Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities - facing the challenge Value and limitations of lipid lowering drugs in liver disease Effects/Interactions of lipid-lowering agents on/with the liver.

Objectives: This review aims to examine the evidence on the benefits and risks of lipid lowering drugs in patients with liver disease. Elevated liver enzyme levels often lead to cautious discontinuation of these drugs, potentially withholding from patients their benefit in reducing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

Methods And Results: Using a literature search of PubMed, we examine the efficacy and safety profiles of various lipid lowering agents, including statins, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, PCSK9 inhibitors, fibrates, and icosapent ethyl, focusing particularly on their potential side effects related to liver health.

Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of ischaemic stroke after diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: a Norwegian nationwide register study.

Objectives: RA patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of RA on ischaemic stroke risk in the context of AF remains unknown. We explored whether the risk of ischaemic stroke after diagnosis of AF is further increased among patients with RA compared with non-RA patients.

Methods: In the nationwide Norwegian Cardio-Rheuma Register, we evaluated cumulative incidence and hazard rate of ischaemic stroke after the first AF diagnosis (2750 individuals with RA and 158 879 without RA between 2010 and 2017) by using a competing risk model with a 3-month delayed entry.

Management of dyslipidaemia in patients with comorbidities: facing the challenge.

Dyslipidaemia is a common chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to excessively elevated cardiovascular mortality. The pathophysiology is complex and modified by comorbidities like the presence/absence of proteinuria, diabetes mellitus or drug treatment. This paper provides an overview of currently available treatment options.

Criterion Validity and Responsiveness of Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness Models in Patients with Inflammatory Joint Disease.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an excellent marker of overall health. This study aimed to assess criterion validity and responsiveness of estimated CRF models (eCRF) in patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD). CRF was measured directly as peak oxygen uptake (VO) by a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET), while one generic eCRF model (eCRF) and two disease-specific eCRF models (eCRF and eCRF) were used to estimate CRF at baseline and after 3 months in 55 Norwegian patients with IJD.

Associations between cardiovascular risk factors, disease activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with inflammatory joint disease: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Inflammatory joint diseases (IJD) are accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a modifiable CVD risk factor and low levels of CRF associate with an elevated CVD risk. This study aimed to investigate the associations between CVD risk factors, disease activity and CRF in patients with IJD and to explore differences between patients with normal versus low levels of CRF.

A Clinical Audit of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis - SURF-RA.

Background And Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This implies a need for meticulous CVD risk factor recording and control.

Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the international prevalence of ASCVD in RA patients and to audit the prevalence and control of CVD risk factors.

Oral anticoagulant treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients with atrial fibrillation results of an international audit.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to evaluate the proportion of patients with AF receiving guideline-recommended anticoagulation for prevention of stroke, based on data from a large international audit.

Methods: The cohort was derived from the international audit rvey of cardiovascular disease isk actors in patients with heumatoid rthritis (SURF-RA) which collected data from 17 countries during 2014-2019. We evaluated the prevalence of AF across world regions and explored factors associated with the presence of AF with multivariable logistic regression models.

Long-term cardiovascular prognosis of patients with type 1 diabetes after myocardial infarction.

Background: To explore long-term cardiovascular prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) among patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 1 diabetes surviving 90 days after MI (n = 1508; 60% male, mean age = 62.1 years) or without any type of diabetes (n = 62,785) in Finland during 2005-2018 were retrospectively studied using multiple national registries.

Case Fatality of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes is a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to evaluate the case fatality in patients with type 1 diabetes after MI.

Research Design And Methods: Consecutive patients experiencing MI with type 1 diabetes (n = 1,935; 41% female; mean age 62.

Less revascularization in young women but impaired long-term outcomes in young men after myocardial infarction.

Aims: Female sex has previously been associated with poorer outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI), although evidence is scarce among young patients. We studied sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes after MI in young patients <55 years old.

Methods And Results: Consecutive young (18-54 years) all-comer patients with out-of-hospital MI admitted to 20 Finnish hospitals (n = 8934, 17.

Effect of high-intensity exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular disease risk and disease activity in patients with inflammatory joint disease: protocol for the ExeHeart randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Inflammatory joint disease (IJD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) fostered by systemic inflammation and a high prevalence of CVD risk factors. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important health parameter and CRF-measures are advocated in routine health evaluations. CRF associates with CVD risk, and exercise modalities such as high intensity interval training (HIIT) can increase CRF and mitigate CVD risk factors.

Facing the challenge of polypharmacy when prescribing for older people with cardiovascular disease. A review by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.

Population ageing has resulted in an increasing number of older people living with chronic diseases (multimorbidity) requiring five or more medications daily (polypharmacy). Ageing produces important changes in the cardiovascular system and represents the most potent single cardiovascular risk factor. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute the greatest burden for older people, their caregivers, and healthcare systems.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes of Older Adults After Myocardial Infarction.

Background Evidence on the impact of sex on prognoses after myocardial infarction (MI) among older adults is limited. We evaluated sex differences in long-term cardiovascular outcomes after MI in older adults. Methods and Results All patients with MI ≥70 years admitted to 20 Finnish hospitals during a 10-year period and discharged alive were studied retrospectively using a combination of national registries (n=31 578, 51% men, mean age 79).

Challenges in cardiovascular pharmacogenomics implementation: a viewpoint from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacogenomics promises to advance cardiovascular therapy, but there remain pragmatic barriers to implementation. These are particularly important to explore within Europe, as there are differences in the populations, availability of resources, and expertise, as well as in ethico-legal frameworks. Differences in healthcare delivery across Europe present a challenge, but also opportunities to collaborate on pharmacogenomics implementation.

Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an international audit.

Aim: The objective was to examine the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and its risk factors among patients with RA with diabetes mellitus (RA-DM) and patients with RA without diabetes mellitus (RAwoDM), and to evaluate lipid and blood pressure (BP) goal attainment in RA-DM and RAwoDM in primary and secondary prevention.

Methods: The cohort was derived from the Survey of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis from 53 centres/19 countries/3 continents during 2014-2019. We evaluated the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among RA-DM and RAwoDM.

An international audit of the management of dyslipidaemia and hypertension in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from 19 countries.

Aims: To assess differences in estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from different world regions and to evaluate the management and goal attainment of lipids and blood pressure (BP).

Methods And Results: The survey of CVD risk factors in patients with RA was conducted in 14 503 patients from 19 countries during 2014-19. The treatment goal for BP was <140/90 mmHg.

Degree of arterial stiffness is comparable across inflammatory joint disease entities.

Objectives: Inflammatory joint disease (IJD) is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Arterial stiffness is both a risk factor and a surrogate marker for CVD. This study aims to compare arterial stiffness across patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis, and, by extension, to explore the relationship between arterial stiffness and the estimated CVD risk by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm.