Surgical Triage of Breast Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective.

Breast complaints are a very common cause of healthcare visits in the female population. They range in severity from benign to malignant, and treatment options vary from simple observation to mastectomy. As healthcare facilities are overburdened with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, properly triaging patients diagnosed with breast disorders is necessary for the optimal use of limited resources in developing countries.

Role of strain imaging for assessment of myocardial viability in symptomatic myocardial infarction with single vessel disease: An observational study.

Purpose: To study and evaluate the predictive value of strain imaging parameters in patients undergoing viability assessment postmyocardial infarction (MI) in comparison with Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) alone.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study (October, 2016-March, 2018), which recruited 100 symptomatic patients with MI, and angiographically proven single vessel disease, LV dysfunction with severe hypokinesia/akinesia on 2D echocardiography and viability proven by baseline DSE. Patients undergoing primary PCI were excluded.

Bilateral Spontaneous Urinoma in a Cyanotic Child.

Background: Urinoma is an encapsulated collection of extravasated urine, secondary to trauma or obstructive uropathy. Spontaneous bilateral urinoma is rare.

Case Characteristics: 7-year-old boy with cyanotic heart disease and fever of unknown origin.

A qualitative study of Institutional Ethics Committees: Members' understanding of research guidelines, privacy, and challenges to privacy protection.

Right to privacy of health-related information is a foundational bioethical principle. In India, the importance of protecting privacy is included in law and ethical guidelines. Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs) are entrusted with the responsibility of protecting fundamental ethical principles, including privacy and confidentiality.

Comparisons of metabolite profile from paired serum and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-plasma samples using dry chemistry technology: An emergency department perspective.

Background: No data is available evaluating the difference in serum versus plasma sample assay of commonly tested parameters in the emergency department, where the sample processing time can be significantly reduced if plasma is used for analysis instead of conventionally used serum. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the differences in serum versus plasma sample estimation of commonly evaluated biochemical parameters using dry chemistry technology.

Materials And Methods: Paired blood samples were collected from a single venipuncture of 405 patients admitted to the emergency department.

Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2-9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India.

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential at individual, family, community, and country levels. Paucity of data on NDDs slows down policy and programmatic action in most developing countries despite perceived high burden.

Methods And Findings: We assessed 3,964 children (with almost equal number of boys and girls distributed in 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories) identified from five geographically diverse populations in India using cluster sampling technique (probability proportionate to population size).

Thoracolumbar Vertebral Injuries with Neurological Deficit Treated with Posterior Decompression, Short Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation, and Interlaminar Fusion.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interlaminar fusion and short segment pedicle screw fixation on thoracolumbar vertebral injuries for preventing pain and post-traumatic kyphosis.

Overview Of Literature: The treatment of thoracolumbar injuries continues to be one of the most controversial areas in spine care.

Power Color Doppler and Spectral Doppler Ultrasonography to Evaluate Response to Intra-articular Steroid Injection in Knee Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective: To evaluate the role of ultrasonographic indices (Color Fraction and Resistive Index) in assessing the effect of intra-articular steroid (IAS) injection on synovial inflammation in knee joints of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients and to determine the correlation between these ultrasonographic indices and clinical and laboratory parameters in JIA patients after IAS.

Methods: Twenty seven patients of JIA and equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Thirty six knee joints were injected with IAS.

Recalcitrant hypertrophic herpes genitalis in HIV-infected patient successfully treated with topical imiquimod.

Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 is the primary cause of genital ulceration worldwide. The presence of atypical features like deep ulcerations, hypertrophic, or pseudotumoural lesions or unusual location can be a marker for co-infection with HIV. These immunocompromised patients are usually resistant to the conventional antiviral treatment.

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-based classification of diabetes pharmacotherapy.

The current classification of both diabetes and antidiabetes medication is complex, preventing a treating physician from choosing the most appropriate treatment for an individual patient, sometimes resulting in patient-drug mismatch. We propose a novel, simple systematic classification of drugs, based on their effect on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is the master regular of energy metabolism, an energy sensor, activated when cellular energy levels are low, resulting in activation of catabolic process, and inactivation of anabolic process, having a beneficial effect on glycemia in diabetes.

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of spleen masquerading as carcinoma breast metastasis: Importance of splenic biopsy in obviating splenectomy.

Metastasis to spleen is rare and usually occurs in the setting of extensive multivisceral metastatic disease. A 60-year-old lady with appropriately managed early breast cancer (breast conservative surgery for Grade-2 infiltrative ductal carcinoma [0.7 cm × 0.

The making of an endocrinologist in India: Life and times at Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Calcutta.

Endocrinology is relatively one of the newer super-specialties of internal medicine. Following higher secondary schooling, it takes anywhere between 13 and 18 years to become a super-specialist in India, which holds true for endocrinology also. This article intends to highlight the life and the journey of making an endocrinologist in India, through personal experiences, focusing on Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER) Calcutta, the largest super-specialty teaching hospital and research institute of Eastern India.

An epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury cases in a trauma centre of New Delhi (India).

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Indian population.

Aim: To correlate various variables like epidemiology, clinical status, severity of TBI & associated co-morbid conditions and its outcome.

Settings And Design: This study involved retrospective collection, prospective management and follow up of 796 cases of TBI admitted to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi during one year study duration.

Defining and Measuring Vulnerability in Young People.

Adolescents and youth, together addressed as "young people", form the future building blocks of any society. They being most energetic and dynamic, tend to get involved in high-risk behaviors making themselves susceptible to criminal offences, accidents, physical injuries, emotional trauma, and medical problems - some of them extremely serious like transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The concept of vulnerability is applicable to all the people who are more exposed to risks than their peers like the young people.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A complication of swine flu.

The occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in swine flu, or H1N1 influenza A infection, is a rare phenomenon and only few cases have been reported in children. We describe a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adult infected with swine flu.

Challenges and controversies in diagnosis and management of gonadotropin dependent precocious puberty: An Indian perspective.

Managing precocious puberty (PP) has been a challenge due to lack of standardized definition, gonadotrophins assay, gonadotrophin stimulation, timings for blood sampling, and parameters for assessing outcomes. This review evaluated available literature to simplify the algorithm for managing gonadotrophin dependent/central PP (CPP), with an Indian perspective. CPP is one of the commonest forms of PP and mimics the normal course of puberty, at an age <8 and 9 years for girls and boys respectively.

Neuropsychological deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy: A comprehensive review.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of complex partial seizures with temporal lobe origin of electrical abnormality. Studies have shown that recurrent seizures affect all aspects of cognitive functioning, including memory, language, praxis, executive functions, and social judgment, among several others. In this article, we will review these cognitive impairments along with their neuropathological correlates in a comprehensive manner.