Effect of knee strengthening exercises and lifestyle modifications through mobile phone support in people suffering from knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile phone-based support in improving exercise adherence and outcomes in knee OA.

Designs: A prospective comparative cohort study was conducted with a follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, involving 210 participants allocated into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received knee exercise flyers and mobile phone-based adherence support, while the control group received only standard instructions after physiotherapy.

Common single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review.

Background: Several genetic variants are associated with the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These have not been systematically reviewed.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase and GWAS Catalog databases for studies indexed between inception and 15 January 2024 describing genetic variants associated with IPF susceptibility.

Profile of patients with Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Anti-MDA5 autoantibodies.

Background: Anti-MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5-DM) is associated with clinically amyopathic forms and rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, data in children are limited. In this study, we described our cohort of anti-MDA5-positive juvenile DM (MDA5-JDM) from a tertiary care center in North India.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of children with MDA5-JDM who were diagnosed and followed up at our center and compared them with our anti-MDA5-negative cohort.

Dual Toxidrome of Anti-cholinergic Storm and Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Therapeutic Challenge Overcome by Intrathecal Neostigmine.

Anticholinergic toxicity and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are common toxidromes in medical emergencies. However, their co-occurrence, resulting in a dual toxidrome, is rare and presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present the case of a 23-year-old young male with polysubstance dependence, admitted following combined trihexyphenidyl and risperidone toxicity.

Evaluation of burden of SCN1A pathogenicity in North Indian children with Dravet syndrome.

Background: Dravet syndrome is an infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with limited data on the frequency of SCN1A in Indian children. The study aimed to identify and characterize the burden of SCN1A pathogenic variants associated with the Dravet syndrome phenotype through genetic testing in the North Indian population.

Method: In this prospective, cross-sectional study from March 2015 to February 2019, we enrolled 52 children with Dravet syndrome phenotype who underwent genetic testing for SCN1A gene pathogenicity.

Paradoxical Reaction to Tuberculosis Therapy among HIV-Negative Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tuberculosis treatment is sometimes associated with clinical deterioration, referred to as paradoxical reaction (PR), especially in those with HIV coinfection. However, the burden and characteristics of PR in children without HIV coinfection are unclear. We undertook a systematic review to estimate the burden and clinical characteristics of PR in HIV-negative children.

Hindi translation and validation of the English version of the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale questionnaire: An observational study.

Background: The gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) is a questionnaire in English language which is designed to assess the clinical symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and peptic ulcer disease. This validated scale has questions on around 15 items and has been validated in patients with dyspepsia and IBS.

Aim: To translate and validate the English version of the GSRS questionnaire to the Hindi version.

Surgical Management of Juxtaductal Coarctation of the Aorta in Adults: A Novel Technique.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a rare congenital malformation, the symptoms of which may remain subtle in childhood and appear at a later age. It can manifest only with symptoms of upper body hypertension. Various methods have been described for managing coarctation of the aorta in adults, including surgical or percutaneous balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement and medical therapy.

Auxological Dynamics of Cephalic Index in Indian Children with Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study.

A hospital-based longitudinal observation study was conducted to determine the auxological dynamics of Cephalic Index (CI) and corresponding head shape among 1125 children with Down syndrome. Majority (88% males, 82% females) displayed brachycephaly.

Neonatal CSF glucose measured by blood gas analyzer, glucometer, and standard laboratory methods.

Objective: To determine agreement between neonatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose measured by standard laboratory method versus blood gas analyzers (BGA) and glucometers.

Study Design: This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a level III neonatal unit on 97 neonates undergoing lumbar puncture. Agreement was estimated by Lin's coefficient of concordance and Bland-Altman plot.

Dietary patterns and risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systematic evaluation of evidence assessing the role of dietary patterns on oral and oropharyngeal (OOP) cancer risk can provide a better understanding of their relationship. This systematic review of observational studies aimed to integrate the most recent evidence on the relationship between posteriori and priori dietary patterns and risk of development of OOP cancers. Studies were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, and a total of 22 publications were included in the systematic review, of which 17 were included in the meta-analysis.

The minimal important difference of one-minute-sit-to-stand test in subjects with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background And Objective: There is a need for simple functional test to assess treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) in resource-constrained settings. The one-minute-sit-to-stand test (1-min-STS) is one such test. However, the minimal important difference (MID) for 1-min-STS in subjects with CPA remains unknown.

Diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ISPGHAN).

Timely diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is of paramount importance to improve survival. The Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition invited national and international experts to identify and review important management and research questions. These covered the definition, age appropriate stepwise workup for the etiology, non-invasive diagnosis and management of cerebral edema, prognostic scores, criteria for listing for liver transplantation (LT) and bridging therapies in PALF.

Evaluation of the Plasma Expression Levels of miR-21 and miR-145 as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Early detection would be greatly enhanced if accurate and cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers for CRC were accessible. The development of blood tests would evidently lower the screening cost of CRC detection.

The diagnostic conundrum of hyper eosinophilia-Sheer tenacity of a parasite.

We present an interesting and rare case of Capillaria hepatica infection in a 2-year-old boy, who presented with fever, rash, hepatomegaly and peripheral eosinophilia. FNAC of hepatic lesion showed parasitic eggs and PCR from the aspirate confirmed the diagnosis. We describe the cytomorphological features and provide educational multiple-choice questions related to the topic.

Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sub-Himalayan India (1967-2023): A Systematic Review.

Substantial gains have been achieved in the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the four endemic states of India; however, cases are sporadically reported from other nonendemic regions of India such as the sub-Himalayan region, which can be a hurdle to VL elimination. We analyzed VL reports published from the sub-Himalayan regions of India over seven decades (1967-2023) in this systematic review. Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for VL cases from sub-Himalayan regions of India.

Role of serial fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18FDG-PET-CT) in assessing treatment response in treatment naïve chronic pulmonary aspergillosis subjects.

Background: The role of 2-deoxy-2-18(F) fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) in assessing treatment response in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains to be determined.

Objective: To compare changes in FDG-PET/CT parameters in CPA subjects with treatment success or failure.

Methods: We treated consecutive treatment-naïve CPA subjects with six months of oral itraconazole.

High Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Conventional Oxygen Therapy and Incidence of Post-Extubation Airway Obstruction in PICU: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial (HiFloCOT-PICU Trial).

Objectives: To study the impact of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) vs. conventional oxygen therapy (COT) (by simple nasal cannula) as respiratory support after extubation on the rates of post-extubation airway obstruction (PEAO) among mechanically ventilated critically ill children.

Methods: This open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India over a period of 7 mo (11 August 2021 to 10 March 2022).

A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Using Three Different Techniques in Patients Undergoing Flexible Bronchoscopy (BAL-3T).

Background: Three techniques have been described for aspirating the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, namely the wall mount suction (WMS), manual suction (MS), and manual suction with tubing (MST). However, there is no direct comparison among the 3 methods.

Methods: We randomized patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy and BAL in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of the 3 arms.