Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded.

Enabling icIEF Peak Identification of AAV Capsid Proteins by Fractionation on MauriceFlex and Subsequent Analysis by LC-MS.

A significant limitation of imaged capillary electric focusing (icIEF) is the inability to identify and characterize specific species in the electropherogram. This has led to the development of complementary ion-exchange chromatography (IEX)-based methods that are amenable to either fraction collection and subsequent characterization or online IEX coupled to mass spectrometry. To overcome this limitation while maintaining the use of icIEF, novel approaches, including an icIEF separation and fractionation technology (MauriceFlex, ProteinSimple), have been developed.

'Splice-at-will' Cas12a crRNA engineering enabled direct quantification of ultrashort RNAs.

We present a robust 'splice-at-will' CRISPR RNA (crRNA) engineering mechanism that overcomes the limitations of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system in directly detecting ultrashort RNAs. In this strategy, an intact Cas12a crRNA can be split from almost any site of the spacer region to obtain a truncated crRNA (tcrRNA) that cannot activate Cas12a even after binding an auxiliary DNA activator. While splicing tcrRNAs with a moiety of ultrashort RNA, the formed combination can work together to activate Cas12a efficiently, enabling 'splice-at-will' crRNA engineering.

UPLC-MS/MS Method for Givinostat in Rat Plasma: Development, Validation, in vivo Pharmacokinetics Study and in vitro Metabolic Stability Research.

Background: Givinostat, a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is promising for the treatment of relapsed leukemia and myeloma.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and verify a quick assay for the measurement of givinostat concentration using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with eliglustat as the internal standard (IS), establishing a basic pharmacokinetic profile for its pre-clinical application and metabolic stability in vitro.

Methods: Sample preparation was performed via protein precipitation using acetonitrile.

Production, Isolation, and Characterization of Stable Isotope-Labeled Standards for Mass Spectrometric Measurements of Oxidatively-Damaged Nucleosides in RNA.

RNA undergoes oxidatively induced damage in living organisms analogous to DNA. RNA is even more vulnerable to damage than DNA due to its greater abundance, single-strandedness, lack of repair and chromatin proteins shield, and instability, among other effects. RNA damage can adversely affect gene expression, leading to protein synthesis alterations, cell death, and other detrimental biological consequences.

Revealing Unpredicted Aspartic Acid Isomerization Hotspots by Probing Diagnostic Fragmentation Propensities in Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry.

Isomerization of aspartic acid residues is a relevant degradation pathway of protein biopharmaceuticals as it can impair their biological activity. However, the in silico prediction of isomerization hotspots and their consequences remains ambiguous and misleading. We have previously shown that all ion differential analysis (AiDA) of middle-down spectra can be used to reveal diagnostic terminal and internal fragments with more sensitivity than the conventional fragment ion mass matching methodology.

Endoscopic surgery for multilevel spinal stenosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of uniportal and biportal approaches.

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) has shown promising results, and endoscopic spine surgery has emerged as a less invasive approach. Although studies have examined the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for spinal stenosis, no meta-analyses have focused on multilevel cases. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of uniportal and biportal endoscopy in patients with multilevel spinal stenosis.

Proteomic analysis reveals the roles of silicon in mitigating glyphosate-induced toxicity in Brassica napus L.

Glyphosate (Gly) is a widely used herbicide for weed control in agriculture, but it can also adversely affect crops by impairing growth, reducing yield, and disrupting nutrient uptake, while inducing toxicity. Therefore, adopting integrated eco-friendly approaches and understanding the mechanisms of glyphosate tolerance in plants is crucial, as these areas remain underexplored. This study provides proteome insights into Si-mediated improvement of Gly-toxicity tolerance in Brassica napus.

Nano-Phase Separation and Analyte Binding in Aptasensors Investigated by Nano-IR Spectroscopy.

Biosensors based on DNA aptamer receptors are increasingly used in diagnostic applications. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of aptasensors, parameters affecting the stability and binding efficiency of the receptor layer need to be identified and studied. For example, the blocking step, i.

Thymelaea hirsuta extract attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats: Effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most prominent diseases of the aged men urinary system. It is associated with cellular proliferation, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Traditionally, Thymelaea hirsuta (L.

Effect of the operational parameters on the electromigration of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary gel electrophoresis in the presence of propidium iodide fluorescent dye.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS-CGE) is a frequently used analytical technique in size-based separation of proteins, playing a vital role in the biopharmaceutical industry for the analysis and characterization of therapeutic proteins, employing both UV and fluorescent detection. Understanding the effect of the operational parameters using easily applicable in migratio fluorescent labeling is increasingly critical, especially because multicapillary electrophoresis systems with fluorescent detection have recently gained prominence in high-throughput biopolymer analysis. In this study, the effects of the three most important user-adjustable operational parameters (temperature, gel concentration, and electric field strength) were investigated on the electrophoretic mobility and resolution of SDS-protein complexes in the presence of propidium iodide in the gel-buffer system.

Use of SGLT2i in Non-Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: The potential anti-proteinuric effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is of special interest in kidney transplantation. Its benefits have been demonstrated in diabetic kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We analyzed the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in non-diabetic KTRs collecting clinical and analytical data at baseline and 6 months after the introduction of the drug.

Comparative Analysis of Empty and Full Adeno-Associated Viruses under Stressed Conditions by Anion-Exchange Chromatography, Analytical Ultracentrifugation, and Mass Photometry.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as a promising gene delivery vehicle for the treatment of diseases. As AAVs are a complex therapeutic modality, new analytical techniques are needed to thoroughly characterize the critical quality attributes (CQAs) to support drug development. Empty and full ratio is one of the CQAs of AAVs that may impact drug safety and efficacy.

Mechanism of low molecular weight impurity formation in an IgG1 monoclonal antibody formulation.

Formulation robustness study was performed for a biosimilar monoclonal antibody (IgG1) manufactured at Dr. Reddy's Laboratory, where the pH and concentration level of excipients in the drug product formulation were systematically varied from the target formulation. It was observed that the IgG1 formulation having relatively low pH and high citrate (buffer salt) concentration were predisposed to the formation of low molecular weight impurities.

Target-regulated AgS/FeOOH heterojunction activity: a direct label-free photoelectrochemical immunosensor.

Myoglobin (Mb), an important cardiac marker, plays a crucial role in diagnosing, monitoring, and evaluating the condition of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Here, we propose a label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for the detection of Mb through target regulated the photoactivity of AgS/FeOOH heterojunction. The AgS/FeOOH nanospindles were synthesized and served as a sensing platform for the fabrication of bio-recognized process for Mb.

Association Between Serum Levels of Sestrin-2 and Galectin-3 and Atrial Remodelling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Objective: To explore the prognostic significance of Sestrin-2 and Galectin-3 levels in atrial fibrillation complicated by left atrial remodelling, aiming to offer novel insights for prevention, treatment, and follow-up strategies.

Study Design: Analytical study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Cardiology, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, China, from January 2021 to December 2023.

A multi-tissue longitudinal proteomics study to evaluate the suitability of post-mortem samples for pathophysiological research.

Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have established it as a robust tool for system-wide analyses essential for pathophysiological research. While post-mortem samples are a critical source for these studies, our understanding of how body decomposition influences the proteome remains limited. Here, we have revisited published data and conducted a clinically relevant time-course experiment in mice, revealing organ-specific proteome regulation after death, with only a fraction of these changes linked to protein autolysis.

Single-cell RNA flow cytometry to assess intratumoral production of cytokines/chemokines.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of complex interactions between cellular and extracellular components, among which the immune system is known to play an integral role in disease progression and response to therapy. Cytokines and chemokines are cell signaling proteins used by immune cells to communicate with each other as well as with other cell types in the body. These proteins control systemic and local immune responses and levels of cytokines/chemokines in the TME have been associated with tumor outcomes.

Representative training data sets are critical for accurate machine-learning classification of microscopy images of particles formed by lipase-catalyzed polysorbate hydrolysis.

Polysorbate 20 (PS20) is commonly used as an excipient in therapeutic protein formulations. However, over the course of a therapeutic protein product's shelf life, minute amounts of co-purified host-cell lipases may cause slow hydrolysis of PS20, releasing fatty acids (FAs). These FAs may precipitate to form subvisible particles that can be detected and imaged by various techniques, e.

Uptake, growth, and oxidative stress responses of Rhizophora mucronata (Poir. in Lam.) propagules exposed to high-density polyethylene microplastics.

The plastic revolution's contribution to global pollution gives rise to microplastics (MPs), bearing a toll on the marine environment. Knowledge of mangrove exposure to MPs causing adverse effects has yet to be elucidated. Hence, the physiological responses of R.

Recent emerging trends in dendrimer research: Electrochemical sensors and their multifaceted applications in biomedical fields or healthcare.

Dendrimers enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of sensors through their synthetic, highly branched, three-dimensional structures and large surface area. This unique architecture enables precise functionalization with various recognition elements, significantly improving the specificity and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors for detecting disease markers, biomolecules, and environmental pollutants. Dendrimer-based electrochemical sensors offer promising advancements in healthcare, such as detecting biomarkers for heart disease, monitoring blood glucose levels, and sensitively determining cancer-related proteins.

Dual-targeting inhibitors involving tubulin for the treatment of cancer.

Combination therapies play a pivotal role in cancer treatment due to the intricate nature of the disease. Tubulin, a protein crucial for cellular functions, is a prime target in tumor therapy as it regulates microtubule dynamics. Combining tubulin inhibitors with other different inhibitors as dual targeting inhibitors has shown synergistic anti-tumor effects, amplifying therapeutic outcomes.

Anti-colorectal cancer actions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and its underlying mechanism via HPLC integration and network pharmacological approaches.

Background: The therapeutic and prognostic outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unsatisfactory. Among multiple reported bioactive functionalities of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. one vital recently reported activity is its therapeutic role against numerous cancers but limited information is available related to its underlying key mechanisms and therapeutically active ingredients, especially against CRC treatment.

Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of polymyxins and caspofungin in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Objective: To develop a rapid, convenient, accurate, and low-residual-effect ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of polymyxin B sulfate and colistin sulfate in the blood of patients with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, as well as caspofungin acetate in the blood of patients with fungal infections, thus facilitating the rational use of antibiotics in clinical applications.

Methods: All analytes were diluted with 0.2 % aqueous formic acid, and plasma proteins were precipitated using acetonitrile.

Evidence for Endogenous Collagen in Fossil Bone.

Reports of proteins in fossilized bones have been a subject of controversy in the scientific literature because it is assumed that fossilization results in the destruction of all organic components. In this paper, a novel combination of analytical techniques is used to address this question for an exceptionally well-preserved sacrum excavated from the Upper Cretaceous strata of the South Dakota Hell Creek Formation. Cross-polarized light microscopy (XPol) shows birefringence consistent with collagen presence.