20,999 results match your criteria: "Poxviruses"

Previously obtained highly immunogenic Env-VLPs ensure overcoming the natural resistance of HIV-1 surface proteins associated with their low level of incorporation and inaccessibility of conserved epitopes to induce neutralizing antibodies. We also adopted this technology to modify Env trimers of the ZM53(T/F) strain to produce Env-VLPs by recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs). For VLP production, rVVs expressing Env, Gag-Pol (HIV-1/SIV), and the cowpox virus hr gene, which overcomes the restriction of vaccinia virus replication in CHO cells, were used.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Monkeypox (Mpox) has once again been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) as of August, 2024. The severity of the disease is underscored by its significant mortality rate, and unfortunately, there are no targeted therapeutics currently available for this viral infection. Management relies on preventive measures and the use of existing smallpox vaccines due to their genetic similarity to the Mpox virus.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: M-pox is a re-emerging pathogen that is spreading rapidly in developing countries, presenting a serious health risk. Data are scarce on M-pox and its determinants in endemic countries such as Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological burden and factors linked to the resurgence of M-pox in high-risk communities in Cameroon.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unexpected mass mortality of black bullhead Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque, 1820) fingerlings occurred 1 week after their arrival at our animal facility. The specimens of the invasive fish species originated from Lake Balaton, the largest natural freshwater lake in Hungary. The mortality reached 100% within 3 days.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, is responsible for the zoonotic disease known as MPX. Primarily found in western and central Africa, emerging studies indicate a shift in transmission dynamics. Ongoing MPX outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have escalated into significant public health concerns.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Monkeypox: A comprehensive review on mutation, transmission, pathophysiology, and therapeutics.

Int Immunopharmacol

December 2024

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea. Electronic address:

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of the monkeypox (Mpox) disease, belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. Due to the recent re-emergence of Mpox in 2024, this is the second time when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This review intends to offer an in-depth analysis of Mpox, including its key characteristics, epidemiological, mutation, pathophysiology, transmission, and therapeutics.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Recombinant Vaccine Production: Production of a Recombinant CCHF MVA Vaccine.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.

One of the key interventions against infection is immunization, including an increasing focus on development of vaccines against pathogenic bunyaviruses. Whilst different vaccine development approaches exist, recombinant viral vaccines have a strong safety record, are rapid to produce, are cost-effective, and have been demonstrated to be rolled out in response to outbreaks, including in low- and middle-income countries. One viral vector, modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), has been used to develop vaccine candidates against Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus through incorporation of the nucleoprotein (NP) and glycoprotein (GP) regions, with the former candidate having now progressed to being the first vaccine against CCHF virus to enter Phase 1 clinical trials.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Coronaviruses and influenza viruses are significant respiratory pathogens that cause severe disease burdens and economic losses for society. Due to their diversity and evolution, vaccines typically require periodic updating to remain effective. An additional challenge is imposed by the possible coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, which could increase disease severity.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has emerged as a threat to cattle production in Asia, and India has been facing LSD epidemics since 2019. Although water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is susceptible to natural LSDV infection, there have been no confirmed reports of LSDV infection in water buffalo in India. In this study, we investigated suspected cases of LSD in water buffaloes from 12 Indian states and one union territory during 2020-2023.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Monkeypox is a rare viral disease that is spreading in Pakistan, creating significant public health concerns.
  • The disease can spread quickly in regions with weak healthcare systems, highlighting the urgency of addressing its rise.
  • The communication focuses on the current situation of monkeypox in Pakistan, stressing the need for better surveillance, diagnostics, and public health strategies to control outbreaks and protect public health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), and since May 2022, tens of thousands of cases have been reported in non-endemic countries. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of different sample types for mpox diagnostic and assess the temporal dynamics of viral load. We evaluated 1914 samples from 953 laboratory-confirmed cases.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Identification of core therapeutic targets for Monkeypox virus and repurposing potential of drugs: A WEB prediction approach.

PLoS One

December 2024

Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.

A new round of monkeypox virus has emerged in the United Kingdom since July 2022 and rapidly swept the world. Currently, despite numerous research groups are studying this virus and seeking effective treatments, the information on the open reading frame, inhibitors, and potential targets of monkeypox has not been updated in time, and the comprehension of monkeypox target ligand interactions remains a key challenge. Here, we first summarized and improved the open reading frame information of monkeypox, constructed the monkeypox inhibitor library and potential targets library by database research as well as literature search, combined with advanced protein modeling technologies (Sequence-based and AI algorithms-based homology modeling).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus. We report on human mpox cases in Uganda identified by PCR and confirmed by deep sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering with other clade Ib sequences associated with recent outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A penta-component mpox mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity in nonhuman primates.

Nat Commun

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) exhibits changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profile the immunogenicity of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Reports of mpox are rising in Africa where the disease is endemic and in new countries where the disease has not been previously seen. The 2022 global outbreak of clade II mpox and an ongoing outbreak of the more lethal clade I mpox highlight the pandemic potential for monkeypox virus. Waning population immunity after the cessation of routine immunization for smallpox plays a key role in the changing epidemiologic patterns of mpox.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Live attenuated goatpox vaccination in pregnant Murcia-Granada goats: dosage implications and outcomes.

BMC Vet Res

December 2024

Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.

Article Synopsis
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Isolation and Identification of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the capripoxvirus genus, induces lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle and buffalo populations. The initial documentation of LSD dates back to 1929 in Zambia, with subsequent rapid dissemination within the cattle community in Africa and Asia. Described as the "smallpox" equivalent in cattle, LSD manifests through clinical features such as fever, extensive cutaneous nodules, body wasting, lymph node enlargement, and skin edema.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated and replication-deficient vaccinia virus developed through serial passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). MVA is increasingly used in biomedicine for vaccine development in preclinical and clinical studies in humans. Major benefits of MVA include a well-established record in clinical safety, long-standing experience in genetic engineering of the virus, a large data set demonstrating efficacy in preclinical models with the capacity to induce both protective antigen-specific antibody and cellular immune responses, and the availability of virus production under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) suitable for industrial scale amplification.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Titration Using Crystal Violet- or Immuno-Staining in DF-1 Cells.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a promising vaccine vector with an outstanding safety profile. The gold standard method to titrate MVA is to immune stain plaques formed in MVA-infected monolayer of primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. Recently, DF-1, an immortal chicken embryo fibroblast line, has also been used.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sample Preparation for Global Metabolic Profiling of Vaccinia Virus-Infected Primary Human Foreskin Fibroblasts.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype member of the Poxviridae family, has played a crucial role in medicine as a key component in the development of smallpox vaccines, contributing to the eradication of this deadly disease. Beyond its historical significance, VACV continues to be pivotal in researching metabolic alterations induced by viral infections. Studies have revealed that VACV can impact pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and lipid metabolism in host cells, offering valuable insights into host-virus interactions and broader cellular metabolism.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Experimental Evolution of Poxviruses.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Experimental evolution is the process of exposing virus populations to defined selective pressures in a laboratory setting to identify adaptive changes. Coupled with deep sequencing, this experimental approach allows for nucleotide-level resolution of poxvirus adaptive strategies over time. Here, we present a general method of poxvirus experimental evolution, Illumina-based deep sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses to identify structural changes (e.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis of Vaccinia Virus Infection.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Here, we describe a robust and flexible method for analyzing the infection of single cells with a fluorescent-reporter virus, with real-time tracking of infected cells through microscopy. We subsequently generate quantitative data from the resulting time-lapse microscopy, and harness these data to generate biologically meaningful parameters at scale. Our methodology offers a practical solution for researchers seeking to understand the complexities and variability of virus-host interactions at a granular level.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF