Transfusion efficacy of leucoreduced packed red blood cells prepared by two different methods: A randomized controlled trial in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients (FUEL trial).

Background And Objectives: Great variations may be observed in the haemoglobin (Hb) content of packed red blood cell (PRBC) units prepared by different methods. This study aimed to assess the Hb increment in thalassaemia major patients transfused with leucoreduced PRBCs (LPRBCs) prepared by two different methods: (i) standard leucoreduced PRBCs (SLPRBCs) and (ii) leucoreduced PRBCs prepared by a new method where leucoreduction of whole blood is done first (NLPRBCs).

Materials And Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 80 adult thalassaemia major patients who were randomized into two groups of 40 each.

Predictors and Outcomes of Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review.

Context: Extubation failure (EF) is common in preterm neonates and may be associated with adverse outcomes.

Objective: To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing literature on predictors and outcomes of EF in preterm neonates.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) from 1995 onward.

Clinical features and outcomes of total pancreatic lipomatosis with chronic pancreatitis: a case series.

Background: Fatty changes in the pancreas are common, whereas total pancreatic lipomatosis (PL) is rare. Commonly associated with various components of metabolic syndrome and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, total PL can have various etiologies and can manifest with severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Method: We retrospectively analysed the clinical profile and management outcomes of 8 patients (mean age: 37.

Effect of isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion on perioperative acid-base status among patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis (ISABEL trial): a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Perioperative metabolic acidosis negatively affects patient outcomes. Perioperative fluid therapy has a clinically significant effect on acid-base balance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of isotonic sodium bicarbonate infusion (ISB) versus balanced crystalloid solution (BCS) on perioperative acid-base balance, in terms of postoperative base excess, among patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for perforation peritonitis.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Short-Term Effectiveness and Tolerability of Vigabatrin Therapy in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome.

The study evaluated the short-term effectiveness and tolerability of vigabatrin therapy in children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS). Children with IESS were enrolled within two weeks of initiation of vigabatrin and prospectively followed up to 12 wk for complete cessation of epileptic spasms (ES) and occurrence of adverse events. Of 107 children studied, there was a preponderance of structural etiology (82.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) in Acute Viral Myocarditis in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Acute myocarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in infants and children. While immunosuppressive agents have shown limited effectiveness, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) holds promise as a treatment option.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating acute viral myocarditis in children.

One-year mortality and re-admission rate by disease etiology in National Heart Failure Registry of India.

Survival outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF) based on their disease etiology are not well described. Here, we provide one-year mortality outcomes of 10850 patients with HF (mean age = 59.9 years, 31% women) in India.

Triple soil transmitted helminths in a case of aluminium phosphide poisoning.

Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain prevalent in India despite the ongoing deworming program. Here, we report a case of triple infection of Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Strongyloides stercoralis, in a young asymptomatic and apparently immunocompetent female presenting with aluminium phosphide poisoning. Except for severe anaemia, the only other indicators of chronic infection were occasional abdominal pain and self-limiting loose stools.

Six Versus Three Doses of Intrapleural Streptokinase in Childhood Empyema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of administering six doses of intrapleural streptokinase (SK) versus the conventional three doses, in children with empyema.

Study Design: In this open label, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, we enrolled 53 children with empyema, who received three doses of intrapleural SK. Thereafter, those without clinical improvement (n = 34) and those showing clinical improvement but having persistent pleural fluid width > 10 mm on chest ultrasonography (n = 13), were randomized to receive three additional doses of SK, or three doses of placebo (normal saline).

Exploring prospects, hurdles, and road ahead for generative artificial intelligence in orthopedic education and training.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), characterized by its ability to generate diverse forms of content including text, images, video and audio, has revolutionized many fields, including medical education. Generative AI leverages machine learning to create diverse content, enabling personalized learning, enhancing resource accessibility, and facilitating interactive case studies. This narrative review explores the integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) into orthopedic education and training, highlighting its potential, current challenges, and future trajectory.

Synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters: a new insight into characterization of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Background And Purpose: Synthetic MRI utilizes the quantitative relaxometry parameters to generate multiple contrast images through a single acquisition. We tried to explore the utility of synthetic MRI derived relaxometry parameters in evaluation of ring enhancing lesions of brain.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study.

Insights into the systemic risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Indian population: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a predominant cause of vision impairment globally. Understanding risk factors is crucial for effective planning. The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the risk factors in the Indian population contributing to the increased incidence of DR, which is a potentially sight-threatening complication among diabetic individuals.

Efficacy of two novel antifungal lipopeptides, AF and AF of bacillomycin D family in murine models of invasive candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis.

Invasive fungal diseases are an important public health concern due to an increase in the at-risk population and high mortality associated with these infections. Managing invasive fungal infections poses a significant challenge given the limited antifungal options and the emergence of resistance in key fungal pathogens. Through a comprehensive approach, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity and the in vivo efficacy of two novel lipopeptides, AF and AF in murine models of disseminated candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis.

Molecular Characteristics of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant , Hospital-Acquired MRSA Isolates, and PVL in one of the Indian hospitals.

Unlabelled: Community-acquired methicillin resistant (CA-MRSA) strains are increasingly replacing hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains in hospitalized patients leading to poor clinical outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of MRSA (HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA) and to understand their clonal origin. A total of 400 consecutive clinical isolates were collected from the clinical bacteriology lab of a tertiary care hospital.

Albumin orchestrates a natural host defense mechanism against mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is an emerging, life-threatening human infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Metabolic disorders uniquely predispose an ever-expanding group of patients to mucormycosis via poorly understood mechanisms. Therefore, it is highly likely that uncharacterized host metabolic effectors confer protective immunity against mucormycosis.

Pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Aims: To study the pattern of physical growth and pubertal changes in adolescent girls with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Methods And Material: Weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference among 50 adolescent SLE girls (aged 8-17 years) were cross-sectionally studied using standardized techniques and instruments. Breast development stage, presence or absence of pubic and axillary hair and age of attainment of menarche were also noted.