Anticipated Responses to Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility among Latinos in Northern Manhattan.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative illness that has become a growing concern for older adults. As such, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic testing has become more commonly used to identify individuals' susceptibility to AD. An underrepresented population in AD research, Latinos will be disproportionately affected by AD in the coming decades.

Integrated programs for common mental illnesses within primary care and community settings in Latin America: a scoping review of components and implementation strategies.

Integrated programs for common mental illnesses are evidence-informed practices yet to be routinely implemented in Latin America. It synthesizes the literature on integrated programs for common mental illnesses (anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder) in Latin American primary care and community settings. It maps program components (the 'what') to the collaborative care model core components and implementation strategies (the 'how') to the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy.

Misclassification of opioid-involvement in drug-related overdose deaths in the United States: A scoping review.

Purpose: Most drug-related deaths in the United States (US) in 2022 involved opioids. However, methodological challenges in overdose surveillance may contribute to underestimation of opioid involvement in the overdose crisis. This scoping review aimed to synthesize existing literature to examine the breadth and contributing sources of misclassification of opioid-related overdose deaths.

Depression is Associated with Treatment Response Trajectories in Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Machine Learning Analysis.

Unlabelled: Although evidence-based treatments for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) exist, pretreatment characteristics associated with differential improvement trajectories have not been identified. To identify clinical factors relevant to optimizing PGD treatment outcomes, we used unsupervised and supervised machine learning to study treatment effects from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into four treatment groups for 20 weeks: citalopram with grief-informed clinical management, citalopram with prolonged grief disorder therapy (PGDT), pill placebo with PGDT, or pill placebo with clinical management.

The role of the psychedelic experience in psilocybin treatment for treatment-resistant depression.

Objective: To determine the relationships between psilocybin dose, psychedelic experiences, and therapeutic outcome in treatment-resistant depression.

Methods: For treatment-resistant depression, 233 participants received a single dose of 25, 10, or 1 mg of COMP360 psilocybin (a proprietary, pharmaceutical-grade synthesized psilocybin formulation, developed by the sponsor, Compass Pathfinder Ltd.) with psychological support.

Trends in Opioid Use Disorder in the Veterans Health Administration, 2005-2022.

Importance: Given the personal and social burdens of opioid use disorder (OUD), understanding time trends in OUD prevalence in large patient populations is key to planning prevention and treatment services.

Objective: To examine trends in the prevalence of OUD from 2005 to 2022 overall and by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This serial cross-sectional study included national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic medical record data from the VHA Corporate Data Warehouse.

Neighborhood Factors as Correlates of Alcohol Use in the N2 Cohort Study of Black Sexually Minoritized Men and Transgender Women.

Sexually minoritized men (SMM), transgender women (TW), and particularly Black SMM and Black TW may be disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related problems. Few studies have empirically examined neighborhood factors that may contribute to alcohol use, specifically among these populations. Using data from the N2 longitudinal cohort study in Chicago, IL, survey data from the second wave of longitudinal assessment (n = 126) and GPS mobility data from enrollment were used to evaluate neighborhood alcohol outlet availability, neighborhood disorder, and neighborhood poverty as correlates of individual alcohol use.

Life-course perspective on the causal mechanism of social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Background: Due to prior emphasis on clinical recovery in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD), improving social functioning (SF) was oftentimes neglected, with ⩽15% of patients achieving social recovery. Priorly, we and others have shown that life-course factors, including childhood adversities, play a role in the occurrence and severity of postmorbid SF impairments, highlighting the need to understand these factors for effective interventions.

Aim: This study investigates the mechanisms influencing SF in SSD and examines the causal roles of childhood trauma, premorbid adjustment, perceived stigma, self-esteem, and quality of life.

Perceptual distortions characteristic of Alice in Wonderland syndrome in contemporary figurative painting.

Background: Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS) is a neurological condition characterized by perceptual distortions, most of which are visual in nature (metamorphopsias). Over the past decade there has been a movement in contemporary figurative painting away from strict mimesis toward depicting distortions of the painting's subject, called disrupted realism. In certain cases the similarities between the distortions in those paintings and those characteristic of AIWS are so striking that we suspect that artists may have experienced distorted perceptions themselves and used them for creative inspiration.

Implementing interpersonal psychotherapy globally: a content analysis from 31 countries.

While there is ample evidence for the efficacy of IPT, confirmed through the results of the efficacy review, on the ground implementation factors are less well understood. We compiled a book on the global reach of IPT by requesting contributions from local authors through word-of-mouth methods. This approach resulted in reports from 31 countries across six continents and 15 diverse populations within the US that spanned the age range and types of usage.

A Reference Tissue Implementation of Simultaneous Multifactor Bayesian Analysis (SiMBA) of PET Time Activity Curve Data.

PET analysis is conventionally performed as a two-stage process of quantification followed by analysis. We recently introduced SiMBA (Simultaneous Multifactor Bayesian Analysis), a hierarchical model that performs quantification and analysis for all brain regions of all individuals at once, and in so doing improves both the accuracy of parameter estimation as well as inferential efficiency. However until now, SiMBA has only been implemented for the two-tissue compartment model.

Cross-species RNAi therapy via AAV delivery alleviates neuropathic pain by targeting GCH1.

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) expression is normally strictly controlled; however, its intracellular levels increase considerably following nerve damage. GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1) plays a crucial role in regulating BH4 concentration, with an upregulation observed in the dorsal root ganglion in cases of neuropathic pain. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate the clinical potential of an RNA interference-based adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting GCH1 across various species to decrease BH4 levels and, consequently, alleviate neuropathic pain symptoms.

Maternal vitamin B12 during pregnancy and schizophrenia in offspring.

Background: Maternal nutritional deficiency is linked with several adverse outcomes in offspring but the link between maternal vitamin B12 levels and offspring schizophrenia remains unexplored.

Methods: In this nationwide population-based nested case-control design, 1145 schizophrenia cases were born between 1987-1997 and diagnosed by 2017 and each case were matched with a control. Maternal vitamin B12 levels during the first and early second trimesters of pregnancy were measured using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay from maternal sera.

Exercise as Mitochondrial Medicine: How Does the Exercise Prescription Affect Mitochondrial Adaptations to Training?

Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with several life-sustaining functions beyond energy transformation, including cell signaling, calcium homeostasis, hormone synthesis, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and others. A defining aspect of these dynamic organelles is their remarkable plasticity, which allows them to sense, respond, and adapt to various stressors. In particular, it is well-established that the stress of exercise provides a powerful stimulus that can trigger transient or enduring changes to mitochondrial molecular features, activities, integrated functions, behaviors, and cell-dependent mitochondrial phenotypes.

Neural Markers of Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety and PTSD.

Pediatric anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with elevated threat sensitivity and impaired emotion regulation, accompanied by dysfunction in the neural circuits involved in these processes. Despite established treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, many children do not achieve remission, underscoring the importance of understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders. This review synthesizes current research on the neural predictors of treatment response and the neurofunctional changes associated with treatment in pediatric anxiety and PTSD during threat and reward processing.

Intestinal Epithelial Serotonin as a Novel Target for Treating Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction and Mood.

Background & Aims: Mood disorders and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) are highly prevalent, commonly comorbid, and lack fully effective therapies. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line pharmacological treatments for these disorders, they may impart adverse effects, including anxiety, anhedonia, dysmotility, and, in children exposed in utero, an increased risk of cognitive, mood, and gastrointestinal disorders. SSRIs act systemically to block the serotonin reuptake transporter and enhance serotonergic signaling in the brain, intestinal epithelium, and enteric neurons.

Quality of reporting on psychological interventions in psychedelic treatments: a systematic review.

Although studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are accumulating, there is no consensus regarding best practice of the psychotherapeutic component. In this systematic review, we summarised the quality of reporting on psychological interventions in research about psychedelic treatments. The design followed PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42022319221).

The Reliability of Assessing Gender Minority Status Based on Gender Identity and Sex Assigned at Birth in the African Context: Findings from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 075 Study.

This study evaluated the reliability of assessing transgender status in African populations using questions about current gender identification and sex assigned at birth. Data were obtained from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 075, a study designed to assess the feasibility of recruiting and retaining 400 men who have sex with men (MSM) in a 1-year prospective cohort study in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa and conducted from 2015 to 2017. We compared responses of 401 participants to questions about gender identity obtained at the screening and enrollment visits and, for a subset of participants, in open interviews 6-9 months after enrollment.

Researchers' agency and the boundaries of global mental health: perspectives from and about Latin America.

The decolonise global health movement has critically reassessed the field's historical and political underpinnings, urging researchers to recognise biases and power imbalances through reflexivity and action. Genuine change is seen as the outcome of the researcher's self-awareness, often leaving the underlying structures of global health-and global mental health (GMH)-in the background. Here, we problematise how expectations around agency and change have been mobilised in discussions around decolonisation, highlighting the gradual and contingent nature of international collaboration in GMH.

Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of disorders of gut-brain interaction in children.

Preclinical data suggest that gestational exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) alter gut innervation, and delays colonic motility. In this study we investigated associations between gestational SSRI exposure and offspring disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Using population-based registries, we included all single-birth Danish children born 1997-2015 with follow-up until outcome occurrence, age 15 years, death, emigration, or December 2018.