44,903 results match your criteria: "Primary Lateral Sclerosis"

Frequency and neuropathology of HTT repeat expansions in FTD/ALS: co-existence rather than causation.

J Neurol

December 2024

Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.

Article Synopsis
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Background:  Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare motor neuron disease characterized by upper motor neuron degeneration, diagnosed clinically due to the absence of a (neuropathological) gold standard. Post-mortem studies, particularly TDP-43 pathology analysis, are limited.

Methods: This study reports on 5 cases in which the diagnostic criteria for PLS were met, but in which neuropathology findings showed (partially) conflicting results.

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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deletions or mutations of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. To date, the mechanism of selective cell death of motor neurons as a hallmark of SMA is still unclear. The severity of SMA is dependent on the amount of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which is an essential and ubiquitously expressed protein involved in various cellular processes including regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics.

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Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Reveals the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Disease-Associated Microglia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Research (Wash D C)

December 2024

Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Disease-associated microglia (DAM) are observed in neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating disorders, and aging. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics and evolutionary trajectory of DAM during the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remain unclear. Using a mouse model of ALS that expresses a human gene mutation, we found that the microglia subtype DAM begins to appear following motor neuron degeneration, primarily in the brain stem and spinal cord.

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Present insights into the progress in gene therapy delivery systems for central nervous system diseases.

Int J Pharm

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.. Electronic address:

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic strokes and certain rare diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ataxia, present significant obstacles to treatment using conventional molecular pharmaceuticals. Gene therapy, with its ability to target previously "undruggable" proteins with high specificity and safety, is increasingly utilized in both preclinical and clinical research for CNS ailments. As our comprehension of the pathophysiology of these conditions deepens, gene therapy stands out as a versatile and promising strategy with the potential to both prevent and treat these diseases.

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Cerebellar Involvement in Attacks of Aquaporin-4-IgG Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

January 2025

From the Department of Neurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology (A.D., L.C., J.J.-W.C., B.G.W., S.A.B., S.J.P., E.P.F.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.), Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Radiology (K.N.K.), Mayo Clinic; Department of Ophthalmology (J.J.-W.C.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (D.M.W., C.V.-S.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; Department of Neurology (B.G.W.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.-C.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL; Neurology Unit (E.S.), University Hospital of Sassari, Italy; and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (S.J.P., E.P.F.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.

Objectives: To characterize the frequency and clinicoradiologic phenotype of cerebellar involvement in attacks of aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD) which are incompletely captured in current diagnostic criteria.

Methods: Brain MRI scans from patients with AQP4+NMOSD in the Mayo Clinic database were reviewed, and those with cerebellar T2-hyperintense lesions ≤30 days from attack onset were included for clinical and radiologic characterization.

Results: From 432 patients with AQP4+NMOSD, we identified 17 (4%) with cerebellar attacks.

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Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron loss. The most common form of SMA is linked to 5q (5q-SMA) and is classified into subtypes according to the age of onset and maximum motor function achieved. The severity ranges from progressive infantile paralysis and premature death (type 1) to limited motor neuron loss in adults (type 4).

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Purpose: We investigated sex-related brain metabolic differences in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls (HC).

Methods: We collected two equal-sized groups of male (m-ALS) and female ALS (f-ALS) patients (n = 130 each), who underwent 2-[F]FDG-PET at diagnosis, matched for site of onset, cognitive status and King's stage. We included 168 age-matched healthy controls, half female (f-HC) and half male (m-HC).

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The availability of three therapies for the neuromuscular disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) highlights the need to match patients to the optimal treatment. Two of these treatments (nusinersen and risdiplam) target splicing of , but treatment outcomes vary from patient to patient. An incomplete understanding of the complex interactions among SMA genetics, SMN protein and mRNA levels, and gene-targeting treatments, limits our ability to explain this variability and identify optimal treatment strategies for individual patients.

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Tongue Fasciculations and Upper Motor Neuron Signs in Infantile-Onset Type 2 Gaucher Disease: Authors' Reply.

Indian J Pediatr

December 2024

Centre of Excellence & Advanced Research for Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Child Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

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Transmission of Peripheral-blood α-Synuclein Fibrils Exacerbates Synucleinopathy and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease by Endothelial Lag3 Endocytosis.

Am J Physiol Cell Physiol

December 2024

Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder. The pathological feature of PD is abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) formation and transmission. Recent evidence demonstrates that α-syn preformed fibrils (α-syn PFF) can be detected in the serum of PD patients.

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Increasing evidence suggests that anesthesia may induce developmental neurotoxicity, yet the influence of genetic predispositions associated with congenital anomalies on this toxicity remains largely unknown. Children with congenital heart disease often exhibit mutations in cilia-related genes and ciliary dysfunction, requiring sedation for their catheter or surgical interventions during the neonatal period. Here we demonstrate that briefly exposing ciliopathic neonatal mice to ketamine causes motor skill impairments, which are associated with a baseline deficit in neocortical layer V neuron apical spine density and their altered dynamics during motor learning.

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Sex is an important covariate in all genetic and epigenetic research due to its role in the incidence, progression and outcome of many phenotypic characteristics and human diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with a sex bias towards higher incidence in males. Here, we report for the first time a blood-based epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis in 9274 individuals after stringent quality control (5529 males and 3975 females).

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Lipid nanoparticles and transcranial focused ultrasound enhance the delivery of SOD1 antisense oligonucleotides to the murine brain for ALS therapy.

J Control Release

December 2024

School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • ALS is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by the buildup of misfolded proteins in motor neurons, prompting researchers to find ways to reduce this burden for potential treatment.
  • Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been identified as a promising option to target proteins like SOD1 that cause mutations, but their delivery to the central nervous system is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier.
  • The study demonstrates that using transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) along with calcium phosphate lipid nanoparticles significantly enhances the delivery of a SOD1 ASO into the brain of mice, leading to reduced SOD1 levels and improved motor neuron survival without damaging brain tissue.
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KIF5A regulates axonal repair and time-dependent axonal transport of SFPQ granules and mitochondria in human motor neurons.

Neurobiol Dis

December 2024

Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Mutations in the microtubule-binding motor protein kinesin 5 A (KIF5A) are implicated in several adult-onset motor neuron diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Spastic Paraplegia Type 10 and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2. While KIF5 family members transport a variety of cargos along axons, the specific cargos affected by KIF5A mutations remain poorly understood. Here, we generated KIF5Anull mutant human motor neurons and analyzed the impact on axonal transport and motor neuron outgrowth and regeneration in vitro.

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To investigate the causal relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites and various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. This study utilized summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of CSF metabolites and four common neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MR methods were employed to determine causal associations, with the inverse variance weighted method as the primary approach.

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Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from an intricate interplay between genetics and environmental factors. Many studies have explored living in rural areas as a possible risk factor for ALS, without focusing simultaneously on incidence, age at onset and phenotypic features.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of croplands residential proximity on ALS incidence and phenotype, focusing on age of onset, site of onset and progression rate.

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Cost-utility analysis of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy in Japan.

J Med Econ

December 2025

Novartis Gene Therapies Switzerland GmbH, Rotkreuz, Switzerland.

Aims: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, atrophy, respiratory failure, and in severe cases, infantile death. Early detection and treatment before symptom onset may substantially improve outcomes, allowing patients to achieve age-appropriate motor milestones and longer survival. We assessed the cost-utility of newborn screening (NBS) for SMA in Japan.

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Background: Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes (PNS) constitute a heterogeneous cluster of disease manifestations related to various cancers. Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is strongly related to PNS. This narrative review conducted a survey in the available PubMed literature to highlight the appearance of PNSs in SCLC cases and discuss published research highlights on the subject so that general practitioners can be acquainted with the medical phenomenon present in SCLC patients.

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RuvBL1/2 reduce toxic dipeptide repeat protein burden in multiple models of C9orf72-ALS/FTD.

Life Sci Alliance

February 2025

https://ror.org/05krs5044 Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

A G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). Bidirectional transcription and subsequent repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of sense and antisense transcripts leads to the formation of five dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. These DPRs are toxic in a wide range of cell and animal models.

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Harnessing osmotic shock for enhanced intracellular delivery of (nano)cargos.

Int J Pharm

December 2024

genT_LΛB, Dept. of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Efficient intracellular delivery of exogenous (nano)materials is critical for both research and therapeutic applications. The physicochemical properties of the cargo play a crucial role in determining internalization efficacy. Consequently, significant research efforts are focused on developing innovative and effective methodologies to optimize (nano)material delivery.

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Motor Neuron Diseases and Central Nervous System Tractopathies: Clinical-Radiologic Correlation and Diagnostic Approach.

Radiographics

January 2025

From the Departments of Radiology (A.B.D., A.A., E.H.M., A.A.B., V.G.) and Neurology (A.S.M., K.H.M., S.L.C.), Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.K., E.S., E.P.F.); and Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy (E.S.).

Article Synopsis
  • * Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common acquired motor neuron disease, with multiple variants affecting different motor neuron types; characteristic MRI features include T2 hyperintensities along key areas of the brain.
  • * Other conditions, including toxic, metabolic, genetic, and infectious diseases, can also damage corticospinal tracts, leading to upper motor neuron injury symptoms, which can be identified through MRI imaging.
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Hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons is a neuropathological signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These aggregates have been proposed to possess a toxic disease driving role in ALS pathogenesis and progression, however, the contribution of phosphorylation to TDP-43 aggregation and ALS disease mechanisms remains poorly understood. We've previously shown that CK1δ and CK1ε phosphorylate TDP-43 at disease relevant sites, and that genetic reduction and chemical inhibition could reduce phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) levels in cellular models.

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