[Persistent injecting practices in subjects on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy. A study of 600 cases].

A descriptive study conducted at the Louis-Harris Institute enrolled 600 patients taking methadone or buprenorphine (Subutex((R))) substitution therapy who were followed by general practitioners or specialists working in specialized clinics. The objective was to look for factors correlated with persistent injecting practices. Several factors were found to be statistically correlated with persistent injecting practices: impulsiveness, depressive state, and relative under-dosing (first daily or globally) in patients on Subutex((R)).

Biliopancreatic reflux esophagitis: the role of the Roux-en-Y long-limb diversion.

Since the end of the nineteenth century, numerous operations were designed to relieve reflux of duodenal content into the stomach and hence the esophagus under certain conditions. The basic surgical principle remains almost invariably the confection of a long Roux-en-Y jejunal limb. The most effective remedial operations are the total duodenal diversion and the supra papillary duodenal diversion.

[A classical form of actinomycoses involving the mouth, face bones, orbit and base of the cranium in an African patient].

Osteitis due to actinomycosis is now an uncommon clinical entity in industrialized countries. This report describes a classic case of imported actinomycosis involving the buccal cavity, facial bones, orbit and skull base. For two years after the onset, various diagnoses followed by different medical as well as surgical treatments were unsuccessfully attempted first in Senegal then in Italy.

[New progress and new tools for the study of molecular genetics in dyslipoproteinemia].

More than three centuries after Mendel, at the era of electronic and computed information taking over the principle of information transmitted in discrete "packets" on the "internet", the sequence of the human genome is about to be completely released on public databases accessible on that very same internet. The gene, classically a virtual object, has become after several decades of intensive progress in cellular and molecular biology, a real object commonly manipulated and analyzed. More than fifty genes have been identified in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism, giving rise to novel molecular pathophysiological bases for dyslipoproteinemia and beyond to other disorders related with lipid homeostasis.

[Effectiveness of 4microA electroanalgesia during scaling].

What comfort can be brought by electro-analgesia in scaling? A clinical experimentation including 54 cases evidenced that scaling is not sufficiently regular. The fear of pain is a major cause. Electro-analgesia at 4 microA, provides a valuable solution to this problem, with a recognized in 59% of patients.

[Electroanalgesia: operating principles].

We are faced every day with the problem of dental pain arising from the concomitant action of the nerve fibres, the odontoblasts and the dentinal fluid. Its propagation is due to the triggering of the action potential from the resting potential. It can be reduced thanks to a reversible process of anelectrotonus in electro-analgesia.

Five methods of calcium hydroxide intracanal placement: an in vitro evaluation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide paste using 5 techniques of placement.

Study Design: After endodontic preparation, each of 50 single-rooted premolars was filled with calcium hydroxide paste through use of one of the following techniques: Gutta-Condensor, MecaShaper, K-type ultrasonic file, Lentulo, and Pastinject. Radiographs of all 3 third root zones were made after cleaning and shaping and obturation.

[INSERM-FNCLCC collective expert's report. Recommendations for management of women having a genetic risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. National Federation of Centers of the Fight Against Cancer].

Background: Almost 10% of breast and ovarian cancer are inherited, and the majority are linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations. Despite the uncertainty, consensus guidelines were defined to assist practitioners', and patients' decisions about the health care decisions to be made.

Methodology: The Ad Hoc Committee consisted of 14 experts designated by the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research.

[Psychiatry today].

Unlabelled: A COMMON SITUATION: Primary care physicians often provide care for schizophrenic patients. The main approaches include drug regimens, psychotherapy and psychosocial support.

Drug Therapy: Neuroleptics should be given in single drug regimens in a continuous protocol for long periods.

[Which graft for which patient? and when? II. Organ supply and allocation].

Despite progress realised in transplantation and organ procurement, there is an increasing gap between the number of patients on the national waiting list and the number of harvested organs. As a result, the appropriate organs must be matched with the appropriate patient, with two constraints: equity and efficacy. In a context of lack of organs, another public health problematic is to conciliate both the interests of a given patient and the interests of those on the waiting lists.

[Pelvic actinomycosis abscess and intrauterine device].

A case of association between IUD and a left tubal actinomycotic abscess is presented. The 45 year old patient was wearing an IUD for five years. The symptomatology was mainly that of pelvic pain with an associated mass in the left iliac fossa.

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. 2nd: Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop: practical proposals].

After having in a first part established facts, the authors in a second part, would like the french pharmacy faculties to be more open to the profession. In order to reach this aim, at least one teacher per faculty must direct a research towards the assessment of professional practices by creating observatories in order to measure better what is going on in the field and consequently make the evolution in teaching possible. The author, a professor in clinical pharmacy, the latter being a discipline which is naturally open to professional practices, relates an original experiences carried out in Grenoble about the activity of a quality assurance centre for the pharmaceutical act.

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop].

Academic people devote themselves too rarely to an analysis of the evolution in a profession for which 80% of its students are intending to take up, that is, a dispensing chemist. This article is divided into three parts: the first part is an analysis aiming at understanding a certain moroseness felt by dispensing chemists in a society which is evolving. The pharmacy faculties, very centred on themselves, preoccupied about their scientific recognitions, are more and more getting away from the field professionals, both by their teaching and by their research.

[Radiologic diagnosis for a Gabonese case].

We describe a case of porocephalosis diagnosed in a 50 year old Gabonese male hospitalized in France for a HIV-related renal insufficiency. A standard abdominal radiography showed numerous ring-shaped calcifications, predominantly in the hepatic area. This aspect was very suggestive of the diagnosis in a patient living in Central Africa and eating occasionally meat of snake.

[Prevalence of skin manifestations in AIDS patients in the Lome-Tokoin University Hospital (Togo)].

A prospective study was conducted for 13 months to determine the prevalence of skin disease in AIDS patients in the Lome teaching hospital. 99 of the 120 AIDS patients (75 males, 49 females) examined during this period had skin diseases (82.5% of the cases).