Circulating non-coding RNA in type 1 diabetes mellitus as a source of potential biomarkers - An emerging role of sex difference.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, are considered essential regulatory molecules mediating many cellular processes. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have investigated the role of ncRNAs in cancers and various metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, some circulating ncRNA detected in body fluids may serve as novel biomarkers.

Design and development of multibiocomponent hybrid alginate hydrogels and lipid nanodispersion as new materials for medical and cosmetic applications.

The multibiocomponent hybrid alginate hydrogels based on brown and sea algae, containing 100 % ingredients of natural origin were prepared by ionic crosslinking reaction of a polymeric matrix with lipid nanodispersion. To the best of the Authors' knowledge such multicomponent biobased hydrogel of promising medical and cosmetical applications for the first time was obtained in the environment of flower water, received earlier as a waste by-product from various chemical processes. An innovative hybrid alginate hydrogel that is completely biodegradable and eco-friendly was obtained following waterless and upcycling trends that are in line with the principles of sustainable development.

Computational investigation of stochastic Zika virus optimal control model using Legendre spectral method.

This study presents a computational investigation of a stochastic Zika virus along with optimal control model using the Legendre spectral collocation method (LSCM). By accumulation of stochasticity into the model through the proposed stochastic differential equations, we appropriating the random fluctuations essential in the progression and disease transmission. The stability, convergence and accuracy properties of the LSCM are conscientiously analyzed and also demonstrating its strength for solving the complex epidemiological models.

New Derivatives of Modified Starch for Food Technology.

The food industry extensively uses chemically modified starches and their hydrolysates, which is mainly due to their emulsification ability. Therefore, it becomes inevitable to develop new starch derivatives, including modified starch hydrolysates, and effective preparation methods to meet the increasing demands of producers, consumers, and technology. This study comprehensively researches the physical, chemical, and functional properties (such as the water-binding capacity, swelling power, solubility, and fat absorption capacity) of chemically modified biopolymers and their enzymatic hydrolysis products.

Design and Control of the Natural Frequency of Brake Discs in the Aspect of the Gray Cast Iron Production Process.

The results of research on the influence of the chemical composition of cast iron and its potential changes in the production cycle on the elastic properties and the correctness of numerical simulations of the natural frequency of ventilated brake discs are presented. The tests were carried out for three grades of gray cast iron with flake graphite with a eutectic saturation coefficient ranging from 0.88 to 1.

Ultrathin Carbon Textures Produced on Machined Surfaces in an Integrated Finishing Process Using Microabrasive Films.

This study presents research into the unique method of depositing carbon layers onto processed surfaces, during finishing with abrasive films, on a global basis. The authors of this article are holders of the patent for this method. What makes this technology outstanding is that it integrates processes, whereby micro-finishing and the deposition of a carbon layer onto freshly exposed surface fragments is achieved simultaneously, in a single process.

Iodine Adsorption in Nanoporous Carbon to Fabricate Assimilated Battery Electrodes for Durable Hybrid Supercapacitors.

A hybrid supercapacitor is designed by coupling a battery electrode with a capacitive electrode in a single device/cell to enhance energy density. In iodine-based hybrid supercapacitors, the nanoporous carbon serves as the electrode material; however, the cathode or positive electrode is charged with iodine via electrodeposition from a redox aqueous electrolyte, while a negative electrode stores charges at the electric double-layer. In this work, iodine is loaded via physical adsorption into the porosity of a carbon electrode, keeping the aqueous electrolyte free from iodide redox moieties.

Silactins and Structural Diversity of Biosilica in Sponges.

Sponges (phylum Porifera) were among the first metazoans on Earth, and represent a unique global source of highly structured and diverse biosilica that has been formed and tested over more than 800 million years of evolution. Poriferans are recognized as a unique archive of siliceous multiscaled skeletal constructs with superficial micro-ornamentation patterned by biopolymers. In the present study, spicules and skeletal frameworks of selected representatives of sponges in such classes as Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha, and Hexactinellida were desilicified using 10% HF with the aim of isolating axial filaments, which resemble the shape and size of the original structures.

3D Spongin Scaffolds as Templates for Electro-Assisted Deposition of Selected Iron Oxides.

The skeletons of marine sponges are ancient biocomposite structures in which mineral phases are formed on 3D organic matrices. In addition to calcium- and silicate-containing biominerals, iron ions play an active role in skeleton formation in some species of bath sponges in the marine environment, which is a result of the biocorrosion of the metal structures on which these sponges settle. The interaction between iron ions and biopolymer spongin has motivated the development of selected extreme biomimetics approaches with the aim of creating new functional composites to use in environmental remediation and as adsorbents for heavy metals.

Metabolic versatility of anaerobic sludge towards platform chemical production from waste glycerol.

Waste glycerol is produced in excess by several industries, such as during biodiesel production. In this work, the metabolic versatility of anaerobic sludge was explored towards waste glycerol valorization. By applying different environmental (methanogenic and sulfate-reducing) conditions, three distinct microbial cultures were obtained from the same inoculum (anaerobic granular sludge), with high microbial specialization, within three different phyla (Thermodesulfobacteriota, Euryarchaeota and Pseudomonadota).

Determination of bisphosphonate properties in terms of bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity.

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of fourteen newly synthesized bisphosphonates by assessing their bioavailability, bone affinity, and cytotoxicity. These bisphosphonates included a series of aminomethylenebisphosphonates and standard compounds such as risedronate and tiludronate.

Methods: Drug permeability was determined using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays (PAMPA), while bone affinity was assessed by sorption on hydroxyapatite.

The Recyclability of Fire-Retarded Biobased Polyamide 11 (PA11) Composites Reinforced with Basalt Fibers (BFs): The Influence of Reprocessing on Structure, Properties, and Fire Behavior.

The growing requirements regarding the safety of using polymers and their composites are related to the emergence of more effective, sustainable, and hazardous-limited fire retardants (FRs). Significant amounts of FRs are usually required to effectively affect a polymer's burning behavior, while the knowledge of their recycling potential is still insufficient. At the same time, concerns are related not only to the reduced effectiveness of flame retardancy but also, above all, to the potential deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the degradation of temperature-affected additives under processing conditions.

Characterization of Selected Microalgae Species as Potential Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidants.

Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: sp., , , , and .

Chemical Stability of High-Entropy Spinel in a High-Pressure Pure Hydrogen Atmosphere.

This paper focuses on high-entropy spinels, which represent a rapidly growing group of materials with physicochemical properties that make them suitable for hydrogen energy applications. The influence of high-pressure pure hydrogen on the chemical stability of three high-entropy oxide (HEO) sinter samples with a spinel structure was investigated. Multicomponent HEO samples were obtained via mechanochemical synthesis (MS) combined with high-temperature thermal treatment.

3D object reconstruction: A comprehensive view-dependent dataset.

The dataset contains RGB, depth, segmentation images of the scenes and information about the camera poses that can be used to create a full 3D model of the scene and develop methods that reconstruct objects from a single RGB-D camera view. Data were collected in the custom simulator that loads random graspable objects and random tables from the ShapeNet dataset. The graspable object is placed above the table in a random position.

The Role of the Polyethylene Glycol in the Organization of Gold Nanorods at the Air-Water and Air-Solid Interfaces.

The organization of metallic nanoparticles into assembled films is a complex process. The type of nanoparticle stabilizing ligand and the method for creating an organized layer can profoundly affect the optical properties of the resulting nanoparticle assembly. Investigations of the ligand structure and nanoparticle interactions can provide a greater understanding of the design of the assembly process and the quality of the resulting materials.

Provision and evaluation of explanations within an automated planning-based approach to solving the multimorbidity problem.

Unlabelled: The multimorbidity problem involves the identification and mitigation of adverse interactions that occur when multiple computer interpretable guidelines are applied concurrently to develop a treatment plan for a patient diagnosed with multiple diseases. Solving this problem requires decision support approaches which are difficult to comprehend for physicians. As such, the rationale for treatment plans generated by these approaches needs to be provided.

Tailor-Made Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications.

Polysaccharides (PSAs) are carbohydrate-based macromolecules widely used in the biomedical field, either in their pure form or in blends/nanocomposites with other materials. The relationship between structure, properties, and functions has inspired scientists to design multifunctional PSAs for various biomedical applications by incorporating unique molecular structures and targeted bulk properties. Multiple strategies, such as conjugation, grafting, cross-linking, and functionalization, have been explored to control their mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, degradability, rheological features, and stimuli-responsiveness.

High performance removal of chlorophenols from an aqueous solution using an enzymatic membrane bioreactor.

Organochlorides and particularly chlorophenols are environmental pollutants that deserve special attention. Enzymatic membrane bioreactors may be alternatives for efficiently removing such hazardous organochlorides from aqueous solutions. We propose here a novel enzymatic membrane bioreactor comprising an ultrafiltration membrane GR81PP, electrospun fibers made of cellulose acetate, and laccase immobilized using an incubation and a fouling approach.

Water-in-Salt Gel Biopolymer Electrolytes for Flexible and Wearable Zn/Alkali Metal Dual-Ion Batteries.

Zn/alkali metal dual-ion batteries (ZM DIBs) with highly concentrated (WiS) electrolytes are promising next-generation energy storage systems. This enhanced design of Zn-ion rechargeable batteries offers intrinsic safety, high operating voltage, satisfactory capacity, and outstanding cyclic stability. Herein, taking the concept of highly concentrated electrolytes one step further, we introduce gel biopolymer electrolytes (WiS-GBEs) by encapsulating Zn/Li or Zn/Na bisalt compositions in a cellulose membrane.

Selected Errors in Spatial Measurements of Surface Asperities.

This work presents issues related to selected errors accompanying spatial measurements of surface roughness using contact profilometry. The influence of internal heat sources, such as engines or control electronics, on the thermal expansion of the drive responsible for the measurement probe's movement in the X-axis direction was investigated. In terms of starting measurements on a thermally unstable device, the synchronization error of individual profile paths was 16.

New Insights into the Application of Biocompatible (Un)Modified TiO and TiO-ZrO Oxide Fillers in Light-Curing Materials.

A novel UV-light-curable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate matrix composite material with unmodified and methacryloxyl-grafted TiO and TiO-ZrO systems was developed and tested as a potential coating material for medical components. The main goal of the research was to evaluate how the addition of (un)modified inorganic oxide fillers affects the properties of the composition (viscosity, UV/Vis spectra), the kinetics of photocuring (photo-DSC), and the morphological (SEM), physicochemical, and thermal properties (DSC, TGA) of the resulting composites. The applied filler functionalization process decreased their polarity and changed their size, BET surface area, and pore volume, which influenced the viscosity and kinetics of the photocurable system.

Use of Heat-Applied Coatings to Reduce Wear on Agricultural Machinery Components.

This article presents the effect of the conditions of abrasive compounds on the wear of samples made by different methods. The 28MnB5 steel was used, which is intended for agricultural components, to which two arc and laser coatings were applied. The study included the analysis of microstructure, microhardness, roughness, and tribological experiments on a dedicated stand.

Siloxane Containing Polyether Groups-Synthesis and Use as an Anti-Biocorrosion Coating.

In the presented study, the effectiveness of a siloxane polyether (HOL7) coating on glass against microbiological colonization was assessed using microalgae as a key component of widespread aerial biofilms. The siloxane polyether was successfully synthesized by a hydrosilylation reaction in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst. The product structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GPC analysis.