Clinico-Microbiological Investigation of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection by Enterococcus faecalis: vanA Genotype.

Prolonged hospitalization and exposure to third generation cephalosporins are reported to facilitate the acquisition and colonization of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Though VRE is not uncommon in India, urinary tract infection with a vanA genotype is a cause of serious concern as VRE co-exhibit resistance to aminoglycosides. In India, majority of the VRE isolates recovered from hospitalized patients include Enterococcus faecium.

Comparison of Efficacy of Methylprednisolone Injection into Masseter Muscle Versus Gluteal Muscle for Surgical Removal of Impacted Lower Third Molar.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of the use of preoperative injection of methylprednisolone into masseter muscle versus gluteal muscle to minimize postoperative swelling after the surgical removal of lower third molar.

Materials And Methods: A prospective randomized study was planned comprising of 10 subjects, undergoing elective surgery for bilateral impacted lower third molar removal with similar severity index. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups-group I who received intrabuccal masseteric injection and group II who received gluteal injection of 40 mg of methylprednisolone after inferior alveolar nerve and long buccal nerve block (prior to the surgical removal of the impacted lower third molars).

Gingival diseases in childhood - a review.

Children and adolescents are subject to a wide variety of gingival infections. Epidemiological studies indicate that gingivitis of varying severity is nearly a universal finding in children and adolescents. The shorter life span of the primary dentition may be the reason why in general little attention is given to periodontitis in children.

Iatrogenic possibilities of orthodontic treatment and modalities of prevention.

The benefits of orthodontic treatment are numerous and in most cases, the benefits outweigh the possible disadvantages. Orthodontic treatment can play an important role in enhancing esthetics, function, and self-esteem in patients. However, it carries with it the risks of enamel demineralization, tissue damage, root resorption, open gingival embrasures in the form of triangular spaces, allergic reactions to nickel, and treatment failure in the form of relapse.

The effect of four different irrigating solutions on the shear bond strength of endodontic sealer to dentin - An In-vitro study.

Background: To evaluate the effect of EDTA, Maleic acid, Citric acid and MTAD Irrigating Solutions on the shear bond Strength of A-H plus sealer.

Materials & Methods: Forty mandibular single rooted premolar teeth with straight roots were taken, decoronated and instrumented using Protaper rotary instruments to size #F3, 0.09 taper, at the working length, with 3 mL of 2.

Skeletal stability after bilateral sagittal split advancement and setback osteotomy of the mandible with miniplate fixation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intraorally placed mini plates and monocortical screws in terms of postoperative skeletal stability after bilateral sagittal split advancement and setback osteotomy of the mandible. Ten patients were included in this study with five requiring advancement (group I) and five requiring setback of the mandible (group II). Bell and Epker modified surgical technique was followed for all the patients.

A Modified Kole's Osteotomy for Correction of Anterior Open Bite and Macrogenia in a Cleft Patient.

We present a modified technique to close anterior open bite as well as to correct anterior and vertical macrogenia without sacrificing the lowermost symphyseal segment, in comparison with conventional Kole's osteotomy, which can alter the symmetric bone architecture of the chin and jeopardize the blood supply of the sandwich segments.

Effect of various commercially available mouthrinses on shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study.

Context: Alcohol is known to degrade and dissolve the bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate present in the composite resin. The effect of alcohol containing mouthrinses on the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets bonded with composite resin has not been verified until date and is the purpose of this study.

Aims: The aims and objectives of the present study were to evaluate (1) Whether there is a significant difference in the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets after the 1 year (12 h) and 2 years simulation (24 h) of mouth rinsing with 4 different commercially available mouthrinses (2 alcoholic and 2 alcohol-free mouthrinses) when compared to the control.

A rare case of dilated invaginated odontome with talon cusp in a permanent maxillary central incisor diagnosed by cone beam computed tomography.

It has been a challenge to establish the accurate diagnosis of developmental tooth anomalies based on periapical radiographs. Recently, three-dimensional imaging by cone beam computed tomography has provided useful information to investigate the complex anatomy of and establish the proper management for tooth anomalies. The most severe variant of dens invaginatus, known as dilated odontome, is a rare occurrence, and the cone beam computed tomographic findings of this anomaly have never been reported for an erupted permanent maxillary central incisor.

Cellular response within the periodontal ligament on application of orthodontic forces.

During application of controlled orthodontic force on teeth, remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone takes place. Orthodontic forces induce a multifaceted bone remodeling response. Osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption are mainly derived from the macrophages and osteoblasts are produced by proliferations of the cells of the periodontal ligament.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of deproteinization on the marginal leakage of resin restorations using three bonding agents.

Background: The perfect sealing of the tooth/restoration interface is important to prevent bacteria penetration that may lead to secondary caries and also, when dentin is involved, prevent excessive fluid movement in the dentinal tubules that may cause hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deproteinization and application of reducing agent on the marginal integrity of composite restorations using three different bonding agents (Prime & Bond NT, AdheSE and G-Bond).

Materials And Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 90 recently extracted human premolars and were divided into three groups (I, II, and III) based on the adhesives.

Estimation of the level of tumor necrosis factor- α in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in periodontal health & disease: A biochemical study.

Unlabelled: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), a "major inflammatory cytokine" not only plays an important role in periodontal destruction, but also is extremely toxic to the host. Till date, there are not many studies comparing the levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum and its relationship to periodontal disease. aim: Hence, an attempt is made to estimate the level of TNF-α in GCF and serum, its relationship to periodontal disease, and to explore the possibility of using the level of TNF-α in GCF as a biochemical "marker" of periodontal disease.

Expression of epithelial growth factor receptor in oral epithelial dysplastic lesions.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) in normal oral mucosa and varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and to correlate these findings, with clinicopathologic features and findings on routine hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H and E) sections.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of various grades of OED and 10 normal mucosa were stained with routine H and E and immunostained with EGFR by avidin-biotin method.

Results: The results showed a significant increase in the staining reactions in varying grades of dysplasia as compared with normal mucosa.

Current trends in miniscrew utilization among Indian orthodontists.

Background: There is limited data about current utilization of miniscrews in orthodontic practices in India. The purpose of this survey was to obtain information on clinical utilization of miniscrews among orthodontists in India.

Materials And Methods: A survey questionnaire was prepared and mailed to 2100 qualified and registered orthodontists in India.

Biological response at the cellular level within the periodontal ligament on application of orthodontic force - An update.

Orthodontic force elicits a biological response in the tissues surrounding the teeth, resulting in remodeling of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. The force-induced tissue strain result in reorganization of both cellular and extracellular matrix, besides producing changes in the local vascularity. This in turn leads to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, arachidonic acid, growth factors, metabolites, cytokines, colony-stimulating factors, and enzymes like cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinases, and aspartate aminotransferase.

A comparative study on the efficacy of a commercial fibrin adhesive (Tisseel) vis-à-vis silk suture on wound closure following periodontal surgical procedures.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of fibrin adhesive sealant (Tisseel(®)), a human biological tissue adhesive, as compared to conventional suture placement in pocket elimination and mucogingival surgical procedures.

Materials And Methods: The study sample consisted of 25 patients (10 male and 15 female patients), in the age group of 25-40 years, with localized periodontitis in relation to the anterior region of the maxilla and mandible. They were divided into three surgical groups: Group I, Group II and Group III.