Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice via the Modulation of NF-B and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathways.

This study aims to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of modified Gegen Qinlian decoction (MGQD) in relieving ulcerative colitis (UC). C57BL/6J mice were used to establish experimental colitis via dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), spleen weight, colon length, and histopathologic features were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MGQD on mice with UC.

Extracellular matrix shapes cancer stem cell behavior in breast cancer: a mini review.

Today, cancer has become one of the leading global tragedies. It occurs when a small number of cells in the body mutate, causing some of them to evade the body's immune system and proliferate uncontrollably. Even more irritating is the fact that patients with cancers frequently relapse after conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to additional suffering.

Key considerations based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic in the design of antibody-drug conjugates.

Background: Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is an anticancer drug that links toxins to specifically targeted antibodies via linkers, offering the advantages of high target specificity and high cytotoxicity. However, complexity of its structural composition poses a greater difficulty for drug design studies.

Objectives: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) based consideration of ADCs has increasingly become a hot research topic for optimal drug design in recent years, providing possible ideas for obtaining ADCs with desirable properties.

High-risk adverse events in two types of single inhaler triple-therapy: a pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.

Objective: Single inhaler triple therapy is widely used in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma. This research aimed to analyze adverse events (AEs) associated with Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate (BUD/GLY/FOR) and Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study.

Exploring the role of metabolic pathways in TNBC immunotherapy: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.

The article provides an overview of the current understanding of the interplay between metabolic pathways and immune function in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). It highlights recent advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics technologies, which have revolutionized the analysis of tumor heterogeneity and the immune microenvironment in TNBC. The review emphasizes the crucial role of metabolic reprogramming in modulating immune cell function, discussing how specific metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, can directly impact the activity and phenotypes of various immune cell populations within the TNBC tumor microenvironment.

Development and validation of a prediction model for coronary heart disease risk in depressed patients aged 20 years and older using machine learning algorithms.

Background: Depression is being increasingly acknowledged as an important risk factor contributing to coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, there is no predictive model specifically designed to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease among individuals with depression. We aim to develop a machine learning (ML) model that will analyze risk factors and forecast the probability of coronary heart disease in individuals suffering from depression.

Magnesium ions regulate the Warburg effect to promote the differentiation of enteric neural crest cells into neurons.

Background: Understanding how enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) differentiate into neurons is crucial for neurogenesis therapy and gastrointestinal disease research. This study explores how magnesium ions regulate the glycolytic pathway to enhance ENCCs differentiation into neurons.

Materials And Methods: We used polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, and multielectrode array techniques to assess magnesium ions' impact on ENCCs differentiation.

Development a glycosylated extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA Signature for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the lack of non-invasive early detection tools, which significantly impacts patient prognosis. Given that glycosylation alterations especially high sialylation and fucosylation, frequently occur during cellular malignant transformation, but their roles are not elucidated. We examined alterations in disease-specific glycosylated extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived miRNAs in the serum of ESCC patients, evaluating their utility as diagnostic biomarkers.

Improved diagnosis of small cervical lymph node metastasis using postvascular phase perfluorobutane CEUS in cancer patients.

Background: Accurate identification of small metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) remains a significant challenge with conventional ultrasound (US) due to its limitations in sensitivity for smaller LNs. The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), especially with perfluorobutane in the postvascular phase of CEUS, may improve the diagnosis of metastatic LNs in cancer patients. We sought to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the postvascular phase of CEUS with perfluorobutane in identifying suspected small cervical LNs in cancer patients.

Construction and evaluation of a triage assessment model for patients with acute non-traumatic chest pain: mixed retrospective and prospective observational study.

Background: Acute non-traumatic chest pain is one of the common complaints in the emergency department and is closely associated with fatal disease. Triage assessment urgently requires the use of simple, rapid tools to screen patients with chest pain for high-risk condition to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: After data preprocessing and feature selection, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential predictors associated with acute non-traumatic chest pain.

Prognostic significance of peripheral blood biomarkers in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab-a polish multicenter, observational study.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) showing promising results. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies, emphasizing the need for reliable, easily assessable biomarkers. This multicenter study involved 116 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI across nine oncology centers in Poland.

Jinbei oral liquid for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation known as Jinbei Oral Liquid (JBOL) consists of 12 herbs, including Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf, et al.

[Short-term effectiveness of uni-portal non-coaxial spinal endoscopic surgery via crossing midline approach in treatment of free lumbar disc herniation].

Objective: To investigate the short-term effectiveness of uni-portal non-coaxial spinal endoscopic surgery (UNSES) via crossing midline approach (CMA) in the treatment of free lumbar disc herniation (FLDH).

Methods: Between March 2024 and June 2024, 16 patients with FLDH were admitted and treated with UNSES via CMA. There were 9 males and 7 females with an average age of 55.

Regulatory Mechanisms of Signaling Pathways in Liver Cancer Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a longstanding therapeutic approach, offers unique advantages and potential in the treatment of liver cancer. Recent studies have highlighted its role in preventing liver cancer progression by modulating key signaling pathways. TCM's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms of action have garnered significant attention in the medical community for their ability to address complex diseases like liver cancer.

Immunoglobulin E, the potential accelerator of comorbid psoriasis and atherosclerosis.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is a key mediator in the induction and maintenance of allergic inflammation, characterized by a Th2-dominated immune response. Recently epidemiological studies have showed that elevated serum total IgE levels or an increased abundance of mast cells (MCs) at the lesion site are observed in psoriatic patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis. Although the underlying mechanisms by which IgE synergizing with MCs in promoting these chronic immune-inflammatory diseases remain unclear, the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis appears to play a crucial role in comorbidity of psoriasis and atherosclerosis.

A non-inferiority randomized controlled study of Perampanel versus Oxcarbazepine monotherapy for post-stroke epilepsy.

Background: Post-stroke epilepsy (PSE) poses a significant challenge despite advances in stroke treatment. This study compares the efficacy of the novel anti-seizure medication (ASM) Perampanel with the classical ASM Oxcarbazepine in treating PSE.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial recruited PSE patients from September 2022 to January 2024 across multiple hospitals.

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and its Risk Factors, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major global health challenge, necessitating up-to-date data on its burden for effective care planning and resource allocation. This study comprehensively analyzes the global, regional, and national CVD burden and associated risks from 1990 to 2021.

Methods And Results: We performed a secondary analysis of CVD burden and risk factors using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Improved Black Phosphorus Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Bone Defect Repairing: Mechanisms for Advancing Osteogenesis.

Bone defects caused by fractures and diseases often do not heal spontaneously. They require external agents for repair and regeneration. Bone tissue engineering is emerging as a promising alternative to traditional therapies like autografts and allografts.

Rat models of postintracerebral hemorrhage pneumonia induced by nasal inoculation with or intratracheal inoculation with LPS.

Background: A stable and reproducible experimental bacterial pneumonia model postintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is necessary to help investigating the pathogenesis and novel treatments of Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP).

Aim: To establish a Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia-complicating ICH rat model and an acute lung injury (ALI)-complicating ICH rat model.

Methods: We established two standardized models of post-ICH pneumonia by nasal inoculation with () or intratracheal inoculation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Therapeutic potential of short-chain fatty acids for acute lung injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical animal studies.

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from the fermentation of dietary fiber by intestinal commensal bacteria, have demonstrated protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models. However, the findings have shown variability across different studies. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of these treatments and their consistency.

Elucidating the causal relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy in European patients: Revelations from genome-wide bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis.

Objective: Previous observational studies suggest a potential link between gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy. However, the exact causal relationship among these factors remains unclear.

Method: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from the IEU OpenGWAS Project database to investigate gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy.

Preparation of oat galactolipid and anti-liver cancer effects of oat galactolipid-modified curcumin-loaded liver targeting vesicle.

Introduction: The mortality rate for liver cancer is extremely high but clinical treatments have not made much progress, so it is necessary to develop anticancer agents with lower toxicities and more effective liver-targeting drug delivery systems (LTDDSs). At present, LTDDSs mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) show excellent effects at improving the liver-targeting and antitumor effects of drugs. However, the galactosyl ligands are typically prepared by chemical synthesis and have some shortcomings.

The role of PCBP1 in carbon ion-induced ferroptosis and inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma proliferation.

Objective: To investigate the role of PCBP1 in the inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma proliferation by carbon irradiation.

Methods: A549 cells were irradiated with different doses of carbon ions to observe clonal survival and detect changes in cell proliferation. Whole transcriptome sequencing and the Illumina platform were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in A549 cells after carbon ion irradiation.