Use of biochemical and imaging criteria for selecting patients for prostate biopsy in recurrence risk assessment post-HIFU therapy.

Purpose: Despite the growing adoption of HIFU treatment for localized prostate cancer (PC), standardized criteria for evaluating success and predicting recurrence remain undefined. Herein, we analyze the predictive value of noninvasive tools such as PSA dynamics and MRI to determine recurrence.

Methods: We identified from our HIFU therapy prospective registry patients who developed biopsy-proven recurrence, between 2016 and 2023.

Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Dyskeratosis Congenita with Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) is the only curative option for marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia associated with dyskeratosis congenita (DKC). Due to chromosomal instability and sensitivity to radiation and alkylating agents, HCT is associated with a high incidence of transplant-related mortality in DKC.

Case Report: A 25-year-old male presented with DKC-associated cutaneous manifestations and myelodysplastic syndrome / acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML).

Double gloving for self-protection in high-risk surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Double gloving is recommended for protecting surgical personnel from infections, but it is not a universal practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries where risk is very high. Evidence for double gloving is still only moderate, and for indicator double gloves, it is even rare. This systematic review and meta-analysis includes recent trials to analyse outcomes like glove perforations (inner/outer/matched/intraoperatively detected) and hand contamination rates for single versus double including indicator double-gloved conditions and identify factors to be considered for deciding double gloving.

Identifying and forecasting importation and asymptomatic spreaders of multi-drug resistant organisms in hospital settings.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) from multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) pose a significant challenge for healthcare systems. Patients can arrive at hospitals already infected ("importation") or acquire infections during their stay ("nosocomial infection"). Many cases, often asymptomatic, complicate rapid identification due to testing limitations and delays.

Significance of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Postearly Decompressive Craniectomy in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: An Institutional Study.

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring after early decompression in postoperative period serves as a valuable tool in diagnosing postoperative intracranial hypertension/raised ICP which guides for more appropriate medical treatment to reduce ICP or even subsequent surgery which ultimately decides the outcome of the patients.

Materials And Methods: It is a prospective study from March 2023 to August 2023 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. This study includes 16 patients with severe traumatic brain injury with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <8 who underwent early decompressive craniectomy.

Design and TCAD analysis of few-layer graphene/ZnO nanowires heterojunction-based photodetector in UV spectral region.

Graphene and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs)-based photodetectors demonstrate excellent photodetection performance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum regime. This paper presents the design and analysis of a heterostructure model of p-few-layer graphene (p-FLG)/n-ZnO NWs-based UV photodetector. The design utilizes the unique properties of few-layer graphene to enhance light absorption and improve photodetector performance.

A Prospective Study of CSF Flow Dynamics Across Foramen Magnum in Adult Chiari Malformation/Syringomyelia Complex and its Clinical Correlation with Outcomes after Surgery.

 Chiari I malformation refers to cerebellar tonsillar descent below the foramen magnum and is frequently associated with syringomyelia. Prior cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow studies correlated the clinical severity of these lesions with general flow velocity or bulk flow at the foramen magnum; however, these techniques have not assessed the effect on surgical outcomes. The study aims to present clinical and radiological factors and CSF flow parameters (pre- and postoperative) that affect the surgical outcome.

A rare case of mesentric ischaemia post laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard treatment for gallstones. Current experience indicates that in more than 95% of cases, the procedure is safe and can be performed without complications with mortality rate of 0.2%.

Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19.

Introduction: Since early 2020, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) continue to emerge, evading waning antibody mediated immunity produced by the current Spike-alone based COVID-19 vaccines. This caused a prolonged and persistent COVID-19 pandemic that is going to enter its fifth year. Thus, the need remains for innovative next generation vaccines that would incorporate protective Spike-derived B-cell epitopes that resist immune evasion.

A Novel Pipeline for Adrenal Gland Segmentation: Integration of a Hybrid Post-Processing Technique with Deep Learning.

Accurate segmentation of adrenal glands from CT images is essential for enhancing computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning. However, the small size, irregular shape, and proximity to surrounding tissues make this task highly challenging. This study introduces a novel pipeline that significantly improves the segmentation of left and right adrenal glands by integrating advanced pre-processing techniques and a robust post-processing framework.

Deciphering FOXM1 regulation: implications for stemness and metabolic adaptations in glioblastoma.

The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) gene-mediated Wnt signaling pathway plays a significant role in the development and growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an exceptionally aggressive form of brain cancer. Our research explores the crucial involvement of the FOXM1 gene, a key transcription factor within the Wnt signaling pathway using bioinformatics techniques in both GBM and glioma stem cells (GSCs). Elevated FOXM1 gene expression is strongly associated with poor patient survival in GBM.

Supporting policy action to reduce adolescent anaemia in South Asia.

highlight country efforts on evidence based policy making, strengthening implementation and institutional capacity, and inclusive strategies to accelerate reductions in anaemia in adolescent girls

Feasibility of the 3D printer to design an intracavitary applicator for the treatment of cervical cancer patients with high dose rate brachytherapy system.

Designing an intracavitary brachytherapy applicator with a 3D printer using Polyamide12 for Tandem-Ovoid configuration. Further, to evaluate its feasibility and initial clinical use for the treatment of cervical cancer patients with a High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy system. SolidWorks, Computer Aided design software was used for the design of the intracavitary brachytherapy applicator.

The impact of isotonic applied muscle tension in reducing the vasovagal event in first-time blood donors: a cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Prevention of vasovagal events has been a major concern for blood centres to reduce the negative impact of decreased donor return for whole blood donation. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of applied muscle tension in reducing vasovagal events in first-time blood donors.

Materials And Methods: This cohort study involves the active application of applied muscle tension given by the donor with an inbuilt mechanism through an adjustable spring-fitted footrest in the blood donor couch (Remi India Pvt.

Elevated Senescence Markers in Developing Trisomy 21 Human Lungs.

Human chromosomal anomalies, notably trisomies, disrupt gene expression, leading to diverse cellular and organ phenotypes. Increased cellular senescence (SEN) and oxidative stress in trisomies have gained recent attention. We assessed SEN, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and oxidative stress on trisomy 13, 18, and 21 (T13, T18, T21) human fetal lung tissues and isolated primary human fetal lung fibroblasts.

EHBP1 suppresses liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Excess cholesterol accumulation contributes to fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but how hepatic cholesterol metabolism becomes dysregulated in MASH is not completely understood. We show that human fibrotic MASH livers have decreased EH-domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1), a genome-wide association study (GWAS) locus associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and that EHBP1 loss- and gain-of-function increase and decrease MASH fibrosis in mice, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal that EHBP1 promotes sortilin-mediated PCSK9 secretion, leading to LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation, decreased LDL uptake, and reduced TAZ, a fibrogenic effector.

Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in neuroprotection: brain and spinal cord injury focus.

Flavonoids in fruits, vegetables, and plant-based drinks have potential neuroprotective properties, with clinical research focusing on their role in reducing oxidative stress, controlling inflammation, and preventing apoptosis. Some flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, fisetin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, baicalein, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin, naringin, hesperetin, genistein, rutin, silymarin, and daidzein, have been presented to help heal damage to the central nervous system by affecting key signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt and NF-κB. This review systematically analyzed articles on flavonoids, neuroprotection, and brain and spinal cord injury from primary medical databases like Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

The Therapeutic Potential of Kiwi Extract as a Source of Cysteine Protease Inhibitors on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice and Human Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells.

The discovery of effective cysteine protease inhibitors with crude protein kiwi extracts (CPKEs) has created novel challenges and prospects for pharmaceutical development. Despite extensive research on CPKEs, limited research has been conducted on treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of CPKEs on TNF-α activation in a HaCaT cell model and in a DNCB (1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene)-induced atopic dermatitis animal model.

Efficacy of an Abdominal Surgery Simulator in Didactic Medical Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction Many medical students do not have access to hands-on surgical experience throughout the pre-clinical curriculum. To address this issue, we developed a low-cost abdominal surgery simulator for use during instructive years and tested its efficacy through a proof-of-concept, randomized controlled trial. Our goal is to help medical students integrate foundational anatomy with surgical pathology, enhancing their understanding and translating to academic success on board-relevant topics.

Optineurin-facilitated axonal mitochondria delivery promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration.

Optineurin (OPTN) mutations are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG), but a relevant animal model is lacking, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are unknown. We find that OPTN C-terminus truncation (OPTN∆C) causes late-onset neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), optic nerve (ON), and spinal cord motor neurons, preceded by a decrease of axonal mitochondria in mice. We discover that OPTN directly interacts with both microtubules and the mitochondrial transport complex TRAK1/KIF5B, stabilizing them for proper anterograde axonal mitochondrial transport, in a C-terminus dependent manner.

Rare coding variants in Parkinson's disease risk.

Genome-wide association studies have identified as a Parkinson's disease (PD) risk locus, with a common missense variant p.Asp543Asn in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) protein significantly associated with PD. We examined if other rare variants also influence PD risk.

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) response after induction FOLFIRINOX for locally advanced pancreatic cancer identifies patients who may benefit from surgical exploration: multicentre, observational cohort study.

Background: Which patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer may benefit from surgical exploration after induction treatment remains debated. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify independent factors for overall survival after surgical exploration for locally advanced pancreatic cancer, which are available at restaging after induction therapy.

Methods: Consecutive patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer from the Trans-Atlantic Pancreatic Surgery cohort who underwent surgical exploration after FOLFIRINOX as induction chemotherapy were included.

PEAChY-O: Pharmacological Emergency Management of Agitation in Children and Young People: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Medication.

Study Objective: To determine whether oral olanzapine or oral diazepam was more effective at achieving behavioral containment for young people presenting to the emergency department with acute severe behavioral disturbance.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial from October 22, 2021, to November 6, 2023. We enrolled young people aged between 9 and 17 years with acute severe behavioral disturbance deemed to require oral medication across 9 Australian emergency departments.

Research Priorities of Individuals and Families With Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies.

Sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) are chromosomal variations that result from an atypical number of X and/or Y chromosomes. Combined, SCAs affect ~1/400 live births, including individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), Turner syndrome (45, X and variants), Double Y syndrome (47, XYY), Trisomy X (47, XXX), and rarer tetrasomies and pentasomies. Individuals with SCAs experience a wide variety of physical health, mental health, and healthcare experiences that differ from the standard population.