Findings on serial thigh MRI can identify individuals with inflammatory myositis who recover sub-optimally: A 6-month follow-up study.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thigh is used in diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) diagnosis due to its high sensitivity in detecting muscle oedema and to localize the site for muscle biopsy. At the same time, dual energy absorptiometry (DXA) is an accepted method in clinical practice to measure muscle mass and change in body composition. In this longitudinal study of patients with active IIM we sought to correlate muscle findings on serial thigh MRI and body composition assessed using DXA with six-month clinical outcomes, we also studied correlation of thigh MRI scores with body composition parameters.

Effectiveness and safety outcomes after long-term (54 weeks) vedolizumab therapy for Crohn's disease: a prospective, real-world observational study including patient-reported outcomes (POLONEZ II).

Background: The Crohn's Disease (CD) Activity Index (CDAI), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Questionnaire (IBDQ), and IBD-Fatigue (IBD-F) scale are useful patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools for assessing the treatment benefits of vedolizumab (VDZ) beyond clinical trial endpoints in patients with CD.

Objectives: To assess clinical response, clinical remission, steroid-free remission, changes from baseline for PROs, and safety in a real-world cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe active CD treated with VDZ.

Design: POLONEZ II was a multicenter, observational, prospective study across 10 Polish centers from April 2020 to October 2023 for 54 weeks in patients with CD eligible for reimbursed VDZ.

Reversing Aging and Improving Health Span in Glaucoma Patients: The Next Frontier?

Dada T, Mahalingam K, Bhartiya S. Reversing Aging and Improving Health Span in Glaucoma Patients: The Next Frontier? J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2024;18(3):87-93.

n -butanol fraction of Terminalia catappa possesses anti-Candida albicans properties and in vivo action on Tenebrio molitor alternative infection model.

Current treatment of Candida infections is threatened by antifungal drug resistance. Thus, medicinal plants have been studied to identify new and highly effective antifungal substances with low toxicity. Here, we showed that the tannin-rich n-butanol fraction of Terminalia catappa (FBuOH) possesses antifungal and antibiofilm properties and protects Tenebrio molitor larvae against Candida albicans infection.

Understanding Radiology Discrepancies: A Case Cross-Sectional CT Study in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Introduction:  In modern healthcare, computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions, particularly in emergency settings where timely evaluation of critical areas such as the brain, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis is crucial. However, the increasing reliance on provisional reports generated by postgraduates during on-call hours introduces challenges, as discrepancies often arise between these initial reports and final assessments by senior radiologists. These discrepancies can affect patient outcomes, particularly in complex cases, underscoring the need for studies that evaluate the patterns and clinical relevance of discrepancies across multiple CT modalities.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relationship With Disease Activity: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study From Pakistan.

Objective This study aims to determine whether disease activity was associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the Pakistani population with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Rheumatology Department of the National Hospital & Medical Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2021 to June 2022. A sample of 60 patients, both male and female, diagnosed with a case of SLE was collected through the purposive sampling technique.

Treatment-Free Remissions in Children With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A Prospective Study From the Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) Pediatric CML (pCML) Cohort.

Pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia (pCML) is a rare childhood malignancy, representing 2%-3% of all childhood leukemia. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have greatly improved survival but pose challenges due to their long-term effects on growth and bone health in children. We prospectively studied treatment-free remission (TFR) in 45 children with pCML in chronic phase on imatinib.

Spatially resolved single-cell atlas unveils a distinct cellular signature of fatal lung COVID-19 in a Malawian population.

Postmortem single-cell studies have transformed understanding of lower respiratory tract diseases (LRTDs), including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there are minimal data from African settings where HIV, malaria and other environmental exposures may affect disease pathobiology and treatment targets. In this study, we used histology and high-dimensional imaging to characterize fatal lung disease in Malawian adults with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) COVID-19, and we generated single-cell transcriptomics data from lung, blood and nasal cells. Data integration with other cohorts showed a conserved COVID-19 histopathological signature, driven by contrasting immune and inflammatory mechanisms: in US, European and Asian cohorts, by type I/III interferon (IFN) responses, particularly in blood-derived monocytes, and in the Malawian cohort, by response to IFN-γ in lung-resident macrophages.

CD71 erythroid cells promote multiple myeloma progression and impair anti-bacterial immune response.

Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the most frequent haematological malignancies, significantly increases the risk of bacterial infections due to treatment-related side effects, comorbidities and cancer-induced immune deficiencies. Recently, CD71 erythroid cells (CECs) have been identified as key immunomodulators in neonates and cancer patients, but their role in MM progression remains unclear. Using a murine MM model, closely resembling human disease, we observed that MM progression is associated with anaemia and an increase in immature CECs, which are characterized by elevated arginase 2 (ARG2) expression.

Cytotoxic properties of hydroalcoholic extract on androgen unresponsive prostate cancer cells.

Androgen independent phase in prostate cancer (PCa) commonly limits the therapeutic efficacy. through its main active compound, α-thujone, appears to be an option, considering its anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. However, studies on PCa are limited.

Gray zone Bethesda category III - Atypia of undetermined significance lesions of the thyroid: Potential diagnostic issues and image morphometry as a useful adjunct to cytomorphology.

Objective: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is an indeterminate category which presents a significant challenge for pathologists and clinicians. The management options are dependent on the rate of malignancy for a given populace.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 61 cases of the AUS Bethesda category III with grouping into neoplastic and non-neoplastic according to the histopathology data and clinical follow-up.

Selective regulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 co-producing unconventional T cells by purinergic signaling.

Unconventional T cells, including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), natural killer T (NKT), and gamma-delta T (γδT) cells, comprise distinct T-bet+, IFN-γ+ and RORγt+, IL-17+ subsets which play differential roles in health and disease. NKT1 cells are susceptible to ARTC2-mediated P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) activation, but the effects on other unconventional T-cell types are unknown. Here, we show that MAIT, γδT, and NKT cells express P2RX7 and are sensitive to P2RX7-mediated cell death.

Trachemys dorbigni as a metal(loid) bioindicator: a study in rural and urban areas.

Metals and metalloids are persistent environmental pollutants with the potential for bioaccumulation, posing significant health risks, including genotoxicity. These contaminants are prevalent in industrial and agricultural runoff. This study utilizes Trachemys dorbigni, an aquatic reptile, as a bioindicator to assess environmental contamination by metals and metalloids in both rural and urban settings in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

A systematic review on the epidemiology and treatment options of multiple Myeloma in Asia.

Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for almost 15 % of all neoplastic malignancies around the globe. This systematic review intends to analyse data on the treatment and management of MM in selected regions in Asia to identify and prioritize areas that need attention. A comprehensive review of original articles, published in English from 2005 to 2022, derived from the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Can ChatGPT Fool the Match? Artificial Intelligence Personal Statements for Plastic Surgery Residency Applications: A Comparative Study.

Personal statements can be decisive in Canadian residency applications. With the rise in AI technology, ethical concerns regarding authenticity and originality become more pressing. This study explores the capability of ChatGPT in producing personal statements for plastic surgery residency that match the quality of statements written by successful applicants.

Associations between the Volume of Bilateral Inferior Turbinates with Ipsilateral and Contralateral Sinus Mucosal Lining Thicknesses in Various Ages and Sexes: a CBCT Study of 302 Individuals.

Introduction: Rhinosinusitis is an important prevalent and bothersome problem relevant to dental specialties like maxillofacial surgery, pathology and radiology. Two main contributing factors to this problem are the inferior turbinate and sinus membrane. Except one flawed and incomplete preliminary study, no study has examined the potential link between the thickness of sinus mucosal lining and the volume of the inferior turbinate.

Serum p-Glycoprotein and Monomeric C-Reactive Protein are Elevated in Takayasu Arteritis.

Purpose: Existing biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) do not adequately distinguish active and inactive TAK. We compared serum p-glycoprotein (p-gp)/Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MDR1), monomeric CRP (mCRP), CRP, and mCRP:CRP ratio in Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and healthy controls and their relationship with disease activity.

Patients And Methods: Serum p-gp mCRP (ELISA) and CRP (nephelometry) were compared between consecutive adults with TAK (>18 years) enrolled from a prospective cohort (n = 92) and healthy controls (n = 29), and between active vs inactive TAK (n = 46 each).

Safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective single-group phase II clinical study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with surgery is still the standard treatment mode for esophageal cancer (EC), but the rate of distant metastasis and local recurrence of this triple mode is still high. Distant metastasis is the main recurrence pattern. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore a new treatment model to improve pathologic complete response (pCR) and patient survival.

Non-attendance in randomized remote mental health clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in psychiatric symptoms was found among essential service professionals (professionals or interns from the health and educational sector) who were exposed to high-risk contamination areas. These symptoms impair functionality, impacting quality of life, work, autonomy, and relationships. Recent data show that brief interventions are effective; however, between 20 and 30% of those individuals often do not attend their scheduled appointments.

Rapidly enlarging primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma of the eyelid: A case report.

Non-Hodgkin CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disease encompasses three subgroups, one of which is primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL). It is distinguished by the presence of giant anaplastic cells with pleomorphism and widespread CD30 positivity. The case of a 58-year-old female is presented who reported to the Eye Department of Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC) on 18th January, 2023 with a three-month history of rapidly enlarging, non-tender, ulcerated lesion on the lower eyelid of the right eye.

Medical education in Japan.

Currently, there are 82 medical schools in Japan. The combined enrollment capacity of medical schools nationwide stands at 9,217. Students are eligible to enter medical school upon graduation from senior high school.

Implementing digital transformation in the revision process for Japan's Model Core Curriculum: A qualitative document analysis.

Purpose: Digital transformation (DT) is significantly impacting medical education. Despite advancements such as virtual reality and remote education, the influence of DT on the development of curricula and guidelines has not been thoroughly explored. This study aims to explore the enabling factors and impacts of DT on the revision process for Japan's Model Core Curriculum (MCC) in 2022.

Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in the Ernakulam District, South India: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction India is currently experiencing a significant burden of diabetes mellitus, characterized by its high prevalence and associated complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, leading to blindness. Awareness regarding this ocular complication of diabetes can help prevent vision loss due to early screening and diagnosis.