The Role of Sirtuins in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comprehensive Review.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the kidneys. A class of proteins called sirtuins is well-known to be important for a number of cellular functions, such as metabolism, stress tolerance, and ageing. Among them, SIRT1 is associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, a dangerous kidney-related consequence of diabetes mellitus.

Molecular dynamics in pharmaceutical nanotechnology: simulating interactions and advancing applications.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are now widely utilized in pharmaceutical nanotechnology to gain deeper understanding of nanoscale processes imperative to drug design. This review has also detailed how MD simulation can be employed in the study of drug-nanocarrier interactions, controlling release of chemical compounds from drug delivery systems and increasing solubility and bioavailability of nanocarriers. Furthermore, MD contributes to examining the drug delivery systems, measuring the toxic effects, and determining biocompatibility of nanomedical systems.

Paederia Foetida Linn (Rubiaceae): Chemical Diversity, Phytopharmacological Potential, Quantitative Analysis and Clinical Approaches.

The discovery of novel counteractive pharmaceuticals, which have recently generated much interest, has played a significant role in the development of drugs derived from herbal medicines or botanical sources. Paederia foetida (P. foetida) is one such example of a role in both traditional and traditional medicine.

Pioneering a New Era in Oral Cancer Treatment with Electrospun Nanofibers: A Comprehensive Insight.

Oral cancer, currently ranked 16th among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide according to GLOBOCAN, presents significant challenges to global oral health. Conventional treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy often have limitations, prompting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution aimed at developing biocompatible, functional, and biologically responsive tissue constructs.

Basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive polymer: Development of naproxen sodium microspheres and suppositories with and studies.

Background And Purpose: The study explores basil seed mucilage as a bioadhesive carrier for naproxen sodium, demonstrating its ability to enhance solubility when administered rectally. The mucilage, derived from seeds, showed bioadhesive properties and thermal stability, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Experimental Approach: Microspheres were prepared using a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique, varying polymer ratios to optimize drug delivery.

A Comprehensive Review of Fear of Eating Behaviour in Individuals with Diabetes: Exploring Therapeutic Interventions for Diabulimia.

Objective: This review aims to comprehensively analyse the fear of eating behaviour in individuals with diabetes, known as diabulimia or ED-DMT1. The emotional and psychological factors contributing to disordered eating behaviours, their impact on diabetes management, and potential consequences on physical health are explored. Various therapeutic interventions, including cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychological support, the role of nutrition education, individualized treatment plans support groups in managing fear of eating behaviour in diabetes are examined and discussed.

Deciphering the mechanisms and effects of hyperglycemia on skeletal muscle atrophy.

Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, significantly contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy, characterized by progressive muscle mass and strength loss. This review summarizes the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced muscle atrophy, examines clinical evidence, and discusses preventive and therapeutic strategies. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant papers on hyperglycemic skeletal muscle atrophy.

Understanding the impact of diabetes on bone health: A clinical review.

Diabetic bone disease, a form of secondary osteoporosis, is characterized by weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review explores the key mechanisms driving this condition, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and proinflammatory cytokines, all of which disturb normal bone turnover by disrupting the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We examine the roles of bone turnover and mineralization, as well as how microvascular complications affect bone microarchitecture.

Nano-enabled pharmacogenomics: revolutionizing personalized drug therapy.

The combination of pharmacogenomics and nanotechnology science of pharmacogenomics into a highly advanced single entity has given birth to personalized medicine known as nano-enabled pharmacogenomics. This review article covers all aspects starting from pharmacogenomics to gene editing tools, how these have evolved or are likely to be evolved for pharmacogenomic application, and how these can be delivered using nanoparticle delivery systems. In this prior work, we explore the evolution of pharmacogenomics over the years, as well as new achievements in the field of genomic sciences, the challenges in drug creation, and application of the strategy of personalized medicine.

Biofunctionalized polymeric nanoparticles for the enhanced delivery of erlotinib in cancer therapy.

Erlotinib, a potent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, faces bioavailability challenges due to poor water solubility and stability. This study aims to optimize erlotinib-loaded PLGA nanoparticles using a 3 factorial design to enhance drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The effects of PLGA concentration (R1) and NaTPP concentration (R2) on nanoparticle characteristics, including particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI), were investigated.

Preparation, optimization, and evaluation of ligand-tethered atovaquone-proguanil-loaded nanoparticles for malaria treatment.

This work focused on improving antimalarial therapy through the development and characterization of Atovaquone-Proguanil-loaded nanoparticles employing a 3 factorial design. The nanoparticles were prepared from combinations of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Eudragit L100 polymers and different concentrations of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). Based on the results obtained the formulations were characterized for the particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and percent drug release.

Exploring Computational Advancements in ADME: Essential Insights for Drug Disposition.

The physicochemical properties of the physiological makeup and the chemical componentof the system make this challenging throughout strenuous procedure. The current review concentrated on in silico modelling of drug disposition, involving absorption process, distribution process, and excretion process and includes thorough knowledge of various database expeditions, the development of a pharmacophore model, molecular docking studies, homology modelling supported sequence similarity and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)/ quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) evaluation along with all information about drug movement and related computational tools for understanding potential chemical and pathophysiological changes. The primary development in ADMET modeling in current times has been the clarification of the function and effective modeling of various transporters.

Nanoengineered Platform-Based Microenvironment-Triggered Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment.

The immune system and cancer cells interact intricately during the growth of tumors, and the dynamic interplay between immune activation and suppression greatly influences the cancer outcome. Natural killer cells (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and Dendritic cells (DC), employ diverse mechanisms, to combat cancer. However, the challenges posed by factors such as chronic inflammation and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often hinder immune cells' ability to detect and eliminate tumors accurately.

Oncogenetics: Unraveling the Genetic Underpinnings of Cancer for Improved Immunotherapeutic Outcomes.

In this review article we will highlight the evidences that how oncogenes are formed due to the physical genetic variations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and various planned immunotherapies which will include- The immune checkpoint inhibitor-opposing antibodies, adoptive cell treatments, and biologic modifiers (cytokines and vaccines). We will make an effort to provide guidance and potential fixes for these issues, along with pertinent sources for foundational research. For suitable studies, a literature search was undertaken from various database sources such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar.

Enhancing Ketoprofen Solubility: A Strategic Approach Using Solid Dispersion and Response Surface Methodology.

Background: In the pharmaceutical sciences, the solubility profile of therapeutic molecules is crucial for identifying and formulating drugs and evaluating their quality across the drug discovery pipeline based on factors like oral bioavailability, metabolic transformation, biodistribution kinetics, and potential toxicological implications. The investigation aims to enhance the solubility parameters of ketoprofen (BCS-II class), which exhibits low solubility and high permeability.

Methods: In this method, hydrotrope blends of aromatic sodium benzoate and electrolyte sodium acetate were employed to enhance the solubility parameter of ketoprofen.

Biomarkers and Novel Therapies of Diabetic Neuropathy: An Updated Review.

Diabetic neuropathy is a persistent consequence of the biochemical condition known as diabetes mellitus. As of now, the identification and management of diabetic neuropathy continue to be problematic due to problems related to the safety and efficacy of existing therapies. This study examines biomarkers, molecular and cellular events associated with the advancement of diabetic neuropathy, as well as the existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments employed.

Personalized treatment approach for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading global concern for women, with 30% being HER2-positive cases linked to poorer outcomes. Targeted therapies like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and T-DM1 have revolutionized HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment. Although these therapies have improved MBC management and patient outcomes, resistance can develop, reducing effectiveness.

Aspects of β-sitosterol's Pharmacology, Nutrition and Analysis.

Phytosterols are bioactive substances found naturally in the cell membranes of plants and have an arrangement of molecules similar to that of fat, which is produced by mammalian cells. They are widely distributed as dietary sources of lipids in plants, such as nuts, seeds, olive oil, and legumes. This review provides a summary of the efficacy of BS in treating lifestyle problems, as well as an appraisal of previous research.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential and Conservation Strategies for Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plants in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.

Introduction: Incorporating rare and threatened healing plants from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into modern medicine is a hopeful way to expand treatment choices and encourage the long-term use of plant resources. These plants have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time. They have powerful healing properties, including the ability to reduce inflammation and fight cancer.