Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Consensuses and Controversies.

Exercise is widely considered beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, on rare occasions, athletes experience sudden cardiac death without any preceding symptoms. The devastating nature of these events necessitates us to understand the underlying causes.

Calciphylaxis due to metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma.

A 70-year-old man with history of metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma was presented to the hospital with a painful left lower extremity ulcer which started around 3 months prior to presentation. He was treated with antibiotics for cellulitis on multiple occasions with no improvement in his symptoms. On initial laboratory evaluation, he was found to have acute kidney injury and a normal calcium level.

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis due to Chronic Bacterial Sinusitis.

The cavernous sinus is the most frequent dural sinus to become infected and thrombosed. Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis has become rare since the advent of antibiotics. We herein present a case of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis caused by chronic bacterial sinusitis.

Gout Due to Tacrolimus in a Liver Transplant Recipient.

Patients taking tacrolimus have an increased predisposition to hyperuricemia. Although literature has widely established the risk of gout in patients taking cyclosporine, the widespread use of tacrolimus in patients following liver transplantation necessitates further investigation into the potential connection between the drug's use and gout. Moreover, hyperuricemia in the context of liver transplants is associated with increased morbidities and mortalities.

Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline.

Objective: The objective is to formulate clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of diabetes in older adults.

Conclusions: Diabetes, particularly type 2, is becoming more prevalent in the general population, especially in individuals over the age of 65 years. The underlying pathophysiology of the disease in these patients is exacerbated by the direct effects of aging on metabolic regulation.

Pylephlebitis: A Case of Inferior Mesenteric Vein Thrombophlebitis in a Patient with Acute Sigmoid Diverticulitis-A Case Report and Clinical Management Review.

Pylephlebitis is a rare complication of intra-abdominal infections and describes thrombosis and infection as two different pathophysiological phenomena in the cause of this disease. The nonspecific presentation of disease makes its diagnosis difficult and thus leads to high mortality. The treatment comprises antibiotics and also includes controversial use of anticoagulation in these patients.

Effect of Troponin I Elevation on Duration of Mechanical Ventilation and Length of Intensive Care Unit Stay in Patients With Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Recent studies suggest that troponin elevation is associated with increased mortality in sepsis patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of troponin elevation on mechanical ventilation duration and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay in patients with sepsis.

Erratum: Radiation therapy-induced aortoesophageal fistula: a case report and review of literature.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gou081.].

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and the Domino Effect.

BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridemia is a well-known cause of acute pancreatitis. Mild elevations of triglyceride levels are common in patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Rarely, DKA can be accompanied by an elevation of serum triglyceride level severe enough to lead to AP.

A Complex Cardiac Mass Originating from Interatrial Septum in a Patient with History of Kidney Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Cardiac tumors are a rare phenomenon, and most cases are secondary to metastatic cancers rather than primary tumors. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is notorious for metastasis to cardiac tissue. Tumor thrombus migration to the renal vein and inferior vena cava happens in up to 10% of patients with RCC.

Death on the Dome: Epidemiology of Recreational Deaths on Half Dome in Yosemite National Park.

Introduction: One of the most popular destinations in Yosemite National Park is Half Dome. Overcrowding at the turn of the 21st century prompted a restriction of hiker access to cable handrails to the summit without technical rock climbing equipment. Prior epidemiological study of Half Dome deaths is not known to the authors.

A Patient Presenting with Cardiac Tamponade and the Challenges of Finding Its Cause: A Cardiac Angiosarcoma.

Primary malignancies of the heart are so rare that most of the available data come from case reports or large single-center-based studies, with the overall incidence of 0.02% in the United States. Diagnosis in case of an isolated pericardial effusion as presentation is challenging, and determining that an angiosarcoma is even more challenging.

Hypoglycemia Prevention by Algorithm Design During Intravenous Insulin Infusion.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines algorithm design features that may reduce risk for hypoglycemia while preserving glycemic control during intravenous insulin infusion. We focus principally upon algorithms in which the assignment of the insulin infusion rate (IR) depends upon maintenance rate of insulin infusion (MR) or a multiplier.

Recent Findings: Design features that may mitigate risk for hypoglycemia include use of a mid-protocol bolus feature and establishment of a low BG threshold for temporary interruption of infusion.

Proximal Sessile Serrated Adenomas Are More Prevalent in Caucasians, and Gastroenterologists Are Better Than Nongastroenterologists at Their Detection.

Background And Aim: Proximal sessile serrated adenomas (PSSA) leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) represent an alternate pathway for CRC development. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of PSSAs and the impact of patient, colonoscopy, and endoscopist-related factors on PSSA detection.

Methods: Patients ≥ 50 years of age undergoing a screening colonoscopy between 2012 and 2014 were included.

Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Melioidosis is a frequently fatal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It is a rare imported pathogen in the United States and is a potential bioterror agent. We report the case of an 82-year-old previously healthy man who presented with 2 weeks of fever and epigastric pain after he returned from the Philippines.

Clot in Lung, Clot in Heart: A Case Report of Tumor-Like Thrombus in Right Atrium.

Tumor-like formation of thrombus in the right atrial cavity is rare. It may be mistaken for a myxoma. The exact pathophysiology of an isolated thrombus in the heart is still unclear.

Surveillance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reduces Mortality: an Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted Analysis.

Background: Evidence supporting benefit of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in reducing mortality is not well-established. The effect of HCC surveillance in reducing mortality was assessed by an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-based analysis controlled for inherent bias and confounders in observational studies.

Material And Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 446 patients diagnosed with HCC between 2007 and 2013 at a major referral center.