Fundamental absorption bandwidth to thickness limit for transparent homogeneous layers.

Past work has considered the analytic properties of the reflection coefficient for a metal-backed slab. The primary result established a fundamental relationship for the minimal layer thickness to bandwidth ratio achievable for an absorber. There has yet to be establishment of a similar relationship for non-metal-backed layers, and here we present the universal result based on the Kramers-Kronig relations.

RNA-programmable cell type monitoring and manipulation in the human cortex with CellREADR.

Reliable and systematic experimental access to diverse cell types is necessary for understanding the neural circuit organization, function, and pathophysiology of the human brain. Methods for targeting human neural populations are scarce and currently center around identifying and engineering transcriptional enhancers and viral capsids. Here we demonstrate the utility of CellREADR, a programmable RNA sensor-effector technology that couples cellular RNA sensing to effector protein translation, for accessing, monitoring, and manipulating specific neuron types in human cortical tissues.

Metrics for evaluation of automatic epileptogenic zone localization in intracranial electrophysiology.

Introduction: Precise localization of the epileptogenic zone is critical for successful epilepsy surgery. However, imbalanced datasets in terms of epileptic vs. normal electrode contacts and a lack of standardized evaluation guidelines hinder the consistent evaluation of automatic machine learning localization models.

Epigenetics of Hypertensive Nephropathy.

Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), contributing to significant morbidity, mortality, and rising healthcare costs. In this review article, we explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms in HN progression and their potential therapeutic implications. We begin by examining key epigenetic modifications-DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs-observed in kidney disease.

A human stem cell-derived model reveals pathologic extracellular matrix remodeling in diabetic podocyte injury.

Diabetic nephropathy results from chronic (or uncontrolled) hyperglycemia and is the leading cause of kidney failure. The kidney's glomerular podocytes are highly susceptible to diabetic injury and subsequent non-reversible degeneration. We generated a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived model of diabetic podocytopathy to investigate disease pathogenesis and progression.

Quantifying epileptic networks: every data point brings us a step closer to an optimized surgery.

This scientific commentary refers to 'The sixth sense: how much does interictal intracranial EEG add to determining the focality of epileptic networks?', by Gallagher . (https://doi.org/10.

Navigating Stigma Against At-Risk Sexual and Gender Minority Populations to End the HIV Epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa.

In the past year, new laws criminalizing same-sex conduct and the promotion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) rights have emerged as barriers to addressing the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An augmented approach to addressing HIV within the region's disproportionately affected LGBTQ populations, particularly transgender women and gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), is imperative for achieving the international goal of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030. In this article, we present recommendations to bolster the continuum of HIV care for MSM and transgender women in SSA.

Four-tract tractography: multiparametric direct targeting of the dentatorubrothalamic tract.

This video article presents a case study of a 70-year-old male with medically refractory essential tremor treated with magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). Following an initial successful ablation of the right thalamus, the patient underwent left-sided thalamotomy. After two tractography-guided sonications, the authors observed a significant reduction in his right-hand tremor with no immediate side effects.

Brain network fingerprints of Alzheimer's disease risk factors in mouse models with humanized APOE alleles.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents complex challenges due to its multifactorial nature, poorly understood etiology, and late detection. The mechanisms through which genetic and modifiable risk factors influence disease susceptibility are under intense investigation, with APOE being the major genetic risk factor for late onset AD. Yet the impact of unique risk factors on brain networks is difficult to disentangle, and their interactions remain unclear.

Machine learning in the diagnosis, management, and care of patients with low back pain: a scoping review of the literature and future directions.

Background Context: Low back pain (LBP) remains the leading cause of disability globally. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a potentially useful tool to aid the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of LBP.

Purpose: In this review, we assess the scope of ML applications in the LBP literature and outline gaps and opportunities.

Extracting Critical Information from Unstructured Clinicians' Notes Data to Identify Dementia Severity Using a Rule-Based Approach: Feasibility Study.

Background: The severity of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) is rarely documented in structured data fields in electronic health records (EHRs). Although this information is important for clinical monitoring and decision-making, it is often undocumented or "hidden" in unstructured text fields and not readily available for clinicians to act upon.

Objective: We aimed to assess the feasibility and potential bias in using keywords and rule-based matching for obtaining information about the severity of ADRD from EHR data.

Sleep-related hypermotor seizures originating from the occipital lobe.

We present two unique cases of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) originating from the occipital lobe. Patients with sleep-related seizures and drug-resistant occipital lobe epilepsy were identified from the ANPHY lab stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) research database at the Duke Comprehensive Epilepsy Center. We identified two young females with frequent sleep-related focal seizures and occasional focal to bilateral tonic clonic seizures characterized by hypermotor movements.

Fenestrated Endothelial Cells across Organs: Insights into Kidney Function and Disease.

In the human body, the vascular system plays an indispensable role in maintaining homeostasis by supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells and organs and facilitating the removal of metabolic waste and toxins. Blood vessels-the key constituents of the vascular system-are composed of a layer of endothelial cells on their luminal surface. In most organs, tightly packed endothelial cells serve as a barrier separating blood and lymph from surrounding tissues.

Interictal stereo-electroencephalography features below 45 Hz are sufficient for correct localization of the epileptogenic zone and postsurgical outcome prediction.

Objective: Evidence suggests that the most promising results in interictal localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) are achieved by a combination of multiple stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) biomarkers in machine learning models. These biomarkers usually include SEEG features calculated in standard frequency bands, but also high-frequency (HF) bands. Unfortunately, HF features require extra effort to record, store, and process.

Unleashing the power of biomaterials to enhance organoid differentiation and function.

Biomaterials are revolutionizing organoid development by offering tunable platforms that provide instructive cues, which enhance cell fate transitions, tissue-level functions and reproducibility. These advances are crucial for harnessing the translational potential of organoids.

Development of a stereo-EEG based seizure matching system for clinical decision making in epilepsy surgery.

The proportion of patients becoming seizure-free after epilepsy surgery has stagnated. Large multi-center stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) datasets can allow comparing new patients to past similar cases and making clinical decisions with the knowledge of how cases were treated in the past. However, the complexity of these evaluations makes the manual search for similar patients impractical.

Generalizability of electroencephalographic interpretation using artificial intelligence: An external validation study.

Objective: The automated interpretation of clinical electroencephalograms (EEGs) using artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to bridge the treatment gap in resource-limited settings and reduce the workload at specialized centers. However, to facilitate broad clinical implementation, it is essential to establish generalizability across diverse patient populations and equipment. We assessed whether SCORE-AI demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of experts when applied to a geographically different patient population, recorded with distinct EEG equipment and technical settings.