Validation of self-applied unattended polysomnography using Somte V2 PSG (Somte) for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in pregnant women in early to mid-gestation.

Purpose: Polysomnography (PSG) may be completed in the home environment (unattended), and when self-applied, allow the collection of data with minimal healthcare worker intervention. Self-applied, unattended PSG in the home environment using Somte PSG V2 (Somte) has not been validated in pregnant women in early to mid-gestation. We undertook a study to evaluate the accuracy of Somte compared to attended PSG.

Diagnosing and characterizing inflammatory myopathies at an Australian tertiary public hospital: Resource utilization and direct healthcare costs.

Aim: To determine the direct health service costs and resource utilization associated with diagnosing and characterizing idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and to assess for limitations and diagnostic delay in current practice.

Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort analysis of all patients diagnosed with IIMs between January 2012 and December 2021 in a large tertiary public hospital was conducted. Demographics, resource utilization and costs associated with diagnosing IIM and characterizing disease manifestations were identified using the hospital's electronic medical record and Health Intelligence Unit, and the Medicare Benefits Schedule.

variants in the non-coding spliceosomal snRNA gene are a frequent cause of syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders.

Around 60% of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) remain undiagnosed after comprehensive genetic testing, primarily of protein-coding genes. Increasingly, large genome-sequenced cohorts are improving our ability to discover new diagnoses in the non-coding genome. Here, we identify the non-coding RNA as a novel syndromic NDD gene.

A comparison of two obesity-related hypoventilation disorders: Impact on sleep, quality of life and neurocognitive outcomes and the effects of positive airway pressure therapy.

Study Objectives: Symptom impact and neurocognitive function have not been previously compared between patients with obesity-associated hypoventilation disorders (obesity hypoventilation syndrome [OHS]) and hypoventilation in the setting of obesity and obstructive airways disease (OHAD). The aim of this study is to compare baseline sleep-related symptoms, health-related quality of life, and neurocognitive function between OHS and OHAD and the impact of PAP therapy on these outcomes.

Methods: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleepiness Quality Index (PSQI), SF36, and various neurocognitive tests, in addition to anthropometric, polysomnography, lung function, and blood gas data from participants with OHS and participants with OHAD, were included in the analysis.

Tirzepatide for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea: Rationale, design, and sample baseline characteristics of the SURMOUNT -OSA phase 3 trial.

Background: Weight reduction is a standard recommendation for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment in people with obesity or overweight; however, weight loss can be challenging to achieve and maintain without bariatric surgery. Currently, no approved anti-obesity medication has demonstrated effectiveness in OSA management. This study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for treatment of moderate to severe OSA in people with obesity.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with anteriorly directed mitral regurgitation is a red flag for concomitant pathology: a case report.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is often linked to systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve, typically resulting in a posteriorly directed mitral regurgitation (MR) jet. An anteriorly directed MR jet suggests additional mitral valve pathology that may not be resolved by myectomy alone.

Case Summary: A 58-year-old construction worker with no significant medical history experienced a syncopal event and was admitted to the emergency department with acute pulmonary oedema.

The effect of a single dose of nivolumab prior to isolated limb perfusion for patients with in-transit melanoma metastases: An interim analysis of a phase Ib/II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (NivoILP trial).

Objective: ILP has shown to achieve high response rates in patients with melanoma ITM. Possibly there is a synergistic mechanism of action of ILP and anti-PD1. The aim of this trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of adding a single dose of systemic anti-PD1 to isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for patients with melanoma in-transit metastases (ITM).

Therapeutic Inertia With Initial Low-Dose Quadruple Combination Therapy for Hypertension: Results From the QUARTET Trial.

Background: Low-dose combinations are a promising intervention for improving blood pressure (BP) control but their effects on therapeutic inertia are uncertain.

Methods: Analysis of 591 patients randomized to an ultra-low-dose quadruple pill or initial monotherapy. The episode of therapeutic inertia was defined as a patient visit with a BP of >140/90 mm Hg without intensification of antihypertensive treatment.

The future of allergic rhinitis management: A partnership between healthcare professionals and patients.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic respiratory condition that internationally continues to be burdensome and impacts quality of life. Despite availability of medicines and guidelines for healthcare providers for the optimal management of AR, optimisation of its management in the community continues to be elusive. The reasons for this are multi-faceted and include both environmental and healthcare related factors.

Durability of the Effectiveness of Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Thailand: Retrospective Cohort Study Using National Registration Data.

Background: The durability of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been primarily studied in high-income countries, while evaluation of heterologous vaccine policies in low- and middle-income countries remains limited.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the duration during which the VE of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens in mitigating serious outcomes, specifically severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization with COVID-19, remains over 50%.

Methods: We formed a dynamic cohort by linking records of Thai citizens aged ≥18 years from citizen vital, COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 cases registry databases between May 2021 and July 2022.

Effect of Azithromycin on Asthma Remission in Adults With Persistent Uncontrolled Asthma: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Anonymized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Asthma remission is a potential treatment goal.

Research Question: Does adding azithromycin to standard therapy in patients with persistent uncontrolled asthma induce remission compared with placebo?

Study Design And Methods: This secondary analysis used data from the Asthma and Macrolides: the Azithromycin Efficacy and Safety (AMAZES) clinical trial-a double-anonymized placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations. The primary remission definition (referred to as clinical remission) was zero exacerbations and zero oral corticosteroids during the previous 6 months evaluated at 12 months and a 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire score ≤ 1 at 12 months.

Obstructive sleep apnoea in obesity: A review.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common comorbidity that occurs in individuals with obesity. It classically manifests with excessive daytime sleepiness, resulting in reduced quality of life, workplace productivity, and an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. Weight gain plays an important role in its pathogenesis through worsening upper airway collapsibility, and current treatment options are targeted towards mechanically overcoming upper airway obstruction and weight loss.

Detection of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid using two point-of-collection testing devices following oral administration of a THC and cannabidiol containing oil.

Point-of-collection testing (POCT) devices are widely used in roadside and workplace drug testing to identify recent cannabis use by measuring the presence of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid (OF). However, the performance of POCT devices with oral medicinal cannabis products remains poorly described. In a randomised, double-blinded, crossover trial, adults with insomnia disorder (n = 20) received a single (2 mL) oral dose of oil containing 10 mg THC + 200 mg cannabidiol, or placebo, prior to sleep.

A comparison of marker gene selection methods for single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Background: The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled scientists to catalog and probe the transcriptional heterogeneity of individual cells in unprecedented detail. A common step in the analysis of scRNA-seq data is the selection of so-called marker genes, most commonly to enable annotation of the biological cell types present in the sample. In this paper, we benchmark 59 computational methods for selecting marker genes in scRNA-seq data.

Construction and optimization of multi-platform precision pathways for precision medicine.

In the enduring challenge against disease, advancements in medical technology have empowered clinicians with novel diagnostic platforms. Whilst in some cases, a single test may provide a confident diagnosis, often additional tests are required. However, to strike a balance between diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness, one must rigorously construct the clinical pathways.

In situ single-cell profiling sheds light on IFI27 localisation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The utilization of single-cell resolved spatial transcriptomics to delineate immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection was able to identify M1 macrophages to have elevated expression of IFI27 in areas of infection.

Faecal microbial transfer and complex carbohydrates mediate protection against COPD.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective therapies. The gastrointestinal microbiome has been implicated in chronic lung diseases via the gut-lung axis, but its role is unclear.