2,267 results match your criteria: "Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease"

Article Synopsis
  • - Physical activity is generally beneficial for heart health, but recent research indicates that high-volume endurance exercise might actually worsen coronary atherosclerosis, leading to concerns in treating coronary artery disease (CAD) in athletes.
  • - CAD is a major cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes over 35, prompting studies to assess the prevalence of CAD in this group and its implications for health outcomes.
  • - While earlier beliefs suggested that coronary plaques in elite athletes were harmless, recent studies challenge this view, highlighting potential risks associated with exercise-induced coronary calcification and the need for better evaluation and management strategies.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Twenty-four participants will be split into early and late-phase groups, engaging in a 12-week program that includes exercise, dietary education, mindfulness, and group support sessions.
  • * The main goal is to assess the feasibility of the program through adherence, while secondary outcomes will evaluate changes in physical health, stress management, and dietary habits among participants.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the connection between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels and the risk of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-risk plaque (HRP) in patients with stable chest pain.
  • Researchers analyzed data from the PROMISE Trial, finding that elevated Lp(a) (≥50 mg/100 ml) correlates with greater chances of having stenosis (≥50% and ≥70%) in coronary arteries, regardless of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.
  • However, elevated Lp(a) was not linked to the presence of high-risk plaque when accounting for obstructive CAD, suggesting its role in CAD risk is more significant than in plaque features.
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Background: Clopidogrel is widely used for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). CYP2C19 plays a pivotal role in the conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. Clopidogrel-treated carriers of a CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele (LOF) may have a higher risk of new atherothrombotic events.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Colchicine is currently the only anti-inflammatory medication showing promise for CAD, but more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and safety as a primary treatment option.
  • * The COL BE PCI trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of colchicine versus placebo in 2,770 patients post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on major cardiovascular events as the primary outcome of the study.
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Background And Aim: High-dose statin therapy before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is thought to reduce the occurrence of Peri-procedural Myocardial Infarction (PPMI), which is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospitalization, especially in statin naïve patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of rosuvastatin loading dose on PPMI and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients undergoing elective PCI, considering their statin use.

Methods: One hundred sixty-five patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) without heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) were included in the study.

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Background And Aims: In the AEGIS-II trial (NCT03473223), CSL112, a human apolipoprotein A1 derived from plasma that increases cholesterol efflux capacity, did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary endpoint through 90 days vs. placebo after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, given the well-established relationship between higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plaque burden, as well as greater risk reductions seen with PCSK9 inhibitors in patients with baseline LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL on statin therapy, the efficacy of CSL112 may be influenced by baseline LDL-C.

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Case report: dyslipidaemia-dramatic increase in haemoglobin A1c following statin initiation.

Eur Heart J Case Rep

August 2024

Lankenau Heart Institute, Lankenau Medical Center, 100 E Lancaster Avenue, 356 Medical Office Building East, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.

Background: Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia and new-onset diabetes mellitus. The absolute increase in glycosylated haemoglobin (HgbA1c, a measure of average glucose level over the past three months) is typically small; dramatic and clinically relevant increases are rare.

Case Summary: A 52-year-old man of South Indian descent with a history of hyperlipidaemia was started on rosuvastatin 40 mg daily for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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Article Synopsis
  • Patients without standard modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (SMuRFs) experience lower in-hospital mortality after a first heart attack compared to those with risk factors, but their long-term outcomes are less understood, especially in women.
  • This study analyzed a large cohort of patients with stable coronary artery disease, comparing outcomes based on the presence or absence of SMuRFs over a 5-year period.
  • Results showed that SMuRF-less patients had a significantly lower rate of cardiovascular death and non-fatal heart attacks, indicating that having fewer risk factors correlates with better long-term heart health outcomes.
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The prevalence, patients' characteristics, and hyper-Lp(a)-emia risk factors in the Polish population. The first results from the PMMHRI-Lp(a) Registry.

Prog Cardiovasc Dis

October 2024

Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland; Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on understanding how common high lipoprotein(a) levels are in patients from Poland, especially since there wasn’t much information available before.
  • A registry was created at a big hospital in Poland to collect data from patients visiting different medical departments since January 2022.
  • Out of 511 patients included, many had elevated Lp(a) levels, and while there were some interesting findings about who had high levels, there weren’t major differences based on sex or many other health conditions.
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Objective: Postoperative delirium (POD), especially after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is a relatively common and severe complication increasing side effects, length of hospital stay, mortality and healthcare resource costs. This study aimed to determine the impact of using mannitol serum in the prime of CPB for preventing the occurrence of delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

Methods: This study is a single-centre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial that was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023.

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Background: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is highly prevalent in Northwest China; however, effective preventive measures are limited. This study aimed to develop metabolic risk models tailored for the primary and secondary prevention of CHD in Northwest China.

Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 744 patients who underwent coronary angiography.

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Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a main cause of morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of coronary revascularization in chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is still debated. Our recent study showed the superiority of coronary revascularization over optimal medical therapy (OMT) in reducing cardiovascular (CV) mortality and myocardial infarction (MI).

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Background: High sedentary times (ST) is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), highlighting the need for behavioural change interventions that effectively reduce ST. We examined the immediate and medium-term effect of the SIT LESS intervention on changes in ST among CAD patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: CAD patients participating in CR at 2 regional hospitals were included in this randomized controlled trial (1:1, stratified for gender and hospital).

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aimed to replicate a previous finding that EDTA-based chelation therapy reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with diabetes and a history of myocardial infarction (MI).
  • - Conducted at 88 sites in the US and Canada, the trial involved 959 participants who were randomly assigned to receive either chelation therapy or a placebo, with a median follow-up of 48 months.
  • - Results showed no significant difference in CVD events between the chelation group (35.6% experienced a primary event) and the placebo group (35.7%), indicating that chelation may not provide the hoped-for benefits in this population.
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Background: This study aimed to explore the effect of a P2Y inhibitor regimen on the occurrence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery in carriers with the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member19 loss-of-function allele.

Methods And Results: From May 2019 to November 2023, patients containing the cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member19*2 or *3 allele undergoing elective first-time off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery including aspirin 100 mg/d and ticagrelor 180 mg/d (AT group; n=95) versus clopidogrel 75 mg/d (aspirin and clopidogrel group; n=95) were prospectively followed. The primary end point was the cumulative incidence of POAF in a week.

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Study Objective: There is scarce evidence on the hemodynamic stability of remimazolam during anesthetic induction in patients with significant coronary artery disease. This study aims to compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on post-induction hypotension in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study examined the impact of polyvascular disease (PVD) on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on differences between sexes.
  • Among 18,721 patients, women had a higher likelihood of PVD (21.7%) compared to men (16.1%) and exhibited the highest MACE rates following PCI.
  • Both men and women with PVD showed similar relative risks for MACE, indicating that increased risk from PVD should be managed with effective secondary prevention strategies for both genders.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of impaired glucose utilization and a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathogenesis of both diseases shares common risk factors and mechanisms, and both are significant contributors to global morbidity and mortality. Supplements of natural products for T2D mellitus (T2DM) and CVD can be seen as a potential preventive and effective therapeutic strategy.

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Article Synopsis
  • New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can increase stroke risk; this study compares the safety and feasibility of two anticoagulants, Warfarin and Rivaroxaban, in such patients.
  • A randomized trial with 66 patients showed no thrombotic or major bleeding events in either group, although minor bleeding occurred with no significant difference.
  • The findings suggest that both anticoagulants are safe and effective, potentially favoring Rivaroxaban for its convenience in managing POAF after CABG surgery.*
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The Complex Mechanisms and the Potential Effects of Statins on Vascular Calcification: A Narrative Review.

Rev Cardiovasc Med

February 2024

Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics-Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece.

Vascular calcification (VC) is a complex process of calcium deposition on the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques and involves interaction between vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammatory and VC mediators. The latter are independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and potential targets of pharmaceutical therapy. This paper is a narrative review of the complex mechanisms of VC development and in this context the potential anti-atherosclerotic effects of statins.

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Article Synopsis
  • Patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (sMR) and coronary artery disease (CAD) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) often face increased mortality and other health issues, with their condition being influenced by specific risk factors.
  • This study examined the significance of the wall motion score index (WMSI) as a prognostic tool in predicting outcomes for sMR patients after PCI, revealing that around 40% still had severe sMR shortly after the procedure.
  • Findings indicate that a higher WMSI after PCI is linked to worse outcomes, including persistent sMR, worsening heart failure, and increased mortality risk, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of WMSI in these patients.
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The Relationship between Job Strain and Ischemic Heart Disease Mediated by Endothelial Dysfunction Markers and Imaging.

Medicina (Kaunas)

June 2024

2nd Morpho-Functional Department, Biophysics and Medical Physics, "Gr.T.Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

: Job strain is a psychological, physical, and behavioral stress that occurs at the workplace. Job strain is associated with more than double the normal risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The main aim of this study was to determine the association between job strain and the following parameters: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), the albumin urine excretion rate (AUER), and secondary-level testing.

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