4,527 results match your criteria: "Psychiatric Illness Associated With Criminality"
Subcultural Representations of Perpetrators and Victims of Crime and Violence Associated with Mental Disorders.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed)
December 2024
History of Medicine Unit, Department of Social and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Introduction And Objectives: The beliefs and opinions of the general population are based substantially on mass media, which often equates mental disorders with violence and criminality. These stigmatising depictions contribute to the development and persistence of negative attitudes towards people with psychiatric conditions. The objective was to examine, through popular music, the subcultural representations of crime and violence in the context of mental disorders, focusing on depictions of victims and offenders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystems analysis and improvement to optimize opioid use disorder care quality and continuity for patients exiting jail (SAIA-MOUD).
Implement Sci
December 2024
Department of Global Health, University of Washington Schools of Medicine and Public Health, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
Background: Between 2012-2022 opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States, including Washington State, have risen dramatically. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex, chronic, and criminalized illness with biological, environmental, and social causes. One-fifth of people with OUD have recent criminal-legal system involvement; > 50% pass through WA jails annually.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelected Resource Insecurities and Abstinence Self-Efficacy Among Urban and Rural Incarcerated Women with Opioid Use Disorder.
J Health Care Poor Underserved
November 2024
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates how insecurities related to food, housing, and transportation affect abstinence self-efficacy in women involved with the criminal justice system who have opioid use disorder (OUD).
- - Data was collected from 900 women in Kentucky jails, focusing on their resource insecurities and their confidence in maintaining abstinence from opioids.
- - Findings suggest that food insecurity is negatively related to abstinence self-efficacy, and that living in rural areas exacerbates the impact of transportation insecurity on recovery efforts.
The navigation of good care for forensic psychiatric inpatients who face mandatory repatriation from the Netherlands: An ethnographic study.
Soc Sci Med
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
This ethnographic study examines the challenges associated with forensic psychiatric care for patients with a migration background in Dutch Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry Veldzicht. As a result of their criminal offence, these patients, translated here as 'TBS foreigners', have been declared 'unwanted' by the Dutch immigration services and face repatriation to their country of origin. Through contextual policy-analysis, participant observation and fifteen semi-structured interviews conducted between February and May 2023, we found that professional conduct on TBS foreigners' wards is increasingly curtailed by the Dutch legal infrastructure and the clinic's socio-material environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"Tethered to this ball and chain": Women's perspectives on bodily agency within opioid treatment programs.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
Consortium on Substance Use and Addiction, Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is effective in reducing risks related to opioid use disorder (OUD), but less than 10% of those affected in the U.S. receive it, particularly among women involved in the criminal justice system.
- A study involving interviews with women in Pennsylvania and substance use disorder professionals highlighted that women feel their bodily agency is compromised by strict OTP policies, which can harm their treatment experience and retention.
- The research calls for MMT programs to adopt a more patient-centered and trauma-informed approach, emphasizing the importance of empowering women in their treatment decisions to enhance effectiveness.
How we understand fully the supply, demand, and harm reduction in drugs policy in Vietnam?
Harm Reduct J
November 2024
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, 4122, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Vietnam has prioritized preventing drug-related crimes and rehabilitating users since the 1990s, but has faced challenges in fully implementing harm reduction strategies.
- The country’s anti-narcotic approach emphasizes zero tolerance for traffickers and often leads to imprisonment of drug users instead of providing health support.
- Despite official commitments to harm minimization, discrepancies in policies and practices hinder effective implementation, with recommendations for improving harm reduction in policing being proposed.
A longitudinal birth cohort study of child maltreatment and mental disorders using linked statewide child protection and administrative health data for 83,050 Queensland residents from 1983 to 2014.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci
November 2024
Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the link between childhood maltreatment (CM) reported to authorities and the risk of psychiatric diagnoses by age 30, comparing those with agency-reported CM to the general population.
- Using comprehensive data from birth cohorts in Queensland, Australia, the researchers followed over 83,000 individuals, focusing on psychiatric admissions and types of maltreatment.
- Findings indicate that individuals with agency-reported CM are significantly more likely to receive hospital diagnoses for various psychiatric disorders, especially post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), highlighting the importance of early intervention and support for affected individuals.
Predicting the Risk of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol Using EEG-Based Machine Learning.
Comput Biol Med
January 2025
Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) is closely associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Our previous study on machine learning (ML) algorithms revealed a very high accuracy of decision trees with neuropsychological features in predicting the risk of DUIA despite limited data availability. Thus, this study aimed at comparing six well-known ML algorithms based on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to differentiate adults with AUD and DUIA (AUD-DD) from those with AUD without DUIA (AUD-NDD) and controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntipsychotic prescribing practices and their association with rehospitalization in a forensic psychiatric sample.
Front Psychiatry
October 2024
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- There is a lack of research on antipsychotic prescribing practices specifically for patients in forensic psychiatric services, despite extensive literature on their use in general psychiatric settings.
- The study involved 153 forensic psychiatric patients with psychotic illnesses, finding that the majority were middle-aged males, predominantly white, and had serious offenses, with 75.9% prescribed atypical antipsychotics.
- Rehospitalization rates were notable, with 52.9% of patients rehospitalized at least once; clozapine showed lower rehospitalization rates compared to other medications, indicating it may be underused and warrants further investigation.
Substance use as a public health issue: A critical review of the Canadian literature, 1896-2020.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 1001 Queen Street, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 6th Floor, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 8th Floor, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, D-01187 Dresden, Germany; Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the perception of substance use has shifted in Canada from moral, criminal, and medical views to a public health approach over the past 120 years.
- A systematic review of academic literature identified 64 relevant articles published between 1896 and 2020 that trace this evolution.
- Key findings highlight a transition from considering alcohol as a social problem to framing it as a public health issue, with recent focus on harm reduction and policy reform.
Practitioners' perspectives on working with families of minors experiencing sex trafficking: Family risk factors and implications for family based interventions.
Child Abuse Negl
December 2024
Social Policy Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study examined family risk factors that contribute to the sex trafficking of minors and highlighted the need for family-based interventions after a child is identified as a victim.
- Through interviews with social service and criminal justice professionals, researchers found that many parents were unaware of their child's situation and the warning signs of trafficking.
- The study suggests that effective interventions should focus on educating families about sex trafficking, helping them build supportive relationships, and addressing issues such as mental health, substance use, and basic resource needs.
A Remedy for Crime? A Systematic Review on the Effects of Pharmacological ADHD Treatment on Criminal Recidivism and Rehabilitation in Inmates With ADHD.
Brain Behav
November 2024
Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- There is a high prevalence of ADHD among prison populations, which is linked to increased criminal behavior; the study reviews how ADHD medications impact recidivism and symptoms in inmates.
- The review followed strict research guidelines and focused on peer-reviewed studies that examined incarcerated individuals with diagnosed ADHD who began pharmacological treatment.
- Only one of the included studies found a lower than expected rate of recidivism among those receiving treatment, while results varied widely for ADHD symptoms and rehabilitation factors, highlighting a lack of strong evidence for medication effectiveness.
Examining problem gambling, substance use disorders and cluster B personality traits among incarcerated individuals.
Addict Behav Rep
December 2024
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Article Synopsis
- Prison populations have high rates of addictive behaviors and face unique stressors, leading to prevalent issues like problem gambling, but its distinction from other addictions is unclear.
- A study analyzed risk factors for problem gambling among Finnish prisoners, using data from 527 participants and assessing various covariates, including gender, age, education, and personality traits.
- Results showed problem gambling is linked to property crimes, while borderline personality traits increased its likelihood; various factors, including crime type and age, influence different addiction types, highlighting the need for targeted rehabilitation strategies in correctional settings.
The Intersection of Ultra-Processed Foods, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Neurolaw: Implications for Criminal Justice.
NeuroSci
September 2024
Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
Article Synopsis
- Over the past ten years, researchers have noted a connection between ultra-processed food consumption and mental health issues, including neuropsychiatric disorders and antisocial behavior.
- The field of neurolaw aims to incorporate neuroscience findings into legal systems, offering insights into the relationship between diet and behavior, reflected in notable cases like the "Twinkie Defense."
- Advances in neuroscience are prompting significant changes in the justice system's understanding of free will and criminal responsibility, with experts increasingly influencing legal decisions and policy.
A place-based spatial analysis of racial inequities in overdose in St. Louis County Missouri, United States.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
Department of the Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to find environmental features linked to higher rates of drug-related fatalities and created a risk score based on these features.
- Researchers analyzed overdose data from St. Louis County, using Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) to determine how proximity to various places affected overdose risk, separating data by drug type and race of decedents.
- Key findings revealed that fatalities were notably higher near hotels/motels, foreclosures, and restaurants, with specific patterns differing by race, suggesting that certain built environments reflect social conditions that contribute to overdose risk.
Comparison of sociodemographic, clinical, and alexithymia characteristics of schizophrenia patients with and without criminal records.
Int J Law Psychiatry
December 2024
Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Turkey. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to identify differences in sociodemographic and clinical traits between individuals with schizophrenia who have a criminal record and those without, focusing on factors like intelligence, insight, alexithymia, psychological symptoms, aggression, and impulsivity.
- Conducted on 100 patients aged 18-65, results showed significant differences in gender, marital status, educational status, and emotional expression difficulties between the two groups.
- Regression analysis revealed that factors like gender, marital status, educational status, age at illness onset, aggression levels, and impulsivity were linked to criminal behaviors in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a need for more extensive and varied research.
Mortality, Criminal Sanctions, and Court Diversion in People With Psychosis.
JAMA Netw Open
October 2024
The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- People with psychosis face higher rates of early death and disproportionately interact with the criminal justice system, but the impact of criminal penalties on their mortality remains understudied.
- This study investigated how various types of recent criminal sanctions, like court diversion and imprisonment, affect mortality rates in individuals with psychotic disorders, using comprehensive data from New South Wales, Australia.
- Results showed that out of 83,071 participants, nearly one-third had received a criminal sanction, and the research aimed to identify the causes of death and differences in mortality rates based on the type of sanction applied, with a focus on those under 65 years old.
Unpacking the Effects of Decriminalization: Understanding Drug Use Experiences and Risks among Individuals Who Use Drugs in British Columbia.
Harm Reduct J
October 2024
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, 33 Ursula Frank St, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- - On January 31, 2023, British Columbia implemented a three-year exemption from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, allowing adults to possess up to 2.5 grams of specific unregulated drugs, aiming to reduce the harms associated with drug criminalization and overdose deaths.
- - A study involving 100 telephone interviews was conducted to assess drug users' awareness of the new policy and its effects on their drug use and overdose risks; while many were aware of the policy, some misconceptions existed, and participants indicated a need for better information dissemination.
- - Participants reported that most of their drug use habits did not change significantly, though some adjusted their behavior to stay within the legal limits; they acknowledged potential benefits of the policy, like
Risk Profile of Stalking in South Korea: Analyzing the First Year of Court Decisions Following Initial Legal Responses.
Trauma Violence Abuse
October 2024
Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.
Article Synopsis
- - South Korea enacted specific legislation to combat stalking on October 21, 2021, leading to the evaluation of 193 legal cases within the first year to analyze the risks and characteristics of stalking incidents.
- - The analysis focused on stalker and victim profiles, nature of their relationships, motivations behind stalking, and patterns of behavior, revealing that a significant portion of stalkers (16.6%) had mental disorders, primarily psychosis.
- - The majority of victims were around 43 years old, with more females than males affected, and most stalkers were ex-partners motivated by rejection, often using direct methods of contact rather than indirect approaches.
Health and wellbeing of survivors of sexual violence and abuse attending sexual assault referral centres in England: the MESARCH mixed-methods evaluation.
Health Soc Care Deliv Res
October 2024
Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Article Synopsis
- One million individuals in England and Wales face sexual violence annually, with only about 30,000 accessing supportive services through sexual assault referral centres.* -
- The study evaluated care pathways for survivors through a series of sub-studies, including interviews with service providers and survivors, and highlighted the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for mental health issues like PTSD and depression.* -
- Findings suggested that while sexual assault referral centres provide high-quality care, certain groups, such as those facing domestic abuse and some ethnic minorities, are underrepresented, emphasizing the need for better inter-agency collaboration and support.*
Cognitive Trajectories and Associated Social and Behavioral Determinants Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Older Adults in the United States.
Gerontologist
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates cognitive trajectories among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic older adults, focusing on why some individuals develop Alzheimer's disease-related dementias while others maintain good cognitive health despite higher risks.
- Utilizing data from 1,322 non-Hispanic Black and 747 Hispanic adults aged 50 and older, researchers identified three cognitive trajectory classes (high, medium, low) and found a strong correlation between low cognition and cognitive impairment.
- Findings suggest that older age and rural schooling increase the likelihood of low cognition, whereas higher education decreases it; tailored interventions and further research are essential to address cognitive disparities in these populations.
Protective Factors Associated With Lower Likelihood of Injection Drug Use and Experiencing Overdose Among Incarcerated Women.
Womens Health Issues
November 2024
Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
Article Synopsis
- * Data from 900 incarcerated women with opioid use disorder were analyzed to identify individual, interpersonal, and community-level factors that help reduce the likelihood of high-risk behaviors.
- * Results reveal key protective factors at multiple levels—such as age, relationship dynamics, and treatment experiences—that can inform targeted prevention strategies for different stages of substance use.
Is cannabis a slippery slope? Associations between psychological dysfunctioning, other substance use, and impaired driving, in a sample of active cannabis users.
PLoS One
October 2024
MAIC/UniSC Road Safety Research Collaboration, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Cannabis use can lead to using other drugs and also affect how well people drive.
- A study with 200 cannabis users found that they often use other substances more than those who don't use cannabis.
- The researchers recommend teaching people how to control their actions to help keep roads safer from impaired driving.
Cognitive Impairment and Emotional Dysregulation in Offenders.
Psychiatr Danub
September 2024
ACLI - Social Pomotion Association, Via Salvatore de Renzi 22, Avellino, Italy,
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines the relationship between cognitive function and emotional dysregulation in psychiatric patients, including some who have committed family violence but are not in rehabilitation facilities.
- - Various assessments were used, including a rating scale for general impulsivity and evaluations of psychopathology, aberrant salience, and overall cognitive ability.
- - The research aims to gather insights on how these factors interact within this diverse group, which includes both facility residents and clinic-followed individuals.
Examining use of telehealth in jails: linking women to community OUD services.
BMC Womens Health
October 2024
Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 643 Maxwelton Court, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a critical health issue for women, especially those in the criminal legal system, and this study explores how telehealth can link incarcerated women to medication-assisted treatment upon their release.
- The research combines qualitative and quantitative methods to gather insights from treatment providers, recovery staff, and incarcerated women about the potential of telehealth in facilitating community services before release.
- Results indicate strong support for telehealth, as it helps maintain clinical engagement and allows women to discuss sensitive issues, thus enhancing access to treatment for their substance use disorders.