Seed market dynamics and diffusion of new wheat varieties in Bihar, India: a supply-side perspective.

Unlabelled: An examination of the dynamics of seed markets in Bihar, India, reveals a paradox-despite an influx of wheat varieties bred by public and private sectors and the proliferation of seed market networks in rural villages, older wheat varieties remain prevalent-necessitating a thorough investigation of the seed distribution system. Unlike most empirical studies that examine the adoption of new and improved crop varieties from a farmer's perspective, our study shifts the focus to the seed supply side. We analyse data collected from 200 private seed dealers who cater to the needs of over 163,000 farmers spread across 10 districts in Bihar.

Advancing plant-based meat analogs: Composite blend of pulse protein reinforcing structure with fibrous mushroom, jackfruit seed powder and carboxymethyl cellulose.

In this study, Indian pulse proteins from cowpeas, yellow peas, green gram, and horse gram were used to create plant-based meatball analogs. The nutritional composition, molecular functional groups, color, and texture of meatball analogs T1, T2, and T3 and mutton meatballs were thoroughly analyzed. T1 had highest protein (51%) compared to control (19%), T2 (45%), and T3 (36%), but fiber content (1.

Multi-environment testing for G×E interactions and identification of high-yielding, stable, medium-duration pigeonpea genotypes employing AMMI, GGE biplot, and YREM analyses.

Pigeonpea [ (L.) Millspaugh] is a widely grown pulse with high seed protein content that contributes to food and nutritional security in the Indian subcontinent. The majority of pigeonpea varieties cultivated in India are of medium duration (<180 days to maturity), which makes it essential for breeders to focus on the development of stable high-yielding varieties.

Unveiling the distribution of free and bound phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in pigmented and non-pigmented rice genotypes.

The total phenolic content, phenolic acid profile, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of the whole-grain and bran portion of sixteen distinct rice genotypes that correspond to three distinct pericarp bran colors-black, red, and non-pigmented (NP)-were examined. Ten free and bound phenolic acids, as well as two flavonoids, were analyzed using HPLC-PDA. The flavonoids included kaempferol and catechin hydrate, and the free phenolic acids included gallic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, trans-ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid.

Harnessing the potential of pigeonpea and maize feedstock biochar for carbon sequestration, energy generation, and environmental sustainability.

Crop residues in agriculture pose disposal challenges and contribute to air pollution when burned. This study aims to use pigeonpea and maize stalks to produce biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures. Biochar can serve in carbon sequestration, as a soil amendment, and as an alternative fuel source.

First repot of causing leaf spot on in India.

The Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) was globally distributed, particularly in countries like China, India, Indonesia and was renowned for its abundant vitamin, mineral and antioxidant content (Reddy et al., 2023).

Evaluation of farmers friendly IPM modules for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in maize in the hot semiarid region of India.

Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a severe threat to global agriculture, with their impact projected to escalate due to climate change and expanding international trade. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.

Development of activation-tagged gain-of-functional mutants in indica rice line (BPT 5204) for sheath blight resistance.

Background: The development of sheath blight (ShB) resistance varieties has been a challenge for scientists for long time in rice. Activation tagging is an efficient gain-of-function mutation approach to create novel phenotypes and to identify their underlying genes. In this study, a mutant population was developed employing activation tagging in the recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.

Genome-wide association studies for a comprehensive understanding of the genetic architecture of culm strength and yield traits in rice.

Lodging resistance in rice is a complex trait determined by culm morphological and culm physical strength traits, and these traits are a major determinant of yield. We made a detailed analysis of various component traits with the aim of deriving optimized parameters for measuring culm strength. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) was employed among 181 genotypes for dissecting the genetic control of culm strength traits.

Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice-wheat cropping system.

In the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block design. By altering the formation of aggregates and the distribution of carbon within them, tillage techniques can affect the dynamics of organic carbon in soil and soil microbial activity.

Isolation and identification of antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, efflux pump activity, and virulence determinants in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from freshwater fishes.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence, underlying resistance mechanism, and virulence involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 35) isolated from freshwater fishes in Andhra Pradesh, India. Antibiogram studies revealed that 68.5, 62.

StressNet: a spatial-spectral-temporal deformable attention-based framework for water stress classification in maize.

In recent years, monitoring the health of crops has been greatly aided by deploying highthroughput crop monitoring techniques that integrate remotely captured imagery and deep learning techniques. Most methods rely mainly on the visible spectrum for analyzing the abiotic stress, such as water deficiency in crops. In this study, we carry out experiments on maize crop in a controlled environment of different water treatments.

SpeedFlower: a comprehensive speed breeding protocol for indica and japonica rice.

To increase rice yields and feed billions of people, it is essential to enhance genetic gains. However, the development of new varieties is hindered by longer generation times and seasonal constraints. To address these limitations, a speed breeding facility has been established and a robust speed breeding protocol, SpeedFlower is developed that allows growing 4-5 generations of indica and/or japonica rice in a year.

Promising physiological traits associated with nitrogen use efficiency in rice under reduced N application.

Higher grain yield in high-yielding rice varieties is mostly driven by nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied in abundant amounts leading to increased production cost and environmental pollution. This has fueled the studies on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to decrease the N fertilizer application in rice to the possible extent. NUE is a complex physiological trait controlled by multiple genes, but yet to be completely deciphered in rice.

Exploiting Indian landraces to develop biofortified grain sorghum with high protein and minerals.

Sorghum ( L. Moench) is the staple cereal and is the primary source of protein for millions of people in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sorghum grain value has been increasing in tropical countries including India owing to its gluten-free nature, anti-oxidant properties and low glycemic index.

Insights into mechanisms of seed longevity in soybean: a review.

Soybean, a crop of international importance, is challenged with the problem of seed longevity mainly due to its genetic composition and associated environmental cues. Soybean's fragile seed coat coupled with poor DNA integrity, ribosomal dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and poor antioxidant system constitute the rationale for fast deterioration. Variability among the genotypes for sensitivity to field weathering contributed to their differential seed longevity.

Monitoring early-season agricultural drought using temporal Sentinel-1 SAR-based combined drought index.

Early-season agricultural drought is frequent over South Asian region due to delayed or deficient monsoon rainfall. These drought events often cause delay in sowing and can even result in crop failure. The present study focuses on monitoring early-season agricultural drought in a semi-arid region of India over 5-year period (2016-2020).

Bioactivity and nutritional quality of nutgall ( Murray), an underutilized fruit of Manipur.

Introduction: Underutilized fruits plays a significant role in socio economic, cultural, nutritional and ethnomedicinal status of tribal people. However, scientific studies on the nutritional and other pharmaceuticals/biological activities of these fruits are meagre. Hence, the present study dealt with the quantification of nutritional quality and deciphering the bioactivity of nutgall ( Murray syn.

Rice biofortification: breeding and genomic approaches for genetic enhancement of grain zinc and iron contents.

Rice is a highly consumed staple cereal cultivated predominantly in Asian countries, which share 90% of global rice production. Rice is a primary calorie provider for more than 3.5 billion people across the world.

Triple layer hermetic bags for safe storage of dry Chilli ( L.) pods.

Aflatoxin contamination is a major concern in dry chilli pods during storage, which renders chilli flakes, and chilli powder unsafe for consumption and unfit for trade. Traditional method of storage also results in both qualitative as well as quantitative losses. In our study, we evaluated Purdue improved crop storage (PICS) based triple layer hermetic bags (PICS triple bags) for their efficacy in safe storage of dry chilli pods.

India's rainfed sorghum improvement: Three decades of genetic gain assessment for yield, grain quality, grain mold and shoot fly resistance.

Sorghum is a climate-resilient cereal and staple food crop for more than 200 million people in arid and semi-arid countries of Asia and Africa. Despite the economic importance, the productivity of sorghum in India is constrained by biotic and abiotic stresses such as incidences of shoot fly, grain mold and drought. Indian sorghum breeding focused on dual-purpose (grain and fodder), short-duration varieties with multiple resistance/tolerance to pests and diseases and improved nutritional quality (high protein, iron and zinc and low fat).