Unexpected Twists: Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding and Retrieval of Events Eliciting Prediction Error.

According to the predictive processing framework, our brain constantly generates predictions based on past experiences and compares these predictions with incoming sensory information. When an event contradicts these predictions, it results in a prediction error (PE), which has been shown to enhance subsequent memory. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of PEs on subsequent memory remain unclear.

Laser Upcycling of Hemoglobin Protein Biowaste into Engineered Graphene Aerogel Architectures for 3D Supercapacitors.

Graphene aerogels (GAs) with engineered architectures are a promising material for applications ranging from filtration to energy storage/conversion. However, current preparation approaches involve the combination of multiple intrinsically-different methodologies to achieve graphene-synthesis and architecture-engineering, complicating the entire procedure. Here, a novel approach to prepare GAs with engineered architectures based on the laser-upcycling of protein biowaste, hemoglobin, is introduced.

Getting better with age: Lessons from the Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment (KLEE).

The Kenya long-term exclosure experiment (KLEE) was established in 1995 in semi-arid savanna rangeland to examine the separate and combined effects of livestock, wildlife and megaherbivores on their shared environment. The long-term nature of this experiment has allowed us to measure these effects and address questions of stability and resilience in the context of multiple drought-rainy cycles. Here we outline lessons learned over the last 29 years, and how these inform a fundamental tension in long-term studies: how to balance the need for question-driven research with the intangible conviction that long-term data will yield valuable findings.

A machine learning based classifier for topological quantum materials.

Prediction and discovery of new materials with desired properties are at the forefront of quantum science and technology research. A major bottleneck in this field is the computational resources and time complexity related to finding new materials from ab initio calculations. In this work, an effective and robust deep learning-based model is proposed by incorporating persistent homology with graph neural network which offers an accuracy of and an F1 score of in classifying topological versus non-topological materials, outperforming the other state-of-the-art classifier models.

Grain engineering for efficient near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes.

Metal halide perovskites show promise for next-generation light-emitting diodes, particularly in the near-infrared range, where they outperform organic and quantum-dot counterparts. However, they still fall short of costly III-V semiconductor devices, which achieve external quantum efficiencies above 30% with high brightness. Among several factors, controlling grain growth and nanoscale morphology is crucial for further enhancing device performance.

Deep-learning enabled generalized inverse design of multi-port radio-frequency and sub-terahertz passives and integrated circuits.

Millimeter-wave and terahertz integrated circuits and chips are expected to serve as the backbone for future wireless networks and high resolution sensing. However, design of these integrated circuits and chips can be quite complex, requiring years of human expertise, careful tailoring of hand crafted circuit topologies and co-design with parameterized and pre-selected templates of electromagnetic structures. These structures (radiative and non-radiative, single-port and multi-ports) are subsequently optimized through ad-hoc methods and parameter sweeps.

Association between Comprehensive Primary Care Plus and opioid prescribing and prescription fills among Medicare beneficiaries.

Introduction: To examine if Medicare beneficiaries attributed to Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) practices had a greater decrease in the potential overuse of prescription opioids relative to beneficiaries attributed to other primary care practices. Primary care practices that participated in CPC+ received enhanced Medicare payment to support five functions: access and continuity of care, care management, comprehensiveness and coordination, patient and caregiver engagement, and planned care and population health. CPC+ practices participated within two tracks starting in 2017; Track 2 practices received larger payments to support more enhanced care delivery than Track 1 practices.

- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Testing the generalizability of minimal group attitudes in minority and majority race children.

The minimal group effect, in which people prefer ingroup members to outgroup members even when group membership is trivially constructed, has been studied extensively in psychological science. Despite a large body of literature on this phenomenon, concerns persist regarding previous developmental research populations that are small and lack racial/ethnic diversity. In addition, it remains unclear what role holding membership within and interacting with specific racial/ethnic groups plays in the development of children's group attitudes.

Mechanism of enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with paricalcitol and hydroxychloroquine.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a minimal (<15%) 5-year existence, in part due to resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Previous research reveals the impact of paricalcitol (P) and hydroxychloroquine (H) on altering the lysosomal fusion, decreasing stromal burden, and triggering PDAC to chemotherapies. This investigation aims to elucidate the molecular properties of the H and P combination and their potential in sensitizing PDAC to gemcitabine (G).

Real-World Antifungal Therapy Patterns Across the Continuum of Care in United States Adults with Invasive Aspergillosis.

Changes to antifungal therapy (AFT) in invasive aspergillosis (IA) may occur due to intolerance, side effects, drug interactions, or lack of response. We describe AFT change patterns in IA patients. This was a US claims data study.

Acceptance of Virtual Reality in Trainees Using a Technology Acceptance Model: Survey Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) technologies have demonstrated therapeutic usefulness across a variety of health care settings. However, graduate medical education (GME) trainee perspectives on VR acceptability and usability are limited. The behavioral intentions of GME trainees with regard to VR as an anxiolytic tool have not been characterized through a theoretical framework of technology adoption.

Face-to-face or face-to-screen: A quantitative comparison of conferences modalities.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a societal shift from in-person to virtual activities, including scientific conferences. As society navigates a "new normal," the question arises as to the advantages and disadvantages of these alternative modalities. We introduce two new comprehensive datasets enabling direct comparison between virtual and in-person conferences: the first, from a series of nine small conferences, encompasses over 12,000 pairs of potential scientific collaborators across five virtual and four in-person meetings on a range of scientific topics; the expressed goal of these conferences is to create novel collaborations.

Sensitive and accurate proteome profiling of embryogenesis using Real-Time Search and TMTproC quantification.

Multiplexed proteomics has become a powerful tool for investigating biological systems. Using balancer-peptide conjugates (e.g.

Catalyzing sustainable development: insights from the international workshop on STI policies and innovation systems in Central America.

This article examines the landscape of Science, Technology, and Innovation policies in Central America, focusing on Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. These nations face significant challenges in leveraging STI for sustainable development, including financial constraints and limited resources. Additionally, Central America struggles with systemic issues such as corruption, violence, and high levels of emigration, further complicating efforts to advance STI.

Efficacy and Safety of Tildrakizumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis of the Scalp: Week 52 Results From a Phase 3b, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: In the primary analysis of a Phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis affecting the scalp (NCT03897088), tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23 p19 antibody, met the primary efficacy endpoint at Week (W)16.

Objective: To evaluate maintenance of tildrakizumab efficacy and safety for the treatment of scalp psoriasis from the W52 full analysis.

Methods: Patients randomized to tildrakizumab continued receiving tildrakizumab 100 mg every 12 weeks; patients randomized to placebo (analyzed separately) switched to tildrakizumab 100 mg at W16.

High-Performance Boiling Surfaces Enabled by an Electrode-Transpose All-Electrochemical Strategy.

High-performance boiling surfaces are in great demand for efficient cooling of high-heat-flux devices. Although various micro-/nano-structured surfaces have been engineered toward higher surface wettability and wickability for enhanced boiling, the design and fabrication of surface structures for realizing both high critical heat flux (CHF) and high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) remain a key challenge. Here, a novel "electrode-transpose" all-electrochemical strategy is proposed to create superhydrophilic microporous surfaces with higher dendrites and larger pores by simply adding an electrochemical etching step prior to the multiple electrochemical deposition steps.

Intraoperative patient-specific volumetric reconstruction and 3D visualization for laparoscopic liver surgery.

Despite the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, interventions such as laparoscopic liver surgery present unique challenges, like the significant anatomical differences between preoperative images and intraoperative scenes due to pneumoperitoneum, patient pose, and organ manipulation by surgical instruments. To address these challenges, a method for intraoperative three-dimensional reconstruction of the surgical scene, including vessels and tumors, without altering the surgical workflow, is proposed. The technique combines neural radiance field reconstructions from tracked laparoscopic videos with ultrasound three-dimensional compounding.

Indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cause-of-death analysis of life expectancy changes in 24 countries, 2015 to 2022.

Worldwide, mortality was strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both directly through COVID-19 deaths and indirectly through changes in other causes of death. Here, we examine the impact of the pandemic on COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 mortality in 24 countries: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, England and Wales, Hungary, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Poland, Russia, Scotland, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Using demographic decomposition methods, we compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in female and male life expectancy at birth in 2019-2020, 2020-2021, and 2021-2022 with those before the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2019).

Association Between Sleep Duration and Cardiovascular Disease Among Asian Americans.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence varies widely among Asian American adults. The American Heart Association added healthy sleep to its metrics to define ideal cardiovascular health. Little is known about the association between sleep and CVD prevalence among Asian subgroups.

A face-off between Smaug and Caspar modulates primordial germ cell count and identity in embryos.

Proper formation and specification of Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) is of special significance as they gradually transform into Germline Stem Cells (GSCs) that are ultimately responsible for generating the gametes. Intriguingly, not only the PGCs constitute the only immortal cell type but several specific determinants also underlying PGC specification such as Vasa, Nanos and Germ-cell-less are conserved through evolution. In , PGC formation and specification depends on two independent factors, the maternally deposited specialized cytoplasm (or germ plasm) enriched in germline determinants, and the mechanisms that execute the even partitioning of these determinants between the daughter cells.