Enoxaparin for VTE thromboprophylaxis during inpatient rehabilitation care: assessment of the standard fixed dosing regimen.

Background: We aimed to examine the efficiency of fixed daily dose enoxaparin (40 mg) thromboprophylaxis strategy for patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: This was an observational, prospective, cohort study that included 63 hospitalized patients undergoing rehabilitative treatment following sub-acute ischemic stroke (SAIS) or spinal cord injury (SCI), with an indication for thromboprophylaxis. Anti-Xa level measured three hours post-drug administration (following three consecutive days of enoxaparin treatment or more) was utilised to assess in vivo enoxaparin activity.

Contemporary Use of Prophylactic Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Patients With Severe Traumatic Injuries and High Thromboembolic Event Risk.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prophylactic inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) implantation and in-hospital deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and mortality among adults with intracranial, pelvic or lower extremity, and spinal cord injuries.

Methods: Patients 18 years and older with severe intracranial, pelvic or lower extremity, or spinal cord injuries captured by the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010-2019) were identified. IVCFs implanted ≤72 hours after hospital presentation and before performance of lower extremity ultrasonography were defined as prophylactic.

The Pathophysiology, Identification and Management of Fracture Risk, Sublesional Osteoporosis and Fracture among Adults with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: The prevention of lower extremity fractures and fracture-related morbidity and mortality is a critical component of health services for adults living with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Established best practices and guideline recommendations are articulated in recent international consensus documents from the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, the Paralyzed Veterans of America Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine and the Orthopedic Trauma Association.

Results: This review is a synthesis of the aforementioned consensus documents, which highlight the pathophysiology of lower extremity bone mineral density (BMD) decline after acute SCI.

Survey of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in trauma patients: current prescribing practices and concordance with clinical practice guidelines.

Objectives: Pharmacological venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is recommended in the vast majority of trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize current dosing practices and timing of initiation of pharmacological VTE chemoprophylaxis at trauma centers.

Methods: This was an international, cross-sectional survey of trauma providers.

Thrombosis in Cushing's disease; raising the flag of concern.

Cushing's disease (CD) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. The purpose of this review is to discuss preventive strategies for post-operative thrombosis in CD patients and their impact on patient outcomes. A systematic review under PRISMA guidelines was conducted within PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases through July 2022.

A critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for management of four common complications after spinal cord injury.

Background Context: Complications such as pressure sores, pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are common after spinal cord injury (SCI). These have serious consequences for patients' physical, social, and vocational well-being. Several authoritative organizations have developed guidelines for managing these complications after SCI.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications and In-Hospital Mortality Following Surgery for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Background and objective The operative priority in the setting of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is to decompress the injured spinal cord and stabilize the vertebral column. Currently, there is a relative paucity of evidence regarding associations of patient and surgical factors with in-hospital mortality following traumatic SCI. In light of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of injury, patient, and surgical factors with in-hospital morbidity and mortality.

Safe endovascular retrieval of a vena cava filter after duodenal perforation.

The use of vena cava filters (VCF) is a common procedure utilized in the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE), yet VCFs have some significant and known complications, such as strut penetration and migration. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that as many as 900,000 individuals are affected by these each year with estimates suggesting that nearly 60,000-100,000 Americans die of DVT/PE each year.

Venous thromboembolism risk after spinal cord injury: A secondary analysis of the CLOTT study.

Introduction: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis (VTEppx) is frequently delayed in patients with SCI because of concerns for bleeding risk. Here, we hypothesized that delaying VTEppx until >48 hours would be associated with increased risk of thrombotic events.

In-hospital thromboembolic complications after frozen elephant trunk aortic arch repair.

Objective: This study evaluated the frequency and clinical impact of thromboembolic complications after frozen elephant trunk aortic arch repair using the Thoraflex device (Terumo Aortic).

Methods: A total of 128 consecutive patients (mean age 67.9 ± 13.

Prophylactic IVC filter placement in patients with severe intracranial, spinal cord, and orthopedic injuries at high thromboembolic event risk: A utilization and outcomes analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank.

Purpose: To determine relationships between prophylactic inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) insertion and pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and in-hospital mortality outcomes in patients with severe traumatic pelvic/lower extremity, intracranial, and spinal cord injuries.

Methods: Adult patients with severe traumatic pelvic/lower extremity, intracranial, and spinal cord injuries admitted to level I-IV trauma centers were selected from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). IVCFs that were inserted both ≤48 h after admission and before a lower extremity venous ultrasound were defined as prophylactic.

Safety of early posterior fusion surgery without endovascular embolization for asymptomatic vertebral artery occlusion associated with cervical spine trauma.

Purpose: Vertebral artery occlusion (VAO) is an increasingly recognized complication of cervical spine trauma. However, the management strategy of VAO remains heavily debated. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the safety of early fusion surgery for traumatic VAO.

Heparin and Derivatives for Advanced Cell Therapies.

Heparin and its derivatives are saving thousands of human lives annually, by successfully preventing and treating thromboembolic events. Although the mode of action during anticoagulation is well studied, their influence on cell behavior is not fully understood as is the risk of bleeding and other side effects. New applications in regenerative medicine have evolved supporting production of cell-based therapeutics or as a substrate for creating functionalized matrices in biotechnology.

Influence of severity and level of injury on the occurrence of complications during the subacute and chronic stage of traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

Objective: Secondary health conditions (SHCs) are long-term complications that frequently occur due to traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) and can negatively affect quality of life in this patient population. This study provides an overview of the associations between the severity and level of injury and the occurrence of SHCs in tSCI.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase that retrieved 44 studies on the influence of severity and/or level of injury on the occurrence of SHCs in the subacute and chronic phase of tSCI (from 3 months after trauma).

Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: Appropriate venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis in trauma and emergency general surgery (EGS) patients is crucial.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to review the recent literature and offer recommendations for VTE chemoprophylaxis in trauma and EGS patients.

Methods: We conducted a literature search from 2000 to 2021 for articles investigating VTE chemoprophylaxis in adult trauma and EGS patients.

Delayed lumbar plexus palsy due to giant psoas hematoma associated with vertebral compression fracture and direct oral anticoagulants: a case report.

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are commonly observed in elderly people and can be treated by conservatively with minimal risk of complications in most cases. However, utilization of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) increases the risks of secondary hematoma even after insignificant trauma. The use of DOACs increased over the past decade because of their approval and recommendation for both stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous thromboembolism.

The effectiveness and safety of LMWH for preventing thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis.

Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are commonly used for preventing venous thrombosis of the lower extremity in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. Although, LMWH is the most commonly used drug, it has yet to be established whether it is more effective and safer than UFH. Further, a comparison of the effectiveness of LMWH in preventing thrombosis at different locations and different degrees of spinal cord injury has also not been clearly defined.

Preconception, Antepartum, and Peripartum Care for the Woman With a Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of the Literature.

Importance: Spinal cord injury (SCI) may result in temporary or permanent loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic function, presenting unique medical and psychosocial challenges in women during their childbearing years.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the literature and describe the spectrum of pregnancy considerations, complications, and evidence-based obstetric practices in women with SCI.

Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was undertaken using the search engines of PubMed and Web of Science using the terms "spinal cord injury" or "spinal cord complications" and "pregnancy outcomes" or "pregnancy complications.