention of psychiatric illness].

Prevention and early intervention in the field of mental health are recognized as key elements in minimizing the impact of any potentially serious mental health condition. However, early intervention in the field of young people's health is an objective that is underdeveloped. There are several possible avenues of prevention: selective preventive interventions for individuals whose risk of developing a mental disorder is significantly higher than the rest of the population, interventions for individuals who are no longer asymptomatic, secondary prevention strategies aimed at mitigating the onset of negative prognostic factors, and tertiary prevention strategies aimed at remedying resistance to treatment and psychosocial dysfunction.

Mental Health, Drug Use, and Programming: Applying a Needs Assessment Framework in Arkansas' Largest Jail.

Jail programming is rarely informed by site-specific health needs, diagnostic-specific screening tools that are validated, or the input of incarcerated individuals. Using the community needs assessment (CNA) framework, we aimed to fill these gaps among people incarcerated in the Pulaski County Regional Detention Facility (PCRDF), Arkansas' largest jail. Participants were 179 adults at the PCRDF who completed surveys and open-ended questions focused on (a) their mental and behavioral health and (b) programming needs at the facility.

Coercion During Psychiatric Ambulance Versus Police Transport in Mental Health Crises: A Pre- and Postimplementation Study.

Objective: Police officers are often the first responders when individuals experience a mental health crisis and typically remain responsible for transport to a psychiatric emergency department. In 2014, a psychiatric ambulance (PA) was introduced in the city of Amsterdam to take over the transport of individuals in a mental health crisis. The purpose of the PA was to use fewer restrictive measures while guaranteeing safety for both patients and personnel.

To SHARE or not to SHARE: Exploring incarcerated women's decisions about enrolling in exposure-based group therapy.

Exposure therapies effectively treat traumatic stress sequelae, including that which follows sexual violence victimization (SVV). Carceral facilities house women with significantly higher rates of SVV than community samples, yet they rarely implement this form of treatment. In this study, women with histories of SVV ( = 63) completed semistructured qualitative interviews about their decision to enroll or not enroll in an exposure-based group therapy called Survivors Healing from Abuse: Recovery through Exposure while incarcerated.

Five-year follow-up of the iBerry Study: screening in early adolescence to identify those at risk of psychopathology in emerging adulthood.

The iBerry Study, a Dutch population-based high-risk cohort (n = 1022) examines the transition from subclinical symptoms to psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Here, we present the first follow-up measurement, approximately 3 years after baseline assessment and 5 years after the screening based on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (SDQ-Y). We give an update on the data collection, details on the (non)response, and the results on psychopathology outcomes.

Geographic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Access to Methamphetamine Detoxification Services, United States, 2021.

Introduction: Methamphetamine detoxification before entering formal and longer term treatment may have a positive impact on treatment retention and success. Understanding geographic distribution of methamphetamine specialty detox services and differential access by race/ethnicity is critical for establishing policies that ensure equitable access across populations.

Methods: We used the Mental health and Addiction Treatment Tracking Repository to identify treatment facilities that offered any substance use detoxification in 2021 (N=2346) as well as the census block group in which they were located.

The efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide up-to-date clinical guidance on the efficacy of lamotrigine in bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Eligible studies were identified during a systematic literature search according to PRISMA-guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that quantitatively assessed lamotrigine's efficacy in BD.

Properties of the modified self-forgiveness dual-process scale in populations at risk for moral injury.

Despite theory suggesting that self-forgiveness facilitates recovery from moral injury, no measure of self-forgiveness has been validated with individuals exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Military veterans, healthcare workers, and first responders who reported PMIE exposure (n = 924) completed the Self-Forgiveness Dual-Process Scale, which assesses two dimensions of the self-forgiveness process. The first dimension, value affirmation, refers to appraising personal responsibility and being willing to make amends for one's involvement in a PMIE.