33,014 results match your criteria: "Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research[Affiliation]"

Coagulopathy in acute liver failure.

Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol

December 2024

Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address:

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but rapidly progressing syndrome, marked by severe liver dysfunction and altered mental status. While definitions of ALF vary across different guidelines, with timelines ranging from 4 to 26 weeks between jaundice onset and encephalopathy, the key defining features remain encephalopathy and coagulopathy. Elevated coagulation markers, particularly prothrombin time and international normalized ratio, have traditionally been associated with bleeding risks.

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Background: Adhesive capsulitis is a distressing ailment that progressively limits the active and passive mobility of the shoulder joint. Physical therapy (PT) combined with intra-articular steroid (IAS) injection and suprascapular nerve block (SSNB) has shown improved functional outcomes. We aimed to assess whether providing both IAS injection and SSNB improved outcomes compared with IAS injection alone.

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Simulation-based training in ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia for emergency physicians: insights from an Italian pre/post intervention study.

BMC Med Educ

December 2024

Emergency Medicine Unit and Emergency Medicine Postgraduate Training Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Background: Despite the importance of Ultrasound-guided Regional Anaesthesia (UGRA) in Emergency Medicine (EM), there is significant variability in UGRA training among emergency physicians. We recently developed a one-day (8 h), simulation-based UGRA course, specifically tailored to help emergency physicians to integrate these skills into their clinical practice.

Methods: In this pre/post intervention study, emergency physicians attended a course consisting of a 4-hour teaching on background knowledge and a practical part structured as follows: a scanning session on a healthy individual; a needling station with an ex-vivo model (turkey thighs); a simulation-based learning experience on local anaesthetic toxicity (LAST); a session on the UGRA simulator BlockSim™.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate which basic psychological needs profile, based on different levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, could exhibit higher student engagement and favorable attitudes toward interprofessional education (IPE).

Methods: A total of 341 undergraduate and postgraduate health and social care students enrolled in an IPE simulation participated in this study. Data were analyzed using a person-centered approach using a two-step cluster analysis, multiple analysis of variance, and bootstrapped independent t-tests.

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Background: Post-graduate resident turnover in public and teaching hospital orthodontic clinics often leads to challenges in maintaining the same level of efficacy when a care provider changes during orthodontic treatment. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the duration and quality of treatment outcomes between two patient groups: the transfer group, who underwent orthodontic care from multiple residents, and the non-transfer group, whose entire treatment was overseen by a single resident.

Methods: Sixty-six patients were enrolled and equally divided into transfer and non-transfer groups.

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Genetic and allelic heterogeneity in 248 Indians with skeletal dysplasia.

Eur J Hum Genet

December 2024

Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Skeletal dysplasias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare disorders. Studies from large cohorts are essential to provide insights into the disease epidemiology, phenotypic spectrum, and mutational profiles. Here we enumerate additional 248 Indians from 197 families with a skeletal dysplasia, following a similar study earlier.

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Risks of grade reclassification among patients with Gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer and PI-RADS 5 findings on prostate MRI.

Urol Oncol

December 2024

Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT; Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center, New Haven, CT. Electronic address:

Background And Objective: As most Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 5 lesions on MRI harbor Gleason grade (GG) group ≥2 disease on biopsy, optimal management of patients with imaging-biopsy discordance remains unclear. To estimate grade misclassification, we evaluated the incidence of Gleason upgrading among patients with GG1 disease in the setting of a PI-RADS 5 lesion.

Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective analysis to identify patients with GG1 prostate cancer on fusion biopsy with MRI demonstrating ≥1 PI-RADS 5 lesion.

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Big datasets and data analytics enable granular analyses examining group differences in performance. Our focus is on differential attainment (DA) in postgraduate College (Board) examinations. We asked: Are candidates' sociodemographic characteristics associated with performance on the UK's Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) Part 1 after adjusting for medical school performance (MSP) and type of medical programme? This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 6040 medical graduates with linked sociodemographic data in the UK Medical Education Database qualifying from a UK medical school (2012-2014) and sitting MRCP Part 1 before October 2019.

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Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

December 2024

Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.

Background: Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a recommended treatment for female stress, urgency, and mixed urinary incontinence. Training varies in exercise type (pelvic floor muscles contracting with and without other muscles), dose, and delivery (e.g.

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Background: Effective, efficient, and enduring feedback on performance improves and accelerates learning in medical education. Basic teaching methods like providing constructive feedback would enhance educational quality. However, briefing and debriefing culture is almost absent in our operating room.

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Introduction: The performance of a high quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is dependent on the mucosal cleanliness. Recently, the Polprep: Effective Assessment of Cleanliness in EGD (PEACE) scale was created to assess the degree of mucosal cleanliness during EGD. The aim of this study was to validate this scoring system in a cohort of international endoscopists.

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Introduction: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation equations have not been extensively validated in the Indian population. Preliminary data showed that the widely used creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2009 significantly overestimated GFR in Indians. Newer estimated GFR (eGFR) equations based on creatinine and cystatin C, omitting the race, have been recently proposed.

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Esophageal cancer is one of the common cancers. Risk factors are well recognized and lead most commonly to two distinct histological subtypes (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma). The diagnosis is based on endoscopic evaluation.

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Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm typically seen in middle-aged women. The exact preoperative diagnosis is quite challenging considering its nonspecific clinical and radiologic features along with complex histology. Moreover, obtaining an exact histopathological diagnosis can be difficult especially with the small biopsy specimens.

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 The aims of this study are to compare the multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) characteristics of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with nodular HCC and to assess the conspicuity of infiltrative HCC on different phases of CECT.  This retrospective study comprised consecutive treatment-naive cirrhotic patients diagnosed with infiltrative and nodular HCC between January 2020 and December 2021 based on a multiphasic CECT (comprising arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases). The diagnosis of HCC was based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 criteria (LR-4 and LR-5 lesions).

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 The integration of large language models (LLMs) into medical education has received increasing attention as a potential tool to enhance learning experiences. However, there remains a need to explore radiology postgraduate students' engagement with LLMs and their perceptions of their utility in medical education. Hence, we conducted this study to investigate radiology postgraduate students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding LLMs in medical education.

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Aim Of The Study: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) lesions are usually solitary. The presence of multifocal disease can alter resectability and management. There are no systematic imaging-based studies evaluating multifocality in GBC.

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Background: Current guidelines discourage prophylactic plasma use in non-bleeding patients. This study assesses global plasma transfusion practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their alignment with current guidelines.

Study Design And Methods: This was a sub-study of an international, prospective, observational cohort.

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Introduction: This prospective study aims to evaluate the learning effect of US-guided thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis in novices through simulation training using handmade phantoms.

Methods: The novices included undergraduate-year (UGY) students and first postgraduate-year (PGY-1) residents. Handmade phantoms were utilized for training and immediate assessment.

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Rotational training structures and national employment in public health education: an organizational perspective.

BMC Med Educ

December 2024

Research Group 'Research & Innovation in Public Health Practice Based Learning' (RIPPLE), Netherlands School of Public and Occupational Health, 10th Floor, Churchilllaan 11, Utrecht, GV, 3527, The Netherlands.

Introduction: Postgraduate medical education (PGME) relies on structured training rotations and workplace-based learning (WBL) to provide comprehensive clinical training and professional development. Emphasizing WBL, PGME integrates theoretical knowledge with practical skills through direct patient care involvement, underscoring the pivotal role of training institutes in supporting these initiatives. While curricular changes in PGME have been extensively studied in clinical teaching hospitals, PGME programs in public health (PGME-PH) remain underexplored, yet their multidisciplinary nature post-COVID-19 underscores the urgency for effective curricular reforms.

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Introduction: Acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP) are inflammatory conditions of the pancreas that cause local and systemic complications. The epidemiology of these conditions are not well-known in India.

Methods And Analysis: We describe the protocol and procedures of a multicentre study for delineating the epidemiology of pancreatitis in India.

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Importance: Since work-hour restrictions were instituted in 2003, sustainably complying with duty-hour regulations remains a challenge for general surgery residency programs across the nation.

Objective: To determine whether industry-based process improvement techniques could be leveraged to increase compliance with work-hour restrictions within a general surgery residency.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This quality improvement project using Lean methodology was conducted from October to November of the 2021 to 2022 academic year.

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A number of randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted comparing the efficacy of piracetam with placebo and other medications in children with breath-holding spells (BHS). However, no systematic review has yet collated all this evidence. All RCTs comparing the efficacy and/or safety of piracetam with placebo or other medications in children with BHS were included.

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