2,472 results match your criteria: "Posttraumatic Epilepsy"

Gut-microbiota-brain Axis and post-traumatic epilepsy.

Epilepsia Open

December 2024

Department of Pediatrics and Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

There has been growing evidence that perturbations in gut-microbiota-brain axis (GMBA) are involved in mechanisms of chronic sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review discusses the connection between GMBA and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), the latter being a common outcome of TBI. The focus is on two aspects of post-TBI GMBA dysfunction that are relevant to epilepsy.

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Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a neuronal migration disorder often associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. The epileptogenic zone network (EZN) in PVNH is generally large, contraindicating surgery. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) can be proposed to map the EZN and perform radiofrequency thermocoagulation (THC) with an efficacy rate of approximately 65%.

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Objective: To investigate hippocampal volume changes in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients compared to healthy controls and assess their association with post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), focusing on age-related effects.

Methods: Imaging and demographic data for TBI patients were obtained from the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx) database; healthy controls matched by age and sex were sourced from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Intramural Healthy Volunteer Dataset, the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), and the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE). MRI images for TBI subjects were obtained within 14-32 days post-injury.

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Animal welfare assessment after controlled cortical impact in CD-1 mice - A model of posttraumatic epilepsy.

Epilepsy Behav

December 2024

Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address:

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Objective: To test a hypothesis that acutely regulated plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as prognostic biomarkers for the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE).

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 245) were randomized to lateral fluid-percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) or sham operation at three study sites (Finland, Australia, United States). Video-electroencephalography (vEEG) was performed on the seventh post-injury month to detect spontaneous seizures.

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Article Synopsis
  • Researchers developed prediction models to estimate the risk of posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) in individuals who experienced moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) during a two-year recovery period.
  • The study utilized data from over 6,000 participants in the TBI Model Systems National Database, performing analyses to create models that account for various factors influencing seizure risk post-injury.
  • Key findings indicated that Model 3, which focused on predicting new or recurrent seizures in the second year, had the highest sensitivity (86.63%) and effectiveness, with factors like cranial surgeries and traumatic hemorrhages being significant risk predictors across all models.
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  • Mental health conditions and epilepsy often occur together during pregnancy and are linked to higher rates of severe maternal morbidity (SMM).
  • A study examining over 5 million births in California found that SMM was notably higher in pregnant individuals with either or both conditions compared to those without.
  • Results showed that the odds of SMM increased significantly with mental health issues (2.13 times), epilepsy (3.79 times), and even more so for those with both conditions (4.91 times), stressing the importance of monitoring these risks in pregnant women.
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Unlabelled: Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis through functional gap junctions (GJs) primarily formed by connexin43 (Cx43). These GJs facilitate electrical and metabolic coupling between astrocytes, allowing the passage of ions, glucose, and metabolites. Dysregulation of Cx43 has been implicated in various pathologies, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acquired epilepsy.

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Risk of Epilepsy Following a First Posttraumatic Seizure: A Register-Based Study.

Neurol Clin Pract

February 2025

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology (MK, SH, JL, AS, JZ), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University; Clinic of Neurology (MK, AS), Rehabilitation and Specialized Care at Home, Södra Älvsborg Hospital; Department of Research, Education and Innovation (MK, AS), Region Västra Götaland, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås; Department of Neurology (SH, JZ), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Wallenberg Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine (SH, JZ), Gothenburg University; and Department of Neurosurgery (JL), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background And Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of epilepsy, and the risk increases with injury severity. Whether a first posttraumatic seizure (PTS) represents epilepsy is a common clinical problem, but often unknown. Prognostication is important for providing correct patient information and consideration of antiseizure medication.

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Importance: Several psychiatric disorders have been found to occur more frequently in persons with epilepsy (PWE) than in persons without epilepsy.

Objective: To summarize the prevalence of 20 psychiatric disorders in PWE compared with persons without epilepsy.

Data Sources: The search included records from inception to February 2024 in Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO.

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Prediction of Post Traumatic Epilepsy Using MR-Based Imaging Markers.

Hum Brain Mapp

December 2024

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a debilitating neurological disorder that develops after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the high prevalence of PTE, current methods for predicting its occurrence remain limited. In this study, we aimed to identify imaging-based markers for the prediction of PTE using machine learning.

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Background: Anxiety and depression in people with epilepsy are common and associated with poor outcomes; yet, they often go untreated due to poor mental health specialist access. Collaborative care is an integrated care model with a strong evidence base in primary care and medical settings, but it has not been evaluated in neurology clinics. Evaluating implementation outcomes when translating evidence-based interventions to new clinical settings to inform future scaling and incorporation into real-world practice is important.

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This review systematically analyzes potential biomarker candidates for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in humans who have experienced moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Focusing on biomarkers across biofluid-based protein, genetic, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological categories, this review distinguishes between TBI patients who develop PTE and those who do not. The review adheres to established methodologies outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

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Importance: Blast-related mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the "signature injury" of post-9/11 conflicts, are associated with clinically relevant, long-term cognitive, psychological, and behavioral dysfunction and disability; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate associations between a history of remote blast-related mild TBI and regional brain volume in a sample of US veterans and active duty service members.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of US veterans and active duty service members from the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC), which enrolled more than 1500 participants at 5 sites used in this analysis between 2014 and 2023.

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Characterisation of psychological and neurocognitive processes accompanying functional seizures.

Epilepsy Behav

December 2024

Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between clinical, psychological, and cognitive characteristics of adults with functional seizures.

Methods: This study describes baseline characteristics of one-hundred and seven participants with a documented diagnosis of functional seizures recruited to the Re-PROGRAM randomised controlled trial. Participants completed a semi-structured interview, neuropsychological assessment, and questionnaire measures via Telehealth.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a serious complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that increases health risks and mortality rates; researchers within the EpiBioS4Rx study aim to find therapies to prevent PTE in rat models.
  • - The study focuses on sodium selenate, which has shown promise in reducing seizure development post-TBI by acting on specific proteins in the brain; experiments measure how the drug is processed in rats' bodies and its effectiveness in reaching the brain.
  • - Results indicate that sodium selenate undergoes rapid transformation in the body and demonstrates complex clearance and distribution patterns, suggesting it effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, which is crucial for its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Objective: To investigate phenotypes of comorbidity before and after an epilepsy diagnosis in a national cohort of post-9/11 Service Members and Veterans and explore phenotypic associations with mortality.

Methods: Among a longitudinal cohort of Service Members and Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) from 2002 to 2018, annual diagnoses for 26 conditions associated with epilepsy were collected over 5 years, ranging from 2 years prior to 2 years after the year of first epilepsy diagnosis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify probabilistic comorbidity phenotypes with distinct health trajectories.

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Objective: High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a standard in the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, high costs and technical barriers have limited adoption in low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income nations, many individuals with epilepsy face delays in undergoing MRI.

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Article Synopsis
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a growing global concern with severe long-term effects, including dizziness, sleep issues, headaches, seizures, and mental health problems like depression and anxiety.
  • The prognosis for TBI outcomes is complicated due to the varied nature of the injuries, and research is increasingly focusing on genetics, such as the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and molecular biomarkers like the inflammatory protein IL1-β.
  • The review highlights not only the complications associated with TBI, such as cognitive decline and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases but also discusses current and future medical treatments aimed at alleviating these debilitating symptoms.
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  • The study aimed to determine if the plasma level of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can predict the development of posttraumatic epilepsy in rats.* -
  • Researchers analyzed plasma samples from 143 rats, with findings showing that TBI rats developing epilepsy (TBI+) had significantly higher pNF-H levels compared to those without epilepsy (TBI-), indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker.* -
  • The study concluded that elevated pNF-H levels on day 2 post-injury were associated with more severe epilepsy and correlated with lower neurological scores and greater brain damage, highlighting pNF-H's significance as a prognostic biomarker.*
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  • - The study investigates the link between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and epilepsy, focusing on how different APOE subtypes may affect the risk, characteristics, and outcomes of the condition.
  • - A systematic review of 46 studies indicates that the APOE 4 allele increases the risk of epilepsy, while the APOE 2 allele decreases that risk, with variations noted particularly in temporal lobe and drug-refractory epilepsy cases.
  • - The findings suggest potential implications for clinical management of epilepsy, particularly for patients with cognitive impairments and specific epilepsy types, although routine APOE gene testing in epilepsy patients is still uncertain.
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  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes, leading to benign tumors and associated neuropsychiatric disorders and epilepsy, with TSC2 mutations usually resulting in more severe symptoms.
  • A study was conducted on a 13-year-old patient and three family members with a specific TSC2 variant (R905Q), revealing a range of symptoms from severe epilepsy to mild dermatological features, highlighting the variant's unusual milder effects in some cases.
  • The findings suggest the need for genetic testing in individuals with severe epilepsy, as the TSC2 R905Q variant can present without typical neurological signs, and it also underscores the significance of
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