Eradication of persistent coxsackievirus B infection from a pancreatic cell line with clinically used antiviral drugs.

Background: Persistent enterovirus infections create a difficult therapeutic challenge in immunocompromised patients and may also contribute to the development of chronic diseases including type 1 diabetes, cardiomyopathies, post-polio syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Objectives: To study the ability of antiviral drugs to eradicate such infection in vitro to evalaute their potential in the treatments of these patients.

Study Design: We set out to evaluate several licensed or clinically tested drugs which have shown some anti-enterovirus activity in previous studies for their ability to cure persistent infection established by two different coxsackievirus B1 strains in a pancreatic cell line (PANC-1 cells).

Longitudinal associations between physical activity, anxiety, and depression in adults with long-term physical disabilities.

Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal associations between self-reported physical activity and anxiety and depression symptom severity in adults with long-term physical disabilities.

Method: A secondary analysis of data from a United States-based longitudinal survey study of community-dwelling adults with 1 of 4 potential long-term physical disabilities (multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury, postpoliomyelitis syndrome). The first time point (T1) for the current study was completed by 1,594 participants.

A twelve-week, four-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 prospective clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an anthroposophic multimodal treatment on chronic pain in outpatients with postpolio syndrome.

Introduction: Chronic pain and fatigue are the main symptoms of postpoliomyelitis syndrome (PPS). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an anthroposophic multimodal treatment for chronic pain in PPS outpatients.

Methods: A twelve-week, four-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 prospective clinical trial was designed to compare four groups (n = 48): groups A and B received daily active experimental transdermal gel (ETG) or placebo gel (PTG), respectively; groups C and D received weekly external therapies, art therapies, and neurofunctional reorganization, plus either daily ETG or PTG, respectively.

Cross-lagged longitudinal analysis of pain intensity and sleep disturbance.

Background: There is substantial evidence that pain intensity and sleep are related, with findings generally suggesting more support for the influence of sleep on pain intensity than vice versa. However, the strength and direction of the relationship has been found to vary among different populations, with few studies in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.

Objective: Examine the directionality of the sleep and pain relationship in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.

A very long-term longitudinal follow-up of persons with late effects of polio.

Background: As many as 60-80% of persons with a history of polio myelitis develop new symptoms, such as new or increased muscle weakness, muscle and joint pain, and fatigue several decades later, called postpolio syndrome (PPS). This may affect their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). It is still unclear if the patient's symptom is getting worse and in that case how much/fast the decline is.

Sleep disorders in aging polio survivors: A systematic review.

Background: Sleep disturbances, especially sleep disordered breathing and sleep movement disorders, seem to be highly prevalent among aging polio survivors. They could contribute to late functional deterioration, fatigue, poor quality of life and negative health outcomes, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk.

Objectives: This review focused on current knowledge of the prevalence of sleep disorders in polio survivors, their features, predictive factors and management.

Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability.

Background: An estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.

Objectives: To determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long-term disability.

Goal Pursuit, Goal Adjustment, and Pain in Middle-Aged Adults Aging With Physical Disability.

Aging with physical disability disrupts one's ability to achieve valued goals due to changes in symptoms and function. It is unclear how to cope optimally in this context. This study examined whether two possible strategies-tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA)-were associated with reduced pain interference and depressive symptoms and greater well-being, and protected against pain intensity, and FGA was more protective with increasing age and worse physical function.

Usefulness of Electromyography to Predict Future Muscle Weakness in Clinically Unaffected Muscles of Polio Survivors.

Background: Post-polio syndrome-induced muscle weakness may develop in limbs that have had normal muscle strength and have been considered unaffected by polio.

Objective: To investigate the utility of electromyography (EMG) for predicting future muscle weakness in clinically unaffected limb muscles of polio survivors.

Design: Retrospective study.

Polio and post-polio syndrome in non-Western immigrants: A new challenge for the healthcare system in Norway.

Objective: To explore the health situation and identify specific health challenges in non-Western immigrants with polio in Norway, by comparing their status with Western immigrants with polio and native Norwegians with polio.

Design: A questionnaire covering demographics, polio history, life satisfaction, medical, psychological and social conditions was answered by 1,408 persons with polio, among them 34 immigrants from non-Western countries and 32 immigrants from Western countries.

Results: The non-Western immigrant polio group had a mean age of 46 years, were highly educated, reported high frequency of mental health problems and only one-third was working.

Resilience and Function in Adults With Chronic Physical Disabilities: A Cross-Lagged Panel Design.

Background: Resilience is a psychological construct referring to one's positive adaptation in response to adversity. Evidence suggests that resilience may contribute to various function domains in adults with chronic physical disabilities.

Purpose: To test hypothesized temporal associations between resilience and four function domains (anxiety, depression, social role satisfaction, and physical function) in individuals with chronic physical disabilities.

Post-poliomyelitis syndrome.

Most developed countries eliminated paralytic poliomyelitis (polio) in the 1970s to 1980s. It was believed that after recovery from acute paralytic poliomyelitis, the physical condition of survivors would remain stable for the rest of their lives. However, the elimination of polio does not equate the end of medical management of polio.

Postpolio Syndrome: A Review of Lived Experiences of Patients.

Postpolio syndrome (PPS) refers to a group of conditions that are present in patients, years after recovery from initial acute paralytic poliomyelitis. About 15%-80% of 20 million polio survivors worldwide will experience exacerbation of symptoms which typically appear 15-30 years after the resolution of initial poliomyelitis. Symptoms include new muscle weakness, fatigue, myalgia, joint pain, dysphagia, and difficulty breathing.

Post-polio Syndrome: More Than Just a Lower Motor Neuron Disease.

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a neurological condition that affects polio survivors decades after their initial infection. Despite its high prevalence, the etiology of PPS remains elusive, mechanisms of progression are poorly understood, and the condition is notoriously under-researched. While motor dysfunction is a hallmark feature of the condition, generalized fatigue, sleep disturbance, decreased endurance, neuropsychological deficits, sensory symptoms, and chronic pain are also often reported and have considerable quality of life implications in PPS.

Experiences of Speaking With Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: A Qualitative Investigation.

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe experiences of speaking with 2 forms of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)-mouthpiece NPPV (M-NPPV) and nasal bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)-in people with neuromuscular disorders who depend on NPPV for survival. Method Twelve participants (ages 22-68 years; 10 men, 2 women) with neuromuscular disorders (9 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1 Becker muscular dystrophy, 1 postpolio syndrome, and 1 spinal cord injury) took part in semistructured interviews about their speech. All subjects used M-NPPV during the day, and all but 1 used BPAP at night for their ventilation needs.

Describing post-polio syndrome.

Introduction: Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).

Objective: To identify the clinical and functional profile and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting PPS.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 400 patients with poliomyelitis attended at the Institut Guttmann outpatient clinic, of whom 310 were diagnosed with PPS.

Sense of Coherence and the Association with Sociodemographics and Disability Related Factors in Persons with Late Effects of Polio.

Background: Sense of Coherence (SOC) is important for successful adaptation in persons with life-long disabilities. A previous study has shown that persons with Late Effects of Polio (LEoP) have a level of SOC indicating that they generally have the ability to understand, handle, and have the motivation to deal with stressful events and problems arising in their lives. However, no study has explored the associations between SOC, sociodemographics, and disability-related factors in persons with LEoP.

Secondary health conditions and social role satisfaction in adults with long-term physical disability.

Objective: Individuals living with physical disability due to early acquired or traumatic conditions often experience a range of psychological and physical health problems that are associated with their condition but are not directly caused by it. Known as "secondary health conditions," these problems can interact with existing functional limitations and other medical comorbidities to limit social participation. The current study assessed the concurrent and longitudinal associations between secondary health conditions, chronic medical comorbidities, and functional limitations, with a PROMIS® measure of social role participation.

Factors associated with disease self-efficacy in individuals aging with a disability.

Self-management of a disability consists of treatment adherence, obtaining information about the disease and treatment options, caring for oneself, participating in decisions, and maintaining social relationships and emotional balance. Understanding and measuring an individual's beliefs about their ability to successfully self-manage and live well with a disability allows researchers and clinicians to better target interventions aimed at increasing disability management self-efficacy (DMSE). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between demographic and clinical indicators, and self-efficacy for DMSE in individuals with chronic physical conditions.

Impact of secondary health conditions on social role participation for a long-term physical disability cohort.

For people living with long-term physical disability (LTPD) social participation may involve managing physical impairments and secondary health conditions (SHCs) that are not due to the pathophysiology of the LTPD diagnosis itself. Prior research found a negative relationship between SHCs and participation in social roles in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). We expand on this research by investigating the influence of SHCs on participation in social roles for people with one of four LTPDs, controlling for co-variates.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL-I) to Assess Perceived Participation in Adults With Late Effects of Polio.

Background: Many individuals with late effects of polio have difficulties participating in daily activities. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL-I) is a self-report questionnaire that evaluates perceived participation, but knowledge of the test-retest reliability and measurement errors in this population is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of the RNL-I in adults with late effects of polio.

Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) as a biomarker of motor unit loss in post-polio syndrome versus needle EMG.

Unlabelled: MUNIX method (Motor Unit Number Index) had been not used to assess number of motor neurons in post-polio syndrome in contrary to needle electromyography.

Objectives: To confirm if MUNIX reflects motor unit loss and clinical stage and to assess difference in MUNIX and EMG results between muscles in different stage.

Methods: 132 Muscles (MUNIX) and 96 (EMG) in 12 patients were studied and divided into groups: with normal strength(N), stable weakness and atrophy(S), new weakness and atrophy(W).

Neurological Symptoms in Danes with a History of Poliomyelitis: Lifelong Follow-Up of Late Symptoms, their Association with Initial Symptoms of Polio, and Presence of Postpolio Syndrome.

Background: Previous studies suggest that patients with a history of poliomyelitis (PM) later in life experience a variety of symptoms. These studies were carried out in patients who later in life were admitted to hospital or became members of polio societies and may therefore not be representative of all polio patients. Little data have been published concerning patients actually discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of acute paralytic PM.

Efficacy of Oral Care Provided by Interprofessional Collaboration for a Patient with Esophageal Cancer Associated with Post-polio Syndrome during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Preoperative oral care is helpful to prevent postoperative complications in patients who are undergoing esophagectomy. Here, we report the case of an 81-year-old Japanese man with an upper limb disability caused by post-polio syndrome who was receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal cancer. He had poor oral health status and developed oral complications as a side effect of chemotherapy.