Effect of commercial prescription diets containing prebiotics on clinical signs and fecal microbiome in dogs with intestinal disease.

Diet has emerged as a key modulator of the gut microbiota, offering a potential strategy for disease prevention and management. This study investigated the effects of the Prescription Diet Gastrointestinal Biome (GB) on 7 healthy dogs and 16 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (GI dogs). Our investigation monitored changes in body weight and the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) in 16 GI dogs fed a GB diet.

TIM3 on natural killer cells regulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Therapies targeting HER2 are the standard treatment for HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC). Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, exerts anti-tumor activity through cell growth regulation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is induced by the binding of trastuzumab to Fcγ receptor III (CD16) in natural killer (NK) cells.

Development of a sensitive disease-screening model using comprehensive circulating microRNA profiles in dogs: A pilot study.

In the veterinary field, the utility of disease-identification models that use comprehensive circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles produced through measurements based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) remains unproven. To integrate NGS technology with automated machine learning (autoML) to create a comprehensive circulating miRNA profile and to assess the clinical utility of a disease-screening model derived from this profile. The study involved dogs diagnosed with or being treated for various diseases, including tumors, across multiple veterinary clinics ( = 254), and healthy dogs without apparent diseases ( = 91).

SUSD2 cancer-associated fibroblasts in gastric cancer mediate the effect of immunosuppression and predict overall survival and the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

Background: The expression patterns and functions of Sushi Domain Containing 2 (SUSD2) differ among various malignancies. This research aims to investigate the expression of SUSD2 and the role of the SUSD2 cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for immunotherapy in gastric cancer.

Methods: The expression of SUSD2 and specific markers (CD4, CD8, PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3 and CD163) was determined using immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence (mIHC) on paraffin sections.

-Infected Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles Cause Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by oral bacterial infection, with the bacterium being a major causative agent. The association between periodontitis and various systemic diseases has been demonstrated. Recent research has also highlighted the relationship between the aggravation of maternal periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight.

Disseminated proliferative mesocestoidosis caused by Mesocestoides vogae (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidae) in a French bulldog in Japan.

This report describes a case of disseminated proliferative mesocestoidosis in a French bulldog from Aichi, Japan. In July 2023, the dog presented with chronic enteritis, and histological examination of the endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed parasites with suckers. Three months later, numerous tetrathyridia were detected in the inguinal mass.

Gnathostoma doloresi in domestic pigs in the Republic of Palau, 2020-2022.

Gnathostoma adult worms were found in the stomachs of domestic pigs in the Republic of Palau, with a prevalence of 0.7% (2/277) in the meat inspections conducted between 2020 and 2022. Based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis, the worms were identified as the adult stage of Gnathostoma doloresi Tubangui, 1925 (Rhabditida: Gnathostomatidae).

Family Associations in a Breeding Colony of Critically Endangered Hooded Vulture () in the Lowveld of South Africa.

Numbers of Critically Endangered Hooded Vultures ( Temminck 1823) are declining across their distribution. The range-edge population in South Africa is one of the smallest populations with only 100-200 mature individuals. In South Africa, Hooded Vultures nest solitarily in loose colonies (mean distance between nests 0.

Tibial Torsion Malalignment in Small Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation.

Objective:  Medial patellar luxation (MPL) is prevalent in small dogs; however, the causes vary, and few studies have reported tibial deformities. We aimed to conduct a detailed morphological investigation of internal tibial torsion and internal foot rotation and compare the results between MPL grades to better understand the pathogenesis of MPL.

Study Design:  We performed a morphological study of the tibia and comparison with MPL grade, and established a new parameter, metatarsal orientation relative to the orientation of the tibial tuberosity, the proximal tibia metatarsal angle (PTMTA).

Heritabilities for copy number variation of porcine endogenous retrovirus by a quantitative PCR.

Pigs (Sus scrofa) have been expected to have organs transplanted to humans, but porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is one of the risks because the PERV has the possibility to get infected with human cells. Therefore, the pigs are required to have as low a PERV copy number as possible. In this study, firstly, we investigated the estimates of heritabilities for the PERV copy numbers in the Vietnamese native breeds.

Antitumor effects of inhibitors of ERK and Akt pathways in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines.

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (CHS) is characterized by aggressive biological behavior. In our previous study, ERK and Akt pathways were found to be activated in CHS tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was set to investigate the relationships between the activation status of these pathways and the proliferation of CHS cell lines by examining the effects of single and co-administrations of drugs targeting these pathways.

CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway as a novel therapeutic target for RNF213-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Genetic backgrounds of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were not fully investigated. A variant of c.14429G > A (p.

Pelvic osteotomy for pelvic canal stenosis after malunion pelvic fractures in cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of pelvic osteotomy and ventral fixation of the ischium using cortical screws and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for feline pelvic canal stenosis (PCS) associated with malunion after conservative management of pelvic fractures.

Methods: Surgical pelvic enlargement was performed for PCS in six cats. The medical records, including information on the patients, surgical procedures, defecation and complications, were reviewed.

Maternal psychological distress and temperament traits in children from infancy to late childhood.

Background: Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with infant temperament. Whether associations persist into late childhood, whether maternal distress is associated with temperament change from infancy to late childhood, whether associations are independent of maternal concurrent distress, and whether maternal distress has sensitive exposure periods on child temperament remain unclear.

Methods: Our study includes mother-child dyads from Finnish, prospective Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction study.

Finite element analysis shows minimal stability difference between individualized mini-hemilaminectomy-corpectomy and partial lateral corpectomy in a dog model.

Objective: Use finite element analysis to evaluate the biomechanical effects of spinal decompression procedures in healthy Beagle dogs, comparing individualized mini-hemilaminectomy-corpectomy (iMHC), mini-hemilaminectomy, partial lateral corpectomy (PLC), and hemilaminectomy.

Methods: A finite element model of the L1-L2 functional spinal unit was generated using CT data. For each decompression model, loads were applied in 0.

Growth pattern and turnover of carbon and nitrogen measured by stable isotope ratios in the hair of sika deer (Cervus nippon).

Rationale: Hair is known to preserve diet history and other physiological information during its growth period and is often used in chemical analyses. However, the growth patterns and turnover of hair vary according to the animal species or habitat, so understanding these patterns in the target animal is necessary for interpreting the results of hair analyses. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the growth pattern and dietary information of winter coat hair in captive sika deer (Cervus nippon).

Catalytically active prokaryotic Argonautes employ phospholipase D family proteins to strengthen immunity against different genetic invaders.

Prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) provide bacteria and archaea with immunity against plasmids and viruses. Catalytically active pAgos utilize short oligonucleotides as guides to directly cleave foreign nucleic acids, while inactive pAgos lacking catalytic residues employ auxiliary effectors, such as nonspecific nucleases, to trigger abortive infection upon detection of foreign nucleic acids. Here, we report a unique group of catalytically active pAgo proteins that frequently associate with a phospholipase D (PLD) family protein.

Impact of daily administration of blackberry extract on gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.

Purpose: Blackberries are rich in polyphenols and are a human health food continuously consumed to improve health and reduce diseases caused by aging. Herein, we evaluated the effects of daily blackberry administration before and after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils.

Methods: Blackberry extract (BBE) was orally administered twice a day for two weeks to protect against ischemic events during continuous administration.

Improvement of nonsurgical artificial insemination with cryopreserved spermatozoa in Alexandromys montebelli, Japanese grass vole.

Microtus genus is the herbivorous animal with multiple stomachs, and some of them possess a mating system similar to human and thereby has been expected as a model animal for the large herbivory and human mating system model, respectively. Thus, it is significant to maintain Microtus as an animal genetic resource. We have studied the establishment of assisted reproductive technologies in Alexandromys.

A Retrospective Study of Risk Factors Associated with Refracture after Repair of Radial-Ulnar Fractures in Small-Breed Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for refracture after radial union in small-breed dogs.

Study Design:  In our retrospective study, medical records of radial-ulnar fracture cases in small dogs treated with plates and screws were reviewed. General information and postoperative course (days until confirmed radial fracture healing, with or without ulnar union, time to final follow-up, with or without plate removal and refracture) were recorded.