Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Resected Stage IIB or IIC Melanoma: Final Analysis of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival in the Phase III KEYNOTE-716 Study.

JCO Pembrolizumab adjuvant therapy was shown to significantly improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma in earlier analyses of the randomized, double-blind, phase III KEYNOTE-716 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03553836). We report results of the protocol-specified final analysis of DMFS for KEYNOTE-716.

Detection of clinically silent brain lesions in [18F]FDG PET/CT study in oncological patients: analysis of over 10,000 studies.

The study aimed to show that including the brain region into the standard 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) study protocol may result in detecting clinically silent brain tumours. We retrospectively analyzed the group of 10,378 from the total of 12,011 consecutive patients who underwent the torso and brain [18F]FDG PET/CT scanning, considering an ability of the method to evaluate undetected before brain tumours in patients diagnosed and treated in our institution. While collecting the database, we followed the inclusion criteria: at least 1-year of follow-up, a full medical history collected in our institution, histopathologic examination or other studies available to confirm the type of observed lesion, and the most importantly-no brain lesions reported in the patients' medical data.

Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumours Assessed with the Brain and Torso [F]FDG PET/CT Study Protocol-10 Years of Single-Institutional Experiences.

According to the international societies' recommendations, the 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT) technique should not be used as the method of choice in brain tumour diagnosis. Therefore, the brain region can be omitted during standard [F]FDG PET/CT scanning. We performed comprehensive literature research and analysed results from 14,222 brain and torso [F]FDG PET/CT studies collected in 2010-2020.

Loss of the MAF Transcription Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

MAF is a transcription factor that may act either as a tumor suppressor or as an oncogene, depending on cell type. We have shown previously that the overexpressed miR-1290 influences MAF protein levels in LSCC (laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma) cell lines. In this study, we shed further light on the interaction between miR-1290 and , as well as on cellular MAF protein localization in LSCC.

A new heterotropic vascularized model of total urinary bladder transplantation in a rat model.

This study developed a new procedure of urinary bladder transplantation on a rat model (n = 40). Heterotopic urinary bladder transplantation (n = 10) in the right groin vessels was performed. Direct urinary bladder examination, microangiography, histological analysis, and India ink injection were performed to evaluate the proposed method's functionality.

CD133 Antigen as a Potential Marker of Melanoma Stem Cells: and Studies.

Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suspected to be responsible for the cancer recurrence and in the consequence for cancer therapy failure. CD133 is a potential marker for detection of melanoma CSCs.

Genotype-phenotype correlation in two Polish neonates with alveolar capillary dysplasia.

Background: Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare cause of severe pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure in neonates. The onset of ACD is usually preceded by a short asymptomatic period. The condition is refractory to all available therapies as it irreversibly affects development of the capillary bed in the lungs.

Expression Levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17RA, and IL-17RC in Prostate Cancer with Taking into Account the Histological Grade according to Gleason Scale in Comparison to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: In Search of New Therapeutic Options.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men in the world. The most common types of tumors are adenocarcinomas. Prostate cancer is a slow-growing cancer.

The Composition of Surgical Wound Fluids from Breast Cancer Patients is Affected by Intraoperative Radiotherapy Treatment and Depends on the Molecular Subtype of Breast Cancer.

Invasive oncological procedures affect the remaining tumor cells by increasing their survival, proliferation, and migration through the induction of wound healing response. The phenomena of local relapse after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) has resulted in a series of research and clinical trials with the aim of assessing whether localized intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), may be beneficial in inhibiting local recurrences. Therefore, it is essential to assess the impact of intraoperative radiotherapy in modulating the immunological response and wound healing process.

MicroRNA Profiling During Neural Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and influence signaling networks responsible for several cellular processes like differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Despite several studies on the neurogenesis process, no global analysis of microRNA expression during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to neuronal stem cells (NSC) has been done. Therefore, we compared the profile of microRNA expression in iPSC lines and in NSC lines derived from them, using microarray-based analysis.

Mitogenome germline mutations and colorectal cancer risk in Polish population.

Introduction: To date, several nuclear DNA variants have been shown to be associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Despite the fact that mitochondria play an important role in carcinogenesis, little is known about inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations that could be involved in this disease. Thus, potential associations between inherited mutations in the entire mitochondrial genomes and colorectal cancer were analysed in this study.

TP53 somatic mutations are associated with somatic mitogenome substitutions but not indels in colorectal cancer cells.

Background: p53 is a tumour suppressor protein that is involved in many cancer-related processes. Growing evidence suggests that p53 also plays an important role in mitochondrial (mtDNA) maintenance. Somatic mitogenome mutations are frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CC) cells.

Characteristic profiles of DNA epigenetic modifications in colon cancer and its predisposing conditions-benign adenomas and inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Active demethylation of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-mdC) in DNA occurs by oxidation to 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (5-hmdC) and further oxidation to 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-fdC) and 5-carboxy-2'-deoxycytidine (5-cadC), and is carried out by enzymes of the ten-eleven translocation family (TETs 1, 2, 3). Decreased level of epigenetic DNA modifications in cancer tissue may be a consequence of reduced activity/expression of TET proteins. To determine the role of epigenetic DNA modifications in colon cancer development, we analyzed their levels in normal colon and various colonic pathologies.

Ruthenium brachytherapy for intraocular growth of a conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

The aim of this study is to report the use of ruthenium brachytherapy as an adjunctive treatment in the management of an intraocular extension of the conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In 2013, a 73-year-old man presented with a tumor blocking the angle and infiltrating corneal endothelium. The patient was treated with iridectomy, and after one month, ruthenium brachytherapy was applied.

Recurrent transcriptional loss of the PCDH17 tumor suppressor in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is partially mediated by aberrant promoter DNA methylation.

Protocadherins are cell-cell adhesion molecules encoded by a large family of genes. Recent reports demonstrate recurrent silencing of protocadherin genes in tumors and provide strong arguments for their tumor supresor functionality. Loss of protocadherins may contribute to cancer development not only by altering cell-cell adhesion, that is a hallmark of cancer, but also by enhancing proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of cells via deregulation of the WNT signaling pathway.

Mitogenomic differences between the normal and tumor cells of colorectal cancer patients.

So far, a reliable spectrum of mitochondrial DNA mutations in colorectal cancer cells is still unknown, and neither is their significance in carcinogenesis. Indeed, it remains debatable whether mtDNA mutations are "drivers" or "passengers" of colorectal carcinogenesis. Thus, we analyzed 200 mitogenomes from normal and cancer tissues of 100 colorectal cancer patients.

Immunotherapy as a Promising Treatment for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Prostate cancer treatment is currently based on surgical removal, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy. In recent years, another therapeutic method has emerged-immunological treatment. Immunotherapy modulates and strengthens one's immune responses against cancer.

Determination of BRAF V600E (VE1) protein expression and BRAF gene mutation status in codon 600 in borderline and low-grade ovarian cancers.

Epithelial ovarian tumors are a group of morphologically and genetically heterogeneous neoplasms. Based on differences in clinical phenotype and genetic background, ovarian neoplasms are classified as low-grade and high-grade tumor. Borderline ovarian tumors represent approximately 10%-20% of all epithelial ovarian masses.

The Role of FOXP3 in Human Cancers.

FOXP3 transcription factor can be observed as the main component of the immune system expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells that regulate hemostasis and self-tolerance. Moreover, the altered expression of FOXP3 was found in autoimmune diseases, benign tumors and carcinomas. Latest reports indicate that the FOXP3 gene mutation can contribute to carcinogenesis, which can be associated with immune response abnormalities.

The effect of tobacco smoke on oxytocin concentrations and selected oxidative stress parameters in plasma during pregnancy and post-partum - an experimental model.

Background: Tobacco smoking is a serious threat to life and health of society. Among the most vulnerable to the toxic effects of tobacco smoke are foetuses and newborns. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of tobacco smoke exposure on oxytocin levels and biochemical oxidative stress parameters during pregnancy and after birth in an experimental model.

Proteomic profiling identifies the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) protein as a potential biomarker of metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Relapse and metastasis are the main causes of unfavorable outcome in head and neck cancers. Whereas, understanding of the molecular background of these processes is far from being complete. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify potential biomarker candidates of relapse and metastasis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) by combining the 2D electrophoresis based protein screen and immunohistochemical analysis of candidate proteins.

Expression of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 in epithelium of serrated adenoma, adenoma and hyperplastic polyp.

Introduction: Colon polyps and inflammatory process play the key role in neoplasia of colorectal cancer. In recent years there have been many publications on the malignancy of hyperplastic polyp (HP) which according to the WHO classification is a non-neoplastic polyp. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of inflammatory proteins COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4 in the epithelium of colorectal polyps.

Design of clinical trials for therapeutic cancer vaccines development.

Advances in molecular and cellular biology as well as biotechnology led to definition of a group of drugs referred to as medicinal products of advanced technologies. It includes gene therapy products, somatic cell therapeutics and tissue engineering. Therapeutic cancer vaccines including whole cell tumor cells vaccines or gene modified whole cells belong to somatic therapeutics and/or gene therapy products category.