2,618 results match your criteria: "Progress in neurobiology[Journal]"

Cyto-, gene, and multireceptor architecture of the early postnatal mouse hippocampal complex.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.

Neurotransmitter receptors are key molecules in signal transmission in the adult brain, and their precise spatial and temporal balance expressions also play a critical role in normal brain development. However, the specific balance expression of multiple receptors during hippocampal development is not well characterized. In this study, we used quantitative in vivo receptor autoradiography to measure the distributions and densities of 18 neurotransmitter receptor types in the mouse hippocampal complex at postnatal day 7, and compared them with the expressions of their corresponding encoding genes.

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The primate putamen processes cognitive flexibility alongside the caudate and ventral striatum with similar speeds of updating values.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

The putamen is thought to generate habitual actions by processing value information relayed from the ventral striatum through the caudate nucleus. However, it is a question what value the putamen neurons process and whether the putamen receives serially processed value through the striatal structures. We found that neurons in the primate putamen, caudate, and ventral striatum selectively encoded flexibly updated values for adaptive behaviors with similar learning speeds, rather than stably sustained values for habit.

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How does the brain track and process rapidly changing sensory information? Current computational accounts suggest that our sensations and decisions arise from the intricate interplay between bottom-up sensory signals and constantly changing expectations regarding the statistics of the surrounding world. A significant focus of recent research is determining which statistical properties are tracked by the brain as it monitors the rapid progression of sensory information. Here, by combining EEG (three experiments N ≥ 22 each) and computational modelling, we examined how the brain processes rapid and stochastic sound sequences that simulate key aspects of dynamic sensory environments.

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Prefrontal excitation/inhibition balance supports adolescent enhancements in circuit signal to noise ratio.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address:

The development and refinement of neuronal circuitry allow for stabilized and efficient neural recruitment, supporting adult-like behavioral performance. During adolescence, the maturation of PFC is proposed to be a critical period (CP) for executive function, driven by a break in balance between glutamatergic excitation and GABAergic inhibition (E/I) neurotransmission. During CPs, cortical circuitry fine-tunes to improve information processing and reliable responses to stimuli, shifting from spontaneous to evoked activity, enhancing the SNR, and promoting neural synchronization.

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Microproteins encoded by short open reading frames: Vital regulators in neurological diseases.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China. Electronic address:

Short open reading frames (sORFs) are frequently overlooked because of their historical classification as non-coding elements or dismissed as "transcriptional noise". However, advanced genomic and proteomic technologies have allowed for screening and validating sORFs-encoded peptides, revealing their fundamental regulatory roles in cellular processes and sparking a growing interest in microprotein biology. In neuroscience, microproteins serve as neurotransmitters in signal transmission and regulate metabolism and emotions, exerting pivotal effects on neurological conditions such as nerve injury, neurogenic tumors, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.

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The chronic activation of immune cells can participate in the development of pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In recent years, compelling evidence indicates that purinergic signaling plays a key role in neuro-immune cell functions. The extracellular release of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and its breakdown products (ADP and adenosine) provide the versatile basis for complex purinergic signaling through the activation of several families of receptors.

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CB receptors in NG2 cells mediate cannabinoid-evoked functional myelin regeneration.

Prog Neurobiol

December 2024

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid 28040, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28049, Spain. Electronic address:

Defects in myelin homeostasis have been reported in many neuropathological conditions. Cannabinoid compounds have been shown to efficiently promote myelin regeneration in animal models of demyelination. However, it is still unknown whether this action relies mostly on a cell autonomous effect on oligodendroglial-lineage-NG2 cells.

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Functional and molecular alterations in the cerebellum are among the most widely recognised associates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). As a critical computational hub of the brain, the cerebellum controls and coordinates a range of motor, affective and cognitive processes. Despite well-described circuits and integrative mechanisms, specific changes that underlie cerebellar impairments in ASD remain elusive.

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Opposing effects of nicotine on hypothalamic arcuate nucleus POMC and NPY neurons.

Prog Neurobiol

November 2024

Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico. Electronic address:

The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) contains two main populations of neurons essential for energy homeostasis: neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, which are orexigenic and stimulate food intake, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which have an anorexigenic effect. Located near the blood-brain barrier, ARC neurons sense blood-borne signals such as leptin, insulin, and glucose. Exogenous substances, such as nicotine, can also alter ARC neuron activity and energy balance.

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Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor disfunction, seizures, intellectual disability, speech deficits, and autism-like behavior, showing high comorbidity with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is known that stimulation of the serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7R) can rescue some of the behavioral and neuroplasticity dysfunctions in animal models of Fragile X and Rett syndrome, two pathologies associated with ASD. In view of these observations, we hypothesised that alterations of 5-HT7R signalling might also be involved in AS.

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Manipulation of radixin phosphorylation in the nucleus accumbens core modulates risky choice behavior.

Prog Neurobiol

November 2024

Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins are actin-binding proteins that contribute to morphological changes in dendritic spines. Despite their significant role in regulating spine structure, the role of ERM proteins in the nucleus accumbnes (NAcc) is not well known, especially in in the context of risk-reward decision-making. Here, we measured the relationship between synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I ratio) from medium spiny neurons in the NAcc core obtained in the rat after a rat gambling task (rGT).

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ERO1A inhibition mitigates neuronal ER stress and ameliorates UBQLN2 phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster.

Prog Neurobiol

November 2024

Drosophila Centre for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • * Genetic suppression or inhibition of ERO1A in Drosophila models provided neuroprotection and increased lifespan under ER stress conditions.
  • * Using the inhibitor EN460 improved motor functions and NMJ structure in models of UBQLN2-related pathology, highlighting ERO1A's potential as a therapeutic target for ER stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Neuronal threshold functions: Determining symptom onset in neurological disorders.

Prog Neurobiol

November 2024

Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Synaptic networks determine brain function. Highly complex interconnected brain synaptic networks provide output even under fluctuating or pathological conditions. Relevant to the treatment of brain disorders, understanding the limitations of such functional networks becomes paramount.

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The role of frontopolar cortex in adjusting the balance between response execution and action inhibition in anthropoids.

Prog Neurobiol

October 2024

Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the role of the frontopolar cortex in managing the balance between executing actions and inhibiting them in both humans and macaque monkeys.
  • After conducting a stop-signal task, researchers found that damage to the frontopolar cortex in monkeys resulted in longer response times and reduced efficiency in adapting to errors, but did not affect their ability to inhibit actions.
  • The findings suggest that while the frontopolar cortex is crucial for optimizing response execution, it does not significantly influence action inhibition capabilities.
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Mnemonically modulated perceptual processing to represent allocentric space in macaque inferotemporal cortex.

Prog Neurobiol

October 2024

School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. Electronic address:

To encode allocentric space information of a viewing object, it is important to relate perceptual information in the first-person perspective to the representation of an entire scene which would be constructed before. A substantial number of studies investigated the constructed scene information (e.g.

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Multiple dimensions of syntactic structure are resolved earliest in posterior temporal cortex.

Prog Neurobiol

October 2024

Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address:

How we combine minimal linguistic units into larger structures remains an unresolved topic in neuroscience. Language processing involves the abstract construction of 'vertical' and 'horizontal' information simultaneously (e.g.

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Sparse representation of neurons for encoding complex sounds in the auditory cortex.

Prog Neurobiol

October 2024

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli NDI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

Listening in complex sound environments requires rapid segregation of different sound sources, e.g., having a conversation with multiple speakers or other environmental sounds.

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Distinct 5-HT receptor subtypes regulate claustrum excitability by serotonin and the psychedelic, DOI.

Prog Neurobiol

September 2024

University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Lexington, KY 40536, United States. Electronic address:

Recent evidence indicates that neuronal activity within the claustrum (CLA) may be central to cellular and behavioral responses to psychedelic hallucinogens. The CLA prominently innervates many cortical targets and displays exceptionally high levels of serotonin (5-HT) binding. However, the influence of serotonin receptors, prime targets of psychedelic drug action, on CLA activity remains unexplored.

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Naturalistic movies and encoding analysis define areal borders in marmoset third-tier visual cortex.

Prog Neurobiol

September 2024

Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

Accurate definition of the borders of cortical visual areas is essential for the study of neuronal processes leading to perception. However, data used for definition of areal boundaries have suffered from issues related to resolution, uniform coverage, or suitability for objective analysis, leading to ambiguity. Here, we present a novel approach that combines widefield optical imaging, presentation of naturalistic movies, and encoding model analysis, to objectively define borders in the primate extrastriate cortex.

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Our understanding of how otoferlin, the major calcium sensor in inner hair cells (IHCs) synaptic transmission, contributes to the overall dynamics of synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking remains limited. To address this question, we generated a knock-in mouse model expressing an otoferlin-GFP protein, where GFP was fused to its C-terminal transmembrane domain. Similar to the wild type protein, the GFP-tagged otoferlin showed normal expression and was associated with IHC SV.

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Orientation selectivity mapping in the visual cortex.

Prog Neurobiol

September 2024

Department of Neurosurgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China. Electronic address:

The orientation map is one of the most well-studied functional maps of the visual cortex. However, results from the literature are of different qualities. Clear boundaries among different orientation domains and blurred uncertain distinctions were shown in different studies.

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