Advancements in Molecular Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Invasive Pituitary Adenomas.

Background: The overwhelming majority of pituitary tumors consist of pituitary adenomas (PAs), which have recently also been termed pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Clinically significant PAs occur in approximately one in every 1000 individuals, while other types of pituitary tumors, such as craniopharyngiomas and pituicytomas, are significantly less common. Although PAs are generally benign, a subset of them exhibits malignant-like biological traits.

Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumor at the sphenoid ridge with metastasis to the spinal cord: A case report.

Rationale: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) originate from neuroendocrine cells and they are depicted with both nerve cells as well as hormone-producing cells. These tumors were initially discovered in extracranial locations and central nervous system involvement is often a result of metastasis. Herein, we present a very rare case of primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumor (PINET) that masqueraded as meningioma at the sphenoid ridge with metastasis to the spinal cord in a patient without a known history of extracranial NET at the time of diagnosis.

Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction in Multiportal Approaches: Insight into Vascularized Flap Techniques.

: To evaluate the outcomes of anterior skull base (ASB) reconstruction using single versus double vascularized flap techniques following multiportal cranio-endoscopic approaches (CEA), based on a 12-year experience. : A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients who underwent ASB reconstruction after a CEA at our department between 2010 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 received a pericranial flap (PF) reinforced with a fascia graft, while Group 2 underwent multiple flap reconstruction with PF, fascia graft, and nasoseptal flap (NSF).

Characterization of Somatostatin Receptor 2 Gene Expression and Immune Landscape in Sinonasal Malignancies.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), and sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) are rare malignancies arising from the sinonasal tract with limited therapeutic options. The expression of the somatostatin receptor 2 gene (), which is expressed in other neuroendocrine neoplasms and is therapeutically actionable, has been reported in these tumors. Here, we analyzed gene expression and its associations with genomic features, established biomarkers predicting of immune response, and the tumor immune microenvironment in a cohort of ONB, SNUC, and SNEC tumor samples (26, 13, and 8 samples, respectively) from a real-world database.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma originating from a mandibular odontogenic cyst: A case report.

Malignant transformation arising in the background of jaw cysts is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition, particularly when developing from residual root-derived cysts. We present a case of epithelial malignancy originating from a residual root-derived cyst in the mandible of a man around 50 years old. Histological evaluation of the sections revealed that the epithelial lining of the cystic lesion contained well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma components.

Spinal intradural malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor at the foramen magnum in a non-neurofibromatosis child.

Primary spinal intradural malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare neoplasms, especially in children with a non-neurofibromatosis background. Scarce pediatric data exist with regard to such tumors. A 4-year-old child with a history of spastic limb weakness was operated for a foramen magnum spinal lesion (intradural and extradural) with imaging suggestive of schwannoma; the histopathology, however, was that of a MPNST.

[Clinical analysis of endoscopic transnasal resection of skull base chondrosarcoma].

To explore the surgical techniques and clinical outcomes of endoscopic transnasal approaches in the treatment of skull base chondrosarcomas. Data from patients diagnosed with skull base chondrosarcomas and treated via endoscopic transnasal surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, from 2013 to 2022 were collected. This retrospective study analyzed the patients' clinical presentations, histopathological grading, involved sites and extents, and complications following the endoscopic transnasal surgery.

Permanent alopecia after radiotherapy of primary brain tumours: The most influential factors.

Purpose: Alopecia is a distressing side effect of radiotherapy in patients undergoing treatment for primary brain tumours. This study aimed to investigate the most influential clinical, demographic, and dosimetric factors associated with permanent scalp alopecia in patients with brain tumours treated with intensity-modulated radiations.

Patients And Methods: Eighty patients with brain tumors treated with intensity-modulated radiations were enrolled.

The novel developed and validated multiparametric MRI-based fusion radiomic and clinicoradiomic models predict the postoperative progression of primary skull base chordoma.

Local progression of primary skull base chordoma (PSBC) is a sign of treatment failure. Predicting the postoperative progression of PSBC can aid in the development of individualized treatment plans to improve patients' progression-free survival (PFS) after surgery. This study aimed to develop a multiparametric MRI-based fusion radiomic model (FRM) and clinicoradiomic model (CRM) via radiomic and clinical analysis and to explore their validity in predicting postoperative progression in PSBC patients before surgery.

A challenging discrimination of an intensely [F]PSMA-1007-avid solitary lesion at the skull base in a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis to brain has been reported to occur only up to 0.6% of patients and these are mostly diagnosed in autopsy series. In the setting of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, a suspected PSMA-avid (prostate-specific membrane antigen) lesion in the brain is still strongly suggestive of an intracranial metastasis of prostate cancer.