The pivotal role of osteopontin in UV-induced skin inflammation in a mouse model.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a pro-inflammatory protein that influences bone remodelling, wound healing, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and skin diseases such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis and skin cancer. However, the role of OPN in the skin remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of OPN in the skin, particularly in the context of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced inflammation.

Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 2 Contributes to Increased Allergic and Irritant Inflammation in Mice.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is an important chemical mediator in the field of inflammation, but its function in the skin is unclear. To unravel the role of PAF, we focused on lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2 also called LPLAT9), a biosynthetic enzyme involved in PAF production, and investigated the role of PAF in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD). We measured the amount of PAF in the skin and investigated the ear swelling responses and leukocyte infiltration into the skin following the application of 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) or croton oil in wild-type (WT) and LPCAT2 knockout (LPCAT2-KO) mice.

Functions of Langerhans cells in diisononyl phthalate-aggravated allergic contact dermatitis.

Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), a widely-used plasticizer, is associated with the development of allergic diseases including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Langerhans cells (LCs) are reported to be involved in the sensitization phase of ACD. However, the effect of skin DINP exposure on ACD in C57BL/6 mice and the functions of LCs remain unclear.

Decoy oligodeoxynucleotides: A promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin disorders.

Chronic inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) impose a significant burden on both the skin and the overall well-being of individuals, leading to a diminished quality of life. Despite the use of conventional treatments like topical steroids, there remains a need for more effective and safer therapeutic options to improve the lives of patients with severe skin conditions. Molecular therapy has emerged as a promising approach to address disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact hypersensitivity.

Paederus Dermatitis: Two Outbreaks of an Entomologic Disease in Austere Expeditionary Care.

Paederus dermatitis, also known as dermatitis linearis, is an acute cutaneous condition caused by contact with the potent vesicant toxin paederin, produced by endosymbiotic Pseudomonas-like bacteria within Paederus spp. beetles. Paederin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that halts cell division, leading to vesiculation and necrotic breakdown of the epidermis.

Allergic potential & molecular mechanism of skin sensitization of cinnamaldehyde under environmental UVB exposure.

Fragrance, a key ingredient in cosmetics, often triggers skin allergy causes rashes, itching, dryness, and cracked or scaly skin. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), derived from the bark of the cinnamon tree, used as a fragrance and is a moderate skin sensitizer. CA exhibits strong UVB absorption, its allergic potential and the molecular mechanisms underlying skin sensitization under UVB exposure remain largely unexplored.

The value of patch testing with plants "as is" in diagnosing plant sensitization.

Background: The number of commercially available plant allergens/extracts is limited and therefore patch testing with fresh/dried plant material may be a necessary supplement in diagnosing plant allergy.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of patch testing with plants "as is" compared to patch testing with commercial and in-house produced plant test materials and to report on species eliciting positive patch test reactions.

Patients/materials/methods: Consecutive eczema patients, who were patch tested between January 2019 and December 2023 and who had at least one positive reaction to a plant allergen and/or extract and/or plant "as is" were included in the study.

Periostracum Cicadae exhibits immunosuppressive effects on dendritic cells and contact hypersensitivity responses.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Periostracum Cicadae (PC), the molted exoskeleton of the cicada Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius, is frequently employed in Chinese herbal medicine. Based on traditional therapies and pharmacological studies, PC appears to have immunomodulatory activity. However, the specific impact of PC on immunomodulation, particularly its effect on dendritic cells (DCs), remains unknown.

Updating Reaction Mechanistic Domains for Skin Sensitization: 1. Nucleophilic Skin Sensitizers.

It has long been recognized that skin sensitizers either are electrophilic or can be activated to electrophilic species. Several nonanimal assays for skin sensitization are based on this premise. In the course of a project to update dermal sensitization thresholds (DST), we found a substantial number of sensitizers, with no electrophilic or pro-electrophilic alerts, that could be simply explained in terms of the sensitizer acting as a nucleophile.