Benign uptake of F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the gallbladder on positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has been established as the indisputable tool in the oncological arena to diagnose, stage/restage, and report treatment response for various tumor malignancies. FDG uptake mostly identifies pathological uptake in oncological scans with the tracer on PET studies; however, benign uptakes are also commonly seen. Reported here is a benign case of increased uptake of the FDG on a PET with computed tomography scan in the gallbladder (GB) of a patient being screened for a known carcinoma breast.

Ethnic differences in the receptors status of estrogen, progesterone and Her2/Neu among breast cancer women: A single institution experience.

Objective: To evaluate the Ethnic Differences in Estrogen (ER), Progesterone (PR) and Her 2/neu receptors among Women with Breast Cancer at JPMC, the largest public sector tertiary care hospital in Karachi.

Methods: The study was conducted at the oncology ward, JPMC Karachi from 1st July 2017 to 31st December 2018. During this period, more than 500 women with breast cancer of different ethnicities visited the oncology ward, however 450 patients were included in the study, as only they had the complete reports on the receptors status and tumour histology.

Diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in detection of necrosis in acute pancreatitis by taking surgical findings as gold standard.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the detection of necrosis in acute pancreatitis by taking surgical findings as the gold standard.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Radiology and Surgery departments of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 1 to June 30, 2016, and comprised patients of either gender having severe clinical pancreatitis with symptoms lasting >72 hours without showing improvement. Computed tomography scan was performed with slice thickness of 3mm.

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Approach to Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy - A Case Report and Literature Review.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a rare inherited disorder, which is characterized by fibrofatty degeneration of cardiac muscles mainly in the right ventricular myocardium. It may cause tachyarrhythmias or right-heart failure or may cause sudden death, especially in young athletes. In our case report, we present a case of young age male patient who presented at a local community hospital with the complaint of atypical chest pain, palpitations, and vomiting and sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) on electrocardiograph (ECG) showing sustained VT, left bundle branch morphology with the superior axis.

Relationship Between Foot Length and Gestational Age in Pakistan.

Preterm births have a high risk of mortality. Therefore, knowledge of the gestational age (GA) at birth is crucial to guide the appropriate management of a newborn. Common methods for estimating GA such as the last menstrual period, ultrasonography, and post-natal Ballard scoring have some limitations.

Diagnostic implications of bronchial lavage in patients with pleural tuberculosis.

Introduction: The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a respiratory specimen is diagnostic in patients with pleural effusion. It is difficult to obtain sputum even after induction in these patients. An alternative method of acquiring respiratory specimens is via bronchial lavage.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Clinical Characteristics and Precipitating Factors.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of hyperglycemia. Through this study we plan to study the clinical features of DKA and precipitating factors responsible for DKA in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Sukkur, Pakistan from August 2019 to February 2020.

Frequency of Normal Birth Length and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study in Newborns.

Objectives There are several factors that may affect the length and height of the infant. Maternal factors include a wide array of factors (anthropometric, hematological, or genetic), which can affect newborn health determinants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of normal birth length and its determinants in newborns.

Periodontal Conditions and Whole Salivary IL-17A and -23 Levels among Young Adult (Marijuana)-Smokers, Heavy Cigarette-Smokers and Non-Smokers.

In the United States, prevalence of marijuana-use has doubled in the past 2 decades. The aim was to compare the periodontal conditions and whole-salivary IL-17A and IL-23 levels among young adult marijuana-smokers, heavy cigarette-smokers and non-smokers. Self-reported marijuana-smokers, heavy-cigarette-smokers, non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally-healthy non-smokers were included.

Functional Outcomes of Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Avascular Necrosis of the Hip: A Prospective Study.

Introduction Avascular necrosis occurs due to impaired blood supply to the bone. It can be caused by fractures, dislocations, chronic steroid use, chronic alcohol use, coagulopathy, congenital source, and many other factors. It mostly affects the femoral head (hip joint).

A web-based health education module and its impact on the preventive practices of health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Proper training on the preventive measures against COVID-19 among health-care workers is crucial for mitigating the spread of viral infection. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a brief web-based module on the practice of hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette among respective health-care workers. A comparative study was conducted with a total of 500 participants.

Association of Pulmonary Hypertension With End-Stage Renal Disease Among the Obese Population.

Introduction Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known complication that occurs in patients of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that have an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis (HD). It is defined as pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) of greater than 30 mmHg on echocardiography. The presence of PH in ESRD is an independent risk factor and decreases the survival likelihood among HD patients.

Frequency of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Introduction The major hemostatic problem in cirrhotic patients is the increased risk of bleeding, but venous thromboembolism is also being reported as a noticeable feature of cirrhosis. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with liver cirrhosis. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study took place at a major metropolitan hospital in Karachi for a period of six months.

Comparison of dried blood spots with conventional blood sampling for diagnosis of hepatitis b & c through serological and molecular technique; a pilot study.

Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of dried blood spot with conventional blood sampling for serological and molecular testing of hepatitis B and C viruses.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Pakistan Health Research Council Specialised Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karachi, from May,2015 to April,2016 and comprised patients who were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (group 1), anti-hepatitis C virus positive (group 2), hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid-positive (group 3), and hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid-positive (group 4). A group of controls had healthy subjects negative for both hepatitis B and C viruses.

Echocardiographic Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) carries a significant association with cardiac diseases, which suggests a minor reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can act as an independent risk factor for causing cardiovascular abnormalities. Patients of CKD having cardiovascular disease (CVD) had three to thirty times higher risk of mortality as compared to the general population. In addition, mortality among cardiovascular patients has been found to be twofold higher in CKD stage 2 patients and three-fold higher in patients with stage 3 CKD, when collated to patients with normal renal function.

A Rare Case of Hyperglycemic-Hemichorea in a Young Patient.

Chorea is an abnormal, nonrhythmic, and purposeless movement of limbs. There is a long list of diseases responsible for chorea; long-standing hyperglycemia can sometimes result in it, which typically manifests on one side of the body. MRI brain is an added diagnostic tool, which commonly shows hyperintense basal ganglia lesion on T1-weighted images.

Frequency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Patients Admitted with Acute Stroke.

Introduction Stroke is a leading cause of chronic disability and death in both developing and developed countries. A significant proportion of stroke patients are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. About half of the HIV patients experience some sort of neurological deficit in their lifetimes.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Bedside Qualitative Troponin I Test Kit as Compared with the Standardized Quantitative Lab Test for Troponin I.

Background and objective Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early diagnosis of MI remains the mainstay of prompt treatment. Thus, the shorter the door-to-needle time, the more efficient is the emergency department (ED) to cope with a heart attack emergency.

Endoscopic thyroid lobectomy vs Conventional open thyroid lobectomy.

Background And Objective: Surgical managements for these suspicious nontoxic swellings requires open conventional method of thyroidectomy by neck incisions that can result in prominent scars and immediate risk usually hemorrhage. However new technological innovations came into practiced that include video assisted minimal invasive endoscopy by axillo-breast approach that gives very promising results with excellent cosmesis. In this study, we compared conventional open surgery with minimal invasive endoscopic techniques and associate various complaints and complications that were encountered in surgery.

Cytogenetic Abnormalities In Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Patients.

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is malignant neoplasms of myeloid cells categorized by clonal expansion of hematopoietic blasts of myeloid lineage in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The aim of current study is to identify the common cytogenetic abnormalities in AML patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the department of Medical oncology of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from Jun 2017- Jan 2019.

Correlation of Homocysteine Level and Age in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.

Introduction Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with atherosclerosis, as it can be seen in inborn errors of methionine metabolism. Likewise, many studies have also reported more modest increases in serum homocysteine levels in other atherosclerotic disorders like cardiovascular disease and all types of stroke with a positive correlation with age. But overall literature is controversial.

Risk factors, presentation and outcome of meningomyelocele repair.

Objective: To determine the risk factors, presentation and outcome of meningomyelocele repair.

Methods: We reviewed 150 cases operated for meningomyelocele (MMC) at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi between May 2015 and May 2018. Data of infants operated for MMC repair was extracted including socioeconomic status, maternal folate intake during pregnancy, head circumference, location and width of the defect, accompanying bladder and limb anomalies and treatments administered.

Response Rate of Cisplatin Plus Docetaxel as Primary Treatment in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Carcinoma (Squamous Cell Types).

Objective: To evaluate the response rate of Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials And Methods: It was a longitudinal study, conducted at the Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from December 2018 to June 2019. One hundred patients of age 14-66 years of age of either gender with histologically proven Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Stage III and IV (locally advanced) with no distant metastases were included in the study.