Unleashing the antitumor power of cyclophosphamide by arabinogalactan and aptamer conjugation.

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) (2-oxo-2-di(β-chloroethyl)amino tetrahydro-2,1,3-phosphoxazine) is an alkylating cytostatic compound with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity. Despite its efficacy, the clinical application of CPA is hindered by the significant occurrence of adverse side effects. To address these limitations, a promising approach involves the mechanochemical treatment of CPA with arabinogalactan (AG) to facilitate the dispersion of the drug within the AG matrix.

Visualization of Brain Tumors with Infrared-Labeled Aptamers for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery.

Gliomas remain challenging brain tumors to treat due to their infiltrative nature. Accurately identifying tumor boundaries during surgery is crucial for successful resection. This study introduces an innovative intraoperative visualization method utilizing surgical fluorescence microscopy to precisely locate tumor cell dissemination.

Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Blood Plasma Revealed Marker Proteins Involved in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy has various origins, involving or not involving structural changes in brain tissue. The mechanisms of epileptogenesis are associated with cell regulation and signaling disruptions expressed in varied levels of proteins. The blood plasma proteomic profiling of temporal lobe epilepsy patients (including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-positive and MRI-negative ones) and healthy volunteers using mass spectrometry and label-free quantification revealed a list of differently expressed proteins.

[Amplifiation of the c-MYC gene in acinar prostate adenocarcinoma. Morphogenic comparisons].

Objective: The purpose of this work was to evaluate gene amplification in the substrate of prostate acinar adenocarcinoma at various Gleason scores and various stages of the disease, taking into account the morphological characteristics of the tumor.

Material And Methods: The number of cases in the study was 82, including the control group - 12 cases. Morphological assessment included: determination of the total Gleason score, grading group, assessment of lymphovascular/perineural invasion, and architectural characteristics of the tumor.

[Metabolic features of the inflammatory syndrome of chronic pelvic pain (category IIIA of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis) in young men, depending on the somatotype].

Purpose: dentification of bioimpedance and clinical features in young men with chronic pelvic pain inflammatory syndrome (CP/CPPS NIH IIIa) depending on the somatotype.

Method: s. 150 men of the first period of adulthood from 22 to 35 years old with CP/CPPS NIH IIIa were examined from 2018 to 2022 years.

The Role of microRNAs in Epigenetic Regulation of Signaling Pathways in Neurological Pathologies.

In recent times, there has been a significant increase in researchers' interest in the functions of microRNAs and the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of many multifactorial diseases. This is related to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA expression levels as well as the prospects of using it in personalized targeted therapy. This review of the literature analyzes existing scientific data on the involvement of microRNAs in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier.

Monitoring of breast cancer progression via aptamer-based detection of circulating tumor cells in clinical blood samples.

Breast cancer (BC) diagnostics lack noninvasive methods and procedures for screening and monitoring disease dynamics. Admitted CellSearch is used for fluid biopsy and capture of circulating tumor cells of only epithelial origin. Here we describe an RNA aptamer (MDA231) for detecting BC cells in clinical samples, including blood.

Magnetic Nanoscalpel for the Effective Treatment of Ascites Tumors.

One of the promising novel methods for radical tumor resection at a single-cell level is magneto-mechanical microsurgery (MMM) with magnetic nano- or microdisks modified with cancer-recognizing molecules. A low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) remotely drives and controls the procedure. Here, we present characterization and application of magnetic nanodisks (MNDs) as a surgical instrument ("smart nanoscalpel") at a single-cell level.

Development of DNA aptamers for visualization of glial brain tumors and detection of circulating tumor cells.

Here, we present DNA aptamers capable of specific binding to glial tumor cells , , and for visualization diagnostics of central nervous system tumors. We selected the aptamers binding specifically to the postoperative human glial primary tumors and not to the healthy brain cells and meningioma, using a modified process of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment to cells; sequenced and analyzed ssDNA pools using bioinformatic tools and identified the best aptamers by their binding abilities; determined three-dimensional structures of lead aptamers (Gli-55 and Gli-233) with small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular modeling; isolated and identified molecular target proteins of the aptamers by mass spectrometry; the potential binding sites of Gli-233 to the target protein and the role of post-translational modifications were verified by molecular dynamics simulations. The anti-glioma aptamers Gli-233 and Gli-55 were used to detect circulating tumor cells in liquid biopsies.

[Microglandular adenosis of the breast].

The presented case describes the difficulties of diagnosis of the breast microglandular adenosis (MGA), taken by clinicians for a malignant process due to the nature of growth and large size. Criteria for histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis and differentiation of MGA with malignant neoplasms, in particular, with tubular breast carcinoma, are presented. Taking into account the rarity of the pathology and the absence of described cases in the Russian-language literature, the observation is of interest to pathologists and clinicians.

Structure and Vibrational Spectroscopy of C Fullerenol Valent Isomers: An Experimental and Theoretical Joint Study.

Gd@COH endohedral complexes for advanced biomedical applications (computer tomography, cancer treatment, etc.) were synthesized using high-frequency arc plasma discharge through a mixture of graphite and GdO oxide. The Gd@C endohedral complex was isolated by high-efficiency liquid chromatography and consequently oxidized with the formation of a family of Gd endohedral fullerenols with gross formula Gd@CO(OH).

Discovery of DNA aptamers targeting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and protein-binding epitopes for label-free COVID-19 diagnostics.

The spread of COVID-19 has affected billions of people across the globe, and the diagnosis of viral infection still needs improvement. Because of high immunogenicity and abundant expression during viral infection, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein could be an important diagnostic marker. This study aimed to develop a label-free optical aptasensor fabricated with a novel single-stranded DNA aptamer to detect the N protein.

[Lymphocytes enzymatic status and peripheral blood neutrophils oxygen-dependent metabolism in patients with renal cancer].

The immune system, one of the most important homeostatic organism systems, is actively involved in the protection against malignant tumors. The earliest sighs of immune homeostasis disorders should be invetigated at the cellular level, because of cell functional manifestations depend on the state of intracellular metabolic reactions. The study of lymphocyte NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity and peripheral blood neutrophils oxygen-dependent metabolism in patients with renal cellular carcinoma (RCC) showed a decrease in the intensity of ribose-5-phosphate and NADH-dependent synthetic processes, inhibition of terminal reactions of glycolysis.

Salivary oxytocin in autistic patients and in patients with intellectual disability.

Background: Assessing the role of oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of social interaction is a promising area that opens up new opportunities for studying the mechanisms of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Aim: To assess the correlation between the salivary OT level and age-related and psychopathological symptoms of children with intellectual disability (ID) and ASD.

Methods: We used the clinical and psychopathological method to assess the signs of ASD based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), the severity of ASD was specified by the selected Russian type version "Childhood Autism Rating Scale" (CARS).

[Metastatic lesion of the bone marrow caused by primary angiosarcoma of the spleen].

The article presents a rare case of bone marrow metastasis of the spleen angiosarcoma. The observation is of particular interest due to the fact that secondary bone marrow damage in angiosarcoma in the vast majority of cases is due by primary tumor growth in the spleen. Clinically, such cases may resemble the course of blood diseases with hematological disorders and splenomegaly.

Features of Peripheral Blood Th-Cell Subset Composition and Serum Cytokine Level in Patients with Activity-Driven Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Th cells may exhibit pathological activity depending on the regulatory and functional signals sensed under a wide range of immunopathological conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The relationship between Th cells and cytokines is important for diagnoses and for determining treatment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Th-cell subset composition and serum cytokine profile for patients with activity-driven AS.

Droplet Microfluidic Device for Chemoenzymatic Sensing.

The rapid detection of pollutants in water can be performed with enzymatic probes, the catalytic light-emitting activity of which decreases in the presence of many types of pollutants. Herein, we present a microfluidic system for continuous chemoenzymatic biosensing that generates emulsion droplets containing two enzymes of the bacterial bioluminescent system (luciferase and NAD(P)H:FMN-oxidoreductase) with substrates required for the reaction. The developed chip generates "water-in-oil" emulsion droplets with a volume of 0.

[Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney].

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is an extremely rare histological variant of renal cell carcinoma, not yet included in the WHO list of tumors. This tumor has a characteristic morphological structure strikingly resembling follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, but differing from itby the immunophenotype of tumor cells. TLFCK is characterized by an indolent clinical course, rarely metastases, and even the presence of metastases does not lead to a worsening of the prognosis for the patient.

Reproducibility of developmental neuroplasticity in brain tissue models.

The current prevalence of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and brain injury stimulates studies aimed to identify new molecular targets, to select the drug candidates, to complete the whole set of preclinical and clinical trials, and to implement new drugs into routine neurological practice. Establishment of protocols based on microfluidics, blood-brain barrier- or neurovascular unit-on-chip, and microphysiological systems allowed improving the barrier characteristics and analyzing the regulation of local microcirculation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Reconstruction of key mechanisms of brain development and even some aspects of experience-driven brain plasticity would be helpful in the establishment of brain models with the highest degree of reliability.

Use of the «BCR/ABL - multitest» kit in the algorithm of laboratory diagnostics of oncohematological diseases: economic aspects.

Abnormal mRNAs of the hybrid BCR-ABL gene in the majority of cases initiate the synthesis of proteins with a mass of 210 kDa (p210), 190 kDa (p190), and 230 kDa (p230). Expression of the p210 variant is most common in CML (95% of cases), while the p190 and p230 variants are less common (1-4%). On the contrary, p190 predominates in ALL.

Novel Approaches Used to Examine and Control Neurogenesis in Parkinson's Disease.

Neurogenesis is a key mechanism of brain development and plasticity, which is impaired in chronic neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease. The accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein is one of the features of PD. Being secreted, this protein produces a prominent neurotoxic effect, alters synaptic plasticity, deregulates intercellular communication, and supports the development of neuroinflammation, thereby providing propagation of pathological events leading to the establishment of a PD-specific phenotype.

[Sensory test for fine motor skills of the hand - a pilot study].

Unlabelled: The consequences of acute disorders of cerebral circulation significantly reduce the patient's life quality. According to official data, movement disorders are observed in 81.2% of surviving patients.

[The significance of C-KIT gene mutations in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant tumors].

Mutations in the gene encoding type III receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cellular processes, such as differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, are found in some neoplasms: gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mastocytosis, melanoma, breast carcinomas, myeloid leukemias, and a number of others. Tumors that exhibit these mutations are sensitive to therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which makes it necessary to correctly identify the mutation status by in order to apply a personalized approach to therapy. This literature review shows that the type and localization of the gene mutation are of crucial prognostic value and significance in choosing drugs for antitumor therapy, but traditional diagnostic methods fail to determine accurate mutation characteristics.