Attitude Towards the Mentally Ill Among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) Workers in the Ahmedabad City of Gujarat.

Background: The community misunderstands mental illness, resulting in stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with mental illness. High mental health literacy (MHL) among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) workers can help spread mental health awareness to the community. The study aimed to assess the attitudes of ASHA workers toward the mentally ill.

Early treatment will prevent feto-maternal complications in thyroid disorders during pregnancy: A prospective study.

Context: Associations between adverse maternal complications and fetal outcomes are known entity in thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Thus, prompt identification of thyroid disorders and timely initiation of treatment is essential. Universal screening and early treatment of pregnant women for thyroid disorder should be considered especially in a resource-limited country like India with a high prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disorders and adverse feto-maternal outcomes.

Application of Belfast 15/30 dB Rule of Thumb in Assessing Hearing Benefit in Middle Ear Reconstructive Surgery.

The objective of this study is to assess the concordance between Belfast 15/30 dB rule of thumb and subjective hearing benefit in middle ear reconstruction surgery. A total of 105 cases of chronic otitis media (COM) (both mucosal and squamosal type) with conductive hearing loss and who underwent middle ear reconstructive surgery during the study period from January 2019 to January 2022 were included. All cases were followed up at 6 week and at 3 months of postoperative duration for subjective assessment of hearing with questionnaire and pure tone audiometry as per standard of care and correlated with Belfast 15/30 dB rule of thumb.

Hand-Made Polytetrafluoroethylene Tricuspid-Valved Conduit for Surgical Reconstruction of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in a Child With Truncus Arteriosus.

Although a new right ventricle outflow can be introduced during pulmonary artery reconstruction, it is a suboptimal option as the valved conduits that mimic the natural right ventricular outflow do not grow, and a surgical conduit replacement cannot be averted. This study reported the implementation of hand-made polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tricuspid-valved conduits to rebuild the right ventricular outflow tract in toddlers with truncus arteriosus and risk factors for earlier conduit explant. Herein, we described a case report of a 9-month-old toddler diagnosed in November 2021 with truncus arteriosus type I with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, who has been successfully discharged 20-days postoperative surgical reconstruction with good bi-ventricular functions.

Successful Repair of Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum in Childhood: A Single-Institution Experience of Two Cases.

Cor triatriatum is a rare structural congenital cardiac anomaly in which one of the atria chambers is anatomically divided. If left untreated, cor triatriatum can eventually lead to heart failure. This case report describes our experience with two pediatric patients (a three-year-old girl and an 11-month-old male infant) who underwent surgical correction of cor triatriatum.

Concomitant Single-Stage Unifocalization and Cavopulmonary Anastomosis (Glenn Shunt) in an Adolescent Patient With Univentricular Physiology and Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries: A Technically Challenging Case.

Long-segment pulmonary atresia (PA), non-confluent branch pulmonary arteries, ventricular septal defect, tricuspid valve atresia (type 1A), and single ventricle physiology is a relatively rare and extremely heterogeneous form of congenital heart disease. This subset of patients having pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) have to undergo multiple unifocalization staging operations before a complete repair is attempted. Most of the patients were deemed inoperable.

Functional Outcome and Incidence of Osteoarthritis in Operated Tibial Plateau Fractures.

Background: In the challenging tibial condyle fractures despite anatomical joint reconstruction, development of osteoarthritis may still occur secondary to the initial articular cartilage and meniscal injury. The aim of the study was to know incidence of osteoarthritis in our operated cases of tibial plateau fracture and to evaluate functional outcome.

Methods: Our operated 60 patients of tibial plateau fractures between 2006 to 2013 were evaluated retrospectively.

A Rare Case Report of Bilateral Complex Macrocystic Adrenal Hemorrhage Mimicking Fetal Neuroblastoma.

Fetal and neonatal adrenal glands are large vascular organs, which make them vulnerable to frequent bleeding. Although neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is commonly reported, it is rarely diagnosed on antenatal sonography. We present a rare case of prenatally diagnosed bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, which mimicked antenatal neuroblastoma.

Concept, Importance and Practice of Lateral Tucking in Tympanoplasty.

The current study aims at observing the technique and results of doing lateral tucking during tympanoplasty surgery. It is intended to provide additional support to the graft and prevent displacement as well. 98 cases included in the study and the graft uptake rate of 97.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Paediatric Spinal Dysraphism with Comparative Usefulness of Various Magnetic Resonance Sequences.

Introduction: Spinal dysraphism occurs due to failure of fusion of parts along dorsal aspect of midline structures lying along spinal axis from skin to vertebrae and spinal cord. Congenital spinal anomalies may be minimal and asymptomatic like spinal bifida occulta, or severe with marked neurological deficits like Arnold-Chiari malformation or caudal regression syndrome. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice to diagnose mild to severe spinal dysraphism.

A Comprehensive Approach Towards Quality and Safety in Diagnostic Imaging Services: Our Experience at a Rural Tertiary Health Care Center.

Introduction: An organization's transformation from imple-mentation of small, distinct Quality Improvement (QI) efforts to complete incorporation of Quality Improvement Program (QIP) into its culture occurs through a process of churning the foundational elements over time.

Aim: To develop a quality culture across the employees, identify measurable indicators and various tools to impart effective quality care and develop a learning culture for continuous quality improvement in the field of imaging services.

Materials And Methods: To establish a QIP, the bare minimum requirement started with forming a quality committee.

MRI in Chemotherapy induced Leukoencephalopathy: Report of Two Cases and Radiologist's Perspective.

Leukoencephalopathy is a progressive white matter disease primarily caused due to myelin damage by a variety of factors. Chemotherapy for oncological treatment is an uncommon but important cause of potentially reversible leukoencephalopathy. In current radiological setting, conventional and diffusion weighted MRI play a significant role in early and accurate detection of this entity.

Evaluation of proficiency in using different inhaler devices among intern doctors.

Context: Doctors may have deficiencies in the ability to use different inhalers, which in turn, can result in improper technique by the patients and poorly controlled asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Aims: To evaluate intern doctors' proficiency in using various inhaler devices.

Materials And Methods: Seventy interns were evaluated for their proficiency in using pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), pMDI with spacer, rotahaler, turbuhaler, and nebulizer.

Comparison of Modified Cartilage Shield Tympanoplasty with Tympanoplasty Using Temporalis Fascia Only: Retrospective Analysis of 142 Cases.

The current study compares outcomes of modified cartilage shield tympanoplasty (CST) with temporalis fascia tympanoplasty in type I procedures in Indian patients. Graft uptake rates are better with the CST technique and hearing results are almost equivalent with both techniques except at 8000 Hz where improvement in hearing was found better with the use of temporalis fascia alone. The CST technique used in the study is unique.

Comparison of Partial Thickness and Full Thickness Tragal Cartilage Graft During Modified Cartilage Shield Tympanoplasty for Type I Procedures.

To compare the results, in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement, of modified cartilage shield technique of tympanoplasty using either partial thickness tragal cartilage or full thickness tragal cartilage for type I procedures. 35 patients were included in group A where a partial thickness tragal cartilage was used and 27 patients included in group B where a full thickness tragal cartilage was used for modified cartilage shield tympanoplasty. Audiometry done at 4 months after surgery and the results compared.

Prevalence and associated factors of dry eye: Our experience in patients above 40 years of age at a Tertiary Care Center.

Context: Dry eye is a very common as well as under-diagnosed ocular disorder. It is not only troublesome in terms of its symptoms but also imposes a great financial burden.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of dry eye in ophthalmology out-patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital and its association with various clinico-epidemiological factors.

A Synergistic Role of Myeloperoxidase and High Sensitivity Troponin T in the Early Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and high sensitive Troponin T in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This was a cross sectional study that comprised of 120 individuals of which 75 were cases and 45 healthy controls. On the basis of clinical history and 12 lead electrocardiogram initial diagnosis of ACS was made in the cases.

Effects of Sacrificing Tensor Tympani Muscle Tendon When Manubrium of Malleus Is Foreshortened in Type I Tympanoplasty.

The current study aims at observing effects of sacrificing the tensor tympani tendon when manubrium of malleus is foreshortened or retracted on graft uptake, hearing improvement, and occurrence of complications if any during type I tympanoplasty surgery for central perforations. 42 patients were included in group A where the tensor tendon was sectioned and 42 patients were included in group B where the tensor tympani tendon was retained and kept intact. Graft uptake rates are very good in both groups but hearing improvement was found significantly better in group A than group B.

Atticotomy, Attic Reconstruction, Tympanoplasty with or Without Ossiculoplasty, Canal Plasty and Cortical Mastoidectomy as Part of Intact Canal Wall Technique for Attic Cholesteatoma.

To evaluate a technique of canal wall up mastoidectomy for limited attic cholesteatoma and to study practical considerations during surgery. Any person undergoing surgery for attic cholesteatoma was thoroughly examined during surgery and decision for doing this canal wall up (CWU) surgery will be taken on operating table. The patients were regularly followed up and microscopic, oto endoscopic and audiological assessments done at regular intervals.

An unusual cause of headache in a medical tourist.

With booming medical tourism, Indian doctors are seeing a lot of patients from other countries for varied medical conditions. A citizen of Nairobi presented for treatment of his complaints consisting of severe episodic headache, with abdominal pain, spermatorrhea, decreased libido, constipation, and impotence. On detailed evaluation, he was found to have developed dependence to khat chewing; a social habit in his native country and his symptoms were attributed to effects of khat withdrawal.

Pregnancy and skin.

Pregnancy is associated with complex of endocrinological, immunological, metabolic, and vascular changes that may influence the skin and other organs in various ways. Pregnancy is a period in which more than 90% women have significant and complex skin changes that may have great impact on the woman's life. The dermatoses of pregnancy represent a heterogeneous group of skin diseases related to pregnancy and/or the postpartum period.