12,314 results match your criteria: "Postmortem Radiology and Imaging"

Degeneration of white matter (WM) microstructure in the central nervous system is characteristic of many neurodegenerative conditions. Previous research indicates that axonal degeneration visible in ex vivo electron microscopy (EM) photomicrographs precede the onset of clinical symptoms. Measuring WM microstructural features, such as axon diameter and packing fraction, currently require these highly invasive methods of analysis and it is therefore of great importance to develop methods for in vivo measurements.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study aimed to explore the anatomy of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) to improve surgical techniques for chronic ankle instability (CAI).
  • Utilizing 3D MRI technology on both cadaveric samples and live volunteers, six different spatial resolutions were tested to determine the best option for accurate measurement of critical distances related to the ligaments.
  • The findings highlighted high interobserver agreement and showed that specific distances from the ATFL and CFL to relevant bony landmarks are measurable, providing necessary data for enhancing surgical reconstruction approaches in CAI cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: Establishing a positive identification of human remains found in a forensic setting is often accomplished through DNA, fingerprints, or odontology. However, when these primary identifiers cannot be applied, practitioners can rely on combining points of concordance derived from other identification modalities such as antemortem trauma, pathology, or unique skeletal morphologies to build up a case for identification. In order to conduct these comparisons, forensic anthropologists must be well trained and experienced in human skeletal variation and antemortem trauma to properly evaluate a particular skeletal trait and understand its value with respect to personal identification.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ) PET scans and Aβ biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to assess their effectiveness in treating Aβ-related conditions.
  • - A total of 505 participants aged 50 and older were analyzed, with a focus on their Aβ levels as measured by both PET and CSF, and a subgroup of 47 who underwent autopsy for further validation.
  • - Results indicated that Aβ PET scans detected earlier Aβ accumulation in the brain compared to CSF biomarkers, showing a higher sensitivity for identifying early stages of Aβ deposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cortical areas have traditionally been defined by their distinctive layer cyto- and/or myelo- architecture using postmortem histology. Recent studies have delineated many areas by measuring overall cortical myelin content and its spatial gradients using the T1w/T2w ratio MRI in living primates, including humans. While T1w/T2w studies of areal transitions might benefit from using the layer profile of this myelin-related contrast, a significant confound is Gibbs' ringing artefact, which produces signal fluctuations resembling cortical layers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Strangulation].

Radiologie (Heidelb)

November 2024

Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung Radiologie, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Clinical Problem: Detection of manual strangulation, choking and hanging, as well as the intensity of these actions, helps to clarify the course of events, to enforce the state's right to prosecute and ultimately to protect against further attacks. However, this is complicated by the scarcity of externally visible findings.

Standard Procedure To Date: The forensic examination of the head and neck after strangulation is carried out by means of external inspection to detect injuries and congestion above the strangulation level.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Exposure to total body irradiation (TBI) in adult rhesus macaques shows that it leads to slight declines in cortical bone microstructure, like reduced thickness and area, but does not significantly affect material composition or mechanical properties compared to non-irradiated controls.
  • While TBI was administered after peak bone mass was achieved, the study suggests that skeletons of long-term survivors might maintain their mechanical integrity even with some radiation-induced structural changes.
  • Additionally, aging impacts the mechanical behavior of bones, particularly reducing toughness to fracture, indicating further research is needed to understand how radiation may cause bone fragility in both mature and immature bones for better patient care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is an inherited prion disease characterized by dementia, cerebellar ataxia, and painful sensory disturbances. GSS is pathologically defined by the presence of amyloid plaques comprised of prion protein predominantly localized in the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and basal ganglia, resulting from mutations in the prion protein gene. This study investigated five cases of GSS P102L [GSS caused by a leucine (L) substitution of proline (P) at position 102 of the prion protein gene] with L-dopa-resistant extrapyramidal symptoms and reduced dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) uptake.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual autopsy using 7 Tesla MRI compared to traditional autopsy for identifying structural abnormalities in second-trimester fetuses (13-19 weeks gestation).
  • A total of 30 fetuses were analyzed, and the results showed that virtual autopsy had a high sensitivity (92.04%) and specificity (97.87%) for detecting anatomical issues, achieving an overall diagnostic accuracy of 95.68%.
  • The findings indicated that virtual autopsy performs particularly well in examining the nervous system compared to classical autopsy when evaluating small fetuses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Evaluation of age estimation using alveolar bone images.

Forensic Sci Int

November 2024

Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how the alveolar bone changes over time by analyzing 238 panoramic and 140 CT images to estimate age groups based on these changes.
  • It employs Procrustes analysis to compare younger individuals with older age groups and uses postmortem data to validate age estimation techniques.
  • The findings indicate that both imaging methods reveal significant bone changes related to aging, suggesting a potential for using these assessments in practical age estimation scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Ultrasonographic assessment of equine metacarpal cartilage thickness is more accurate than computed tomographic arthrography.

Vet Radiol Ultrasound

January 2025

Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.

Article Synopsis
  • - Articular cartilage in horses can be effectively imaged using ultrasonography, especially in cases of osteochondrosis, which affects common areas like the fetlock.
  • - A study measuring cartilage thickness in young horses found that ultrasonography had better accuracy compared to computed tomographic arthrography (CTA), with the best results at the distal sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone.
  • - While there was overall weak agreement between ultrasonography and histology, the findings indicated that cartilage thickness decreases with age, emphasizing the usefulness of ultrasonography for assessing cartilage in young horses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates synaptic density in autistic adults using positron emission tomography (PET) and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) as a marker.
  • Results show that autistic individuals exhibit a 17% lower synaptic density across the whole cortex compared to non-autistic peers, with significant deficits in various brain regions, especially the prefrontal cortex.
  • The findings suggest that lower synaptic density is associated with increased autistic features, pointing to a potential molecular basis for autism that requires further exploration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: Air crashes or explosions with numerous victims may result in thousands of fragmented human remains that present a massive challenge for disaster victim identification teams. Genetic identification may present important financial and technical limits, and the physical re-association of fractured bones by forensic anthropologists may require a time-consuming phase of cleaning and drying. A virtual re-association (VRA) of fragmented human remains using postmortem computed tomography (CT)-scan images could enhance the identification process and reduce the number of genetic analyses required.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Cognitive impairment is a significant symptom of Parkinson's disease, primarily linked to the deterioration of the cholinergic system in the brain.
  • Studies utilizing postmortem data and PET scans indicate notable changes in the cholinergic system in patients, particularly those with Parkinson's dementia.
  • This review highlights MRI as a cost-effective method to investigate structural changes in parts of the brain related to cognition, noting that reductions in a specific area (Ch4) could help predict cognitive decline in these patients, although more research is needed to fully understand these changes, especially in early cognitive decline stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic characteristics of bone for clinically normal laying hens in a free-range housing system.

Vet Radiol Ultrasound

January 2025

Veterinary Diagnostic Center; College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • A study looked at the bones of backyard laying hens, which are increasingly kept as pets, to see if they have any issues.
  • Sixteen healthy hens were examined using different imaging techniques to check their bone health.
  • The researchers found no serious problems but noticed tiny specks in the bones, which they believe are normal and could help with calcium storage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Photon-counting CT for forensic death investigations-a glance into the future of virtual autopsy.

Front Radiol

September 2024

Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

This article explores the potential of photon-counting computed tomography (CT) in forensic medicine for a range of forensic applications. Photon-counting CT surpasses conventional CT in several key areas. It boasts superior spatial and contrast resolution, enhanced image quality at low x-ray energies, and spectral imaging capabilities that enable more precise material differentiation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sex estimation using skull silhouette images from postmortem computed tomography by deep learning.

Sci Rep

September 2024

Medical Quantum Science Course, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Prompt personal identification is required during disasters that can result in many casualties. To rapidly estimate sex based on skull structure, this study applied deep learning using two-dimensional silhouette images, obtained from head postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), to enhance the outline shape of the skull. We investigated the process of sex estimation using silhouette images viewed from different angles and majority votes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We present a 76-year-old man with cryptogenic new-onset refractory status epilepticus (C-NORSE) with an initial abnormal signal in the nucleus accumbens and a remarkable hyperintense signal on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the bilateral basal ganglia (BG). His status epilepticus did not respond to most anti-epileptic therapies or immunotherapies, and he died of sepsis. An autopsy revealed severe neuronal loss and hypertrophic astrocytes in the BG and limbic system, with no signs of inflammation or malignancy.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * The review highlights how H MRS metabolites correlate with other AD detection methods, such as biofluid analysis and PET scans, while also examining the impact of apolipoprotein 4 allele status on brain chemistry.
  • * Understanding these biochemical changes through H MRS could provide insights into AD progression and aid in developing new treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * A study compared 50 poor sleepers and 50 good sleepers, revealing that poor sleepers had significantly lower myelin volume in key brain regions, which correlated with decreased cognitive function and increased depression.
  • * The findings suggest that circadian clock gene expression plays a role in these differences, with certain genes linked to regional variations in myelin content and overall brain health in relation to sleep quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Spinal cord (SC) reconstruction (process to reestablish the severed neural continuity at the injury site) may provide better recovery from blunt SC injury (SCI). A miniature swine model of blunt SC compression was used to test the hypothesis that reconstruction of the SC with sural nerve in combination with surgical decompression and stabilization improves functional, macro- and microstructural recovery compared to decompression and stabilization alone. Following blunt T9-T11 SC compression injury, five adult Yucatan gilts randomly received laminectomy and polyethylene glycol (as fusogen) with (n = 3) or without (n = 2) sural nerve graft SC reconstruction.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Brain vascular pathology is an important comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with white matter damage independently predicting cognitive impairment. However, it is still unknown how vascular pathology differentially impacts primary age-related tauopathy (PART) compared to AD. Therefore, our objectives were to compare the brain microangiopathic burden in patients with PART and AD, evaluated by MRI, while assessing its relation with neuropathological findings, patterns of brain atrophy and degree of clinical impairment.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

[Forensic imaging of sharp force injuries].

Radiologie (Heidelb)

November 2024

Institut für Rechtsmedizin und Verkehrsmedizin Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Article Synopsis
  • Forensic medicine often faces challenges in reconstructing violent crimes, especially those involving sharp instruments, making traditional methods like autopsies inadequate.
  • Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has emerged as a valuable imaging technique for assessing sharp force injuries, as it outperforms classic X-rays and is more accessible than MRI.
  • The collaboration between radiology and forensic medicine enhances the effectiveness of forensic imaging, particularly after stab wounds, improving injury assessment and event reconstruction for victims of violence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Chondrodysplasia punctata 1 (CDPX1) is an X-linked recessive disorder of cartilage and bone development characterized by stippling on the cartilage and bone, flattened nasal bridge, and brachydactyly, or short fingers. CDPX1 has been associated with variants in the ARSL gene and is known to manifest prenatally, however, there has been no systematic literature review on this evidence.

Aims: Here, we reviewed the current literature on prenatal manifestations of CDPX1, and additionally introduce previously unpublished cases.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF