9,640 results match your criteria: "Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Epilepsy"

Microangiopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy with diffusion MRI alterations and cognitive decline.

Acta Neuropathol

October 2024

Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Department of Neuropathology, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • White matter changes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are linked to cognitive impairments and possible neurodegenerative processes, with a study examining surgical resections from 44 patients.
  • The research found increased arteriolosclerosis and alterations in microvascular structure, including reduced vessel size and higher pericyte coverage, particularly in deeper white matter, independent of age and linked to epilepsy duration.
  • Additionally, there were significant changes in glial and myelin cell densities, with gene expression analysis indicating stronger myelination reductions in patients with hippocampal sclerosis, highlighting a relationship between imaging abnormalities and cognitive decline.
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Long-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation on EEG aperiodic components in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

September 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 50 Xiang Shan Yi-Ke-Song Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China.

Background: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one-third of epilepsy patients who do not achieve adequate seizure control with medication. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive therapy for DRE, but its long-term effects on cortical excitability remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the long-term effects of VNS on electroencephalography (EEG) aperiodic components in patients with DRE.

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Article Synopsis
  • Subcortical brain structures play a crucial role in various disorders, and a study analyzed the genetic basis of brain volumes in nearly 75,000 individuals of European ancestry, revealing 254 loci linked to these volumes.
  • The research identified significant gene expression in neural cells, relating to brain aging and signaling, and found that polygenic scores could predict brain volumes across different ancestries.
  • The study highlights genetic connections between brain volumes and conditions like Parkinson's disease and ADHD, suggesting specific gene expression patterns could be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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  • People with neurodegenerative disorders often experience delays and misdiagnosis, making it important to find effective diagnostic tools.
  • This study compared levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among individuals with neurodegenerative disorders (ND), primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), and healthy controls, showing that plasma NfL was significantly elevated in ND.
  • The research indicates that plasma NfL has strong diagnostic performance, especially in younger individuals, suggesting it could serve as a useful screening test to differentiate between ND and PPD in clinical settings.
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Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) encoded by ATP2B genes have been implicated in Mendelian diseases with ataxia, dystonia, and intellectual disability. Work to date has shown that ATP2B2 (encoding PMCA2) is required for synaptic function and Purkinje-cell integrity in the cerebellum. A recent case series has linked ATP2B2 to a novel entity, characterized by neurodevelopmental and movement phenotypes, in only seven individuals.

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Biallelic variants in ERLIN1: a series of 13 individuals with spastic paraparesis.

Hum Genet

November 2024

APHP Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Hôpital Trousseau, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, ERN-ITHACA, 47-83 Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.

Biallelic variants in the ERLIN1 gene were recently reported as the cause of two motor neuron degeneration diseases, SPG62 and a recessive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, only 12 individuals from five pedigrees have been identified so far. Thus, the description of the disease remains limited.

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Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition requiring effective management with minimal adverse effects. Lacosamide (LCM) and Perampanel (PER), two promising treatments, have distinct profiles that merit comparative analysis to guide clinical decision-making.

Methods: This study utilizes a pharmacovigilance analysis of adverse events reported in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database from Q1 2009 to Q3 2023.

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Background: X-linked intellectual disability-hypotonic facies syndrome-1 (MRXHF1) and Alpha-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATR-X) syndrome are caused by pathogenic variant in the ATRX gene, a member of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI-SNF) protein family that exhibits chromatin remodeling activity. These syndromes show a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, such as distinctive dysmorphic features, mild-to-profound intellectual disability, motor development delay, seizures, urogenital abnormalities, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Case Presentation And Literature Review: A 3-year-old boy from a Chinese non-consanguineous family was diagnosed with MRXHF1 by whole-exome sequencing.

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BACKGROUND X-PROLYL AMINOPEPTIDASE 3: (XPNPEP3) mutations are known to cause nephronophthisis-like nephropathy-1 (NPHPL1), a rare autosomal-recessive kidney disease characterized by progressive kidney failure and cystic kidney disease in childhood. The full phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations in XPNPEP3 is not fully elucidated. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old Chinese female patient with intellectual disability presented with a 2-year history of convulsions and fatigue, with a recent episode of swelling, breathlessness, and nocturnal dyspnea lasting 10 days.

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Beyond the Liver: Neurologic Manifestations of Alcohol Use.

Clin Liver Dis

November 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, 1400 West 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Division of Hepatology, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, 1315 South Cliff Avenue, Suite 1200 Plaza 3, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Alcohol use not only harms the liver but also significantly affects the nervous system, often mimicking hepatic encephalopathy, making diagnosis challenging.
  • It disrupts neurotransmitter balance, especially between gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, and chronic use, along with thiamine deficiency, leads to long-term neurological issues.
  • Alcohol-related neurological disorders range from acute symptoms like intoxication and withdrawal to chronic conditions such as Korsakoff syndrome, dementia, and peripheral neuropathy, emphasizing the need for careful diagnosis through medical history and exams.
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  • Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare brain tumor first reported in 1979, mostly found in the temporoparietal lobe, and it usually has a good outcome.
  • The most common symptoms are seizures, but about 50-78% of patients may also have psychiatric issues like anxiety, depression, or even schizophrenia-like symptoms.
  • A recent case involved a 26-year-old man who had seizures and schizophrenia-like psychosis for 5 years; after surgery, his condition improved, showing how important surgery can be for this type of tumor.
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Article Synopsis
  • * The study involved 3,691 adult patients who completed a sleep disorder screener and were assessed for psychiatric conditions using established diagnostic methods.
  • * Results show a strong association between sleep disorders in ADHD patients and comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, substance use disorder, personality disorders, and PTSD, highlighting the need for systematic screening to improve treatment approaches.
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Voltage Gated Ion Channels and Sleep.

J Membr Biol

December 2024

Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

Ion channels are integral components of the nervous system, playing a pivotal role in shaping membrane potential, neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and plasticity. Dysfunction in these channels, such as improper expression or localization, can lead to irregular neuronal excitability and synaptic communication, which may manifest as various behavioral abnormalities, including disrupted rest-activity cycles. Research has highlighted the significant impact of voltage gated ion channels on sleep parameters, influencing sleep latency, duration and waveforms.

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Article Synopsis
  • Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder linked to deletions of the 22q13 region, particularly affecting the SHANK3 gene, leading to various developmental challenges like intellectual disabilities and autism.
  • Researchers conducted a study using the PMS International Registry to analyze clinical and genetic data from 401 individuals to understand how the size of deletions affects their clinical features.
  • Findings revealed that larger deletions were associated with more severe developmental delays and physical issues, while individuals with smaller deletions or specific SHANK3 variants tended to show better self-help and verbal skills along with various psychiatric diagnoses.
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Article Synopsis
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to serious neurological issues, including developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, which is rare in infants.
  • A case study presented an 11-month-old girl experiencing severe seizures and developmental delays caused by a mutation in the FUT2 gene that affects vitamin B12 absorption.
  • Following diagnosis, she was treated with intramuscular hydroxocobalamin, highlighting the importance of identifying genetic causes of vitamin deficiencies in similar cases.
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Tremor-Dominant Movement Disorder in Associated KBG Syndrome.

Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)

September 2024

Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • * A case study of a 24-year-old patient revealed they had a significant tremor disorder, including various types of tremors and additional symptoms like muscle stiffness and coordination issues, alongside some developmental delays and epilepsy.
  • * This case underscores the importance of recognizing movement disorders in KBG syndrome, suggesting that genetic testing for pathogenic variants should be considered when diagnosing tremor-related conditions.
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Proper maintenance of intracellular vesicular pH is essential for cargo trafficking during synaptic function and plasticity. Mutations in the SLC9A6 gene encoding the recycling endosomal pH regulator (Na, K)/H exchanger isoform 6 (NHE6) are causal for Christianson syndrome (CS), a severe form of X-linked intellectual disability. NHE6 expression is also downregulated in other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting its dysfunction could contribute more broadly to the pathophysiology of other neurological conditions.

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Neurological outcomes in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia: challenges in a developing country.

Arq Neuropsiquiatr

September 2024

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the outcomes of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the frequency of epilepsy, neurological issues, and developmental delays at 12 months of age.
  • - Findings revealed that 18.2% of patients experienced epilepsy, 40.9% had altered neurological exams, and 36.4% showed neurodevelopmental delays, confirming that TH does not eliminate adverse outcomes.
  • - The research highlights challenges like limited access to imaging exams and a significant loss to follow-up, suggesting the need for better resource allocation and early interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent focal seizures originating in the temporal lobe. Despite the variety of antiseizure drugs currently available to treat TLE, about 30% of cases continue to have seizures. The etiology of TLE is complex and multifactorial.

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Expanding the Spectrum of Autosomal Dominant -Related Disease: Case Report and Literature Review.

Genes (Basel)

September 2024

Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.

Article Synopsis
  • Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are disorders that can be caused by new mutations in a specific gene, leading to different symptoms, from severe conditions to milder ones like autism.
  • A case study of a six-year-old boy showed he had a new mutation in that gene, but he did not develop epilepsy and had a normal brain scan over five years.
  • This case helps us understand that not everyone with mutations in this gene will have serious problems, which is important for doctors to know when diagnosing developmental delays.
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Article Synopsis
  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a condition linked to epilepsy and cognitive challenges, and recent studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) aim to explore how it affects brain structure in adults with and without epilepsy.* -
  • The research involved 37 TSC patients, split into those with epilepsy and those without, compared to a matched control group, utilizing MRI DTI to analyze white matter integrity.* -
  • The findings revealed significant differences in white matter abnormalities between patients with TSC and epilepsy versus those without, with the former group showing more extensive and severe changes in their brain structure.*
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Association of Seizure Foci and Location of Tau and Amyloid Deposition and Brain Atrophy in Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Seizures.

Neurology

November 2024

From the Department of Neurology (A.D.L., S.H., K.R.P., A.V., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Harvard Medical School (A.D.L., A.V., S.B., R.A. Sarkis, H.L.J., K.A.J., R.A. Sperling), Boston; Department of Radiology (E.G.T., D.V.M., H.L.J., K.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (E.J.S.), Milford Regional Medical Center; Department of Neurology (S.B.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston; and Department of Neurology (R.A.Sarkis, R.A.Sperling), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Background And Objectives: Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of developing late-onset focal epilepsy, yet it remains unclear how development of focal epilepsy in AD is related to AD pathology. The objective of this study was to examine spatial relationships between the epileptogenic zone and tau deposition, amyloid deposition, and brain atrophy in individuals with AD who developed late-onset, otherwise unexplained focal epilepsy. We hypothesized that if network hyperexcitability is mechanistically linked to AD pathology, then there would be increased tau and amyloid deposition within the epileptogenic hemisphere.

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[Sleep in chronic neuropediatric diseases].

Medicina (B Aires)

September 2024

Unidad Académica de Neuropediatría, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail:

The prevalence of sleep disorders (SD) is notoriously increased in children with chronic neurological disease, with a negative bidirectional link that aggravates their symptomatology and has a negative impact on the quality of life of the child and their families. Identifying and recognizing this association is key for the child neurologist since the treatment of SD significantly improves daytime symptomatology in neurodevelopmental disorders, epilepsy, primary headaches, cerebral palsy and neuromuscular diseases.

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[Autism: associated medical conditions].

Medicina (B Aires)

September 2024

Fundación Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:

Autism will accompany people throughout life with variations in its evolution and is frequently associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, motor clumsiness, language disorder), neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, catatonia), epilepsy, sleep disorders, gastrointestinal disorders. In addition to the disorders typical of autism, we must consider an entire range of conditions, since their identification and adequate treatment will allow a better quality-of-life for people with autism. In 35% of cases, we can identify neurogenetic conditions which will allow us to prevent or identify associated medical entities.

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Article Synopsis
  • Antiseizure medications (ASMs) like levetiracetam and valproic acid may cause psychiatric side effects, including increased anger, ADHD symptoms, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in children and adolescents with epilepsy.
  • * This study aimed to analyze how these two medications affect behavioral and emotional changes in young patients over a 6-month period, using structured psychiatric assessments.
  • * Results revealed that both medications significantly increased ADHD symptoms after treatment, highlighting the need for careful drug selection to minimize psychiatric issues during epilepsy treatment.
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