Side effects and immunogenicity of murine lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in subhuman primates.

The immediate side effects of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody treatment of nearly 150 monkeys is documented in this study. Immediate side effects were only seen with antibodies specific for CD3 and CD8. These side effects are most likely related to stimulation of T cells to produce lymphokines (CD3) and/or to the rapid cell clearance (CD3 and CD8).

Idiotype switching of CD4-specific monoclonal antibodies can prolong the therapeutic effectiveness in spite of host anti-mouse IgG antibodies.

Immunotherapy using murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is limited by the host anti-mouse IgG response. Previous investigations demonstrated that a large proportion of the anti-mouse response was specific for idiotypic determinants of the mAb. This study demonstrates the feasibility of idiotype switching of therapeutic mAb to evade this anti-idiotype response.

The internal image-like anti-idiotypic response to a CD3-specific monoclonal antibody in primates is dependent on the T cell-binding properties of the injected antibody.

Murine monoclonal antibodies used for therapeutic purposes generally elicit a strong antibody response. A large proportion of this response is specific for the idiotype of the injected monoclonal antibody. The CD3 T cell antigen is polymorphic in rhesus monkeys.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys: II. Treatment of EAE with anti-T lymphocyte subset monoclonal antibodies.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced in rhesus monkeys by immunization with bovine brain homogenate emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Four monkeys were treated with anti-CD4 (OKT4+4A) monoclonal antibodies after the onset of clinical signs. One monkey developed a chronic-progressive course of EAE and was killed after a significantly prolonged disease of 19 days.

The protection of chimpanzees against hepatitis B viral infection using a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen.

In order to determine the efficacy of the SmithKline Biologicals recombinant DNA yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in inducing protection against hepatitis B infection, two chimpanzees were injected intramuscularly with 20 micrograms according to a 0-, 1-, and 2-month schedule. After the second dose, the vaccinated animals already showed a significant antibody response. One month after the last injection, the animals were challenged with hepatitis B virus.

Major histocompatibility complex matching and other factors influencing skin allograft survival in related and unrelated rhesus monkeys.

Skin allografting was performed in rhesus monkeys to study the influence of matching for products of the RhLA region and of various other parameters. As expected, the longest mean survival times (MSTs) were observed when donors were RhLA-identical siblings; the MST seemed a bit shorter when grafts from at least two RhLA-nonidentical siblings were simultaneously present. Matching for RhLA-A and B locus antigens was studied in RhLA-haploidentical and in unrelated combinations; in both categories, the MST was about 12 days if there were no A or B antigen disparities, 10 days if there was one A or B disparity, and about 9 days for two or more disparities.

Social play and rank order in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta.

Social play is indispensable for adequate social development. Several authors have described a correlation between a mother's rank in the hierarchy and the rank of her infant. How the mother's rank is passed on to her infant was investigated.

Multi-Locus control of MLC reactions in rhesus monkeys.

The genetic basis for MLC reactivity in rhesus monkeys was further investigated. Cells from anintra-RhLA recombinant monkey were MLC reactive with those of an SD-identical sib and with each of two sets of homozygous typing cells carrying either paternal haplotype. Also, cells from a pair ofRhLA- identical sibs reacted in MLC with each other, as well as with three genotypically different siblings.