Pediatric Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis in China for Twenty Years.

Pediatric posttraumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) is a rare but serious disease that frequently has a poor visual prognosis. To date, only a few English studies have focused on this disease. We perform a systematic review of the Chinese literature on pediatric PTE and describe the epidemiology, management, causative organisms, and visual acuity outcomes of reported cases in twenty years.

An Updated Review on the Most Common Agents Causing Toxic Optic Neuropathies.

Background: Toxic optic neuropathies (TONs) often present with a gradual and bilateral decrease in visual acuity, scotomas and optic disc pallor. Obtaining an accurate history is the critical first step in determining the etiology of TONs.

Methods: This updated review contains a thorough analysis of the current PubMed-indexed literature on the most common agents responsible for TONs, including methanol, ethambutol, amiodarone, linezolid, tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.

Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part II. Retina Diseases, Uveitis, Optic Neuropathies, Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy.

Background: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health.

Aim: The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases, uveitis, optic neuropathies, and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016.

Pros and cons of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS).

Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) is currently a "hot topic" in ophthalmology. There are well-documented advantages in terms of quicker visual rehabilitation and reduced costs. The risk of bilateral simultaneous endophthalmitis and bilateral blindness is now recognized to be minuscule with the advent of intracameral antibiotics and modern management of endophthalmitis.

Hot Topics in Dry Eye Disease.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms such as discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. The principal pathological mechanisms of DED are hyperosmolarity and inflammation. These mechanisms are deeply interrelated and lead to a self-perpetuating "vicious circle".

Hot Topics in Perioperative Antibiotics for Cataract Surgery.

Background: Acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of cataract surgery. Since there are relatively few randomized clinical trials comparing the timing and administration of prophylactic antibiotics, there are wide variations in prevention practices around the world.

Methods: Literature review.

Dropless Cataract Surgery: An Overview.

Risk reduction and the attainment of good outcomes in contemporary cataract surgery depend in part on patient compliance with a postoperative regimen of topical eye drops. Topical drops are expensive and challenging to instill properly for patients. The consequences of noncompliance or poor compliance can be significant for the patient (in the case of a complication) and for society (in the case of development of antibiotic resistance).

Smoking and Eye Pathologies. A Systemic Review. Part I. Anterior Eye Segment Pathologies.

Background: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health and is one of the leading causes of preventable mortality worldwide, associated with lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease and cardiovascular disease.

Aim: The analysis of the influence of tobacco smoking on pathology of the anterior segment of the eye in adults and children.

Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, was published during the period 2000-2016.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema: update 2016.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common complication of cataract surgery, leading in some cases to a decrease in vision. Although the pathogenesis of PCME is not completely understood, the contribution of postsurgical inflammation is generally accepted. Consequently, anti-inflammatory medicines, including steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, have been postulated as having a role in both the prophylaxis and treatment of PCME.

Outcomes of Sutureless Iris-Claw Lens Implantation.

Purpose. To evaluate the indications, refraction, and visual and safety outcomes of iris-claw intraocular lens implanted retropupillary with sutureless technique during primary or secondary operation. Methods.

A brief report on the history of phototherapy.

From ancient times, light has played a significant role in the treatment of diseases. The modern discoveries (eg, ultraviolet radiation) and modern inventions (eg, the electric generator or the electric lightbulb), as well as balneologic experiences of the treatment with sunlight, contributed to the transition from heliotherapy to artificial light phototherapy at the end of the 19th century. Nils Ryberg Finsen (1860-1904) was the founder of modern phototherapy.

Thomas of Wroclaw (1297-1378) - Medieval bishop and scholar of English origin.

Peter of Tilleberi (Tilbury), later known as bishop Thomas of Wroclaw, after completing his studies (in Bologna or in Montpellier) worked as a physician in northern Italy and probably in Spain. Later through Germany and Bohemia, he came to Wroclaw in 1336 where he joined the Order of St. Dominic.

Remembering More Jewish Physicians.

The history of medicine has been an intriguing topic for both authors. The modern relevance of past discoveries led both authors to take a closer look at the lives and contributions of persecuted physicians. The Jewish physicians who died in the Holocaust stand out as a stark example of those who merit being remembered.