Valproic Acid and Propionic Acid Modulated Mechanical Pathways Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder at Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a composite disorder of brain development with uncertain etiology and pathophysiology. Genetic factors are important in ASD causation, although environmental factors are also involved in ASD pathophysiology. Environmental factors might affect the genetic processes of brain development through the modulation of molecular pathways that might be involved with ASD.

Antenatally Detected Multiple Mediastinal Enterogenous Cysts in a Newborn Presenting with Severe Cardio-Respiratory Compromise and Early Life-Saving Management.

Posterior mediastinal enterogenous cyst is a rare entity in neonate. The neonate can present with severe cardio-respiratory compromise in the form of respiratory distress, shock, cardiac failure or arrhythmia soon after birth which may require immediate surgical intervention. Antenatal screening can demonstrate the cystic mass in fetus early and can help in quick postnatal management.

Characterization and in vitro activity of a lytic phage RDN37 isolated from community sewage water active against MDR Uropathogenic E. coli.

Purpose: Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic E. coli (MDR-UPEC) strains, alternatives to antibiotics like phage therapy have been sought. The present study was planned to characterize and test the activity of a phage (RDN37) which was isolated from community sewage water of Chandigarh and was found to be active against MDR-UPEC.

Spontaneous pulmonary artery thrombus in a neonate.

Background: Pulmonary artery thrombosis is rare in neonates and mimics as persistent pulmonary hypertension or congenital heart disease. Risk factors include septicemia, dehydration, polycythemia, maternal diabetes, asphyxia, and inherited thrombophilias. They present with cyanosis and respiratory distress.

Percutaneous closure of small subpulmonic ventricular septal defect with an ADO I PDA occluder in a child.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) comprise the most common congenital heart defect at birth. The chances of spontaneous closure of VSD depend on the size and location of the defect. Subpulmonic location is an unlikely site for the VSD to close spontaneously and known to have complications such as aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation.

BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

The impact of COVID-19 is changing with country wise and depend on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections.

Transcatheter closure of Patent ductus arteriosus in a child with IVC interruption through standard femoral access: a case report.

Background: Portsmann and co. performed the first PDA device closure in 1967. The technique and the devices used have evolved since then and are the first choice in managing anatomically feasible patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) for the last 20 years.

Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Erythropoietin in Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Paradigm.

Objective: Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to be beneficial in traumatic brain injury (TBI). We have attempted to quantitatively synthesize the findings of current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this meta-analysis and analyzed the need for further trials using trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, the Cochrane Library databases, and Google Scholar for RCTs until December 2019 evaluating the role of EPO in patients with TBI.

Ventricular Septal Defect Pulmonary Atresia: Provisional Bifurcation Strategy for Confluence Stenosis During Patent Ductus Arteriosis Stenting.

Neonates with pulmonary atresia survive only if duct patency is maintained before staged surgical repair. Ductal stenting is an effective alternative to conventional shunt surgery, as it avoids thoracotomy. With today's generation of coronary stents having better profile, flexibility, and trackability, it may be achieved safely, with less difficulty than previously described.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Infection: Associations with Inflammation and Cognitive Aging in Relation to Schizophrenia.

Most persons experience cognitive decline as they grow older. The term "cognitive aging," coined to describe milder varieties of cognitive decline, is likely to be due to multiple causes. Persistent or repeated infections of the central nervous system (whether subclinical or diagnosable) can cause damage to neurons directly or indirectly through inflammation resulting in incremental neuronal damage, thus eroding cognitive reserve.

Methodological challenges to collecting clinical and economic outcome data: Lessons from the pilot dialysis outcomes India study.

Aim: Contemporary data on clinical and economic outcomes and quality of care amongst dialysis patients in India are not available. This pilot prospective study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of data collection and follow up within routine dialysis practice to inform setting up a dialysis registry.

Methods: An electronic instrument was developed to collect information on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, outcome and out-of-pocket expenditure on incident patients commencing haemodialysis (HD) at two centres.

Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU).

Are people at high risk for diabetes visiting health facility for confirmation of diagnosis? A population-based study from rural India.

Background: India is witnessing a rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus. India's National Programme for Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke recommends population-based screening and referral to primary health centre for diagnosis confirmation and treatment initiation. However, little is known about uptake of confirmatory tests among screen positives.

Outcomes of 23- and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomies for dislocated intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To compare the outcome of 23-gauge as compared with 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) in the management of dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Design: Retrospective, non-consecutive, comparative, interventional case series.

Participants: Patients with dislocated intraocular lens who underwent sutureless PPV using either 23-gauge or 25-gauge instruments.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Function after Paediatric Injuries in India: A Longitudinal Study.

Paediatric injuries can lead to long-term functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life, and are a growing public health issue in India. To date, however, the burden has been poorly characterized. This study assessed the impact of non-fatal injuries on health-related quality of life in a prospective cohort study of 373 children admitted to three hospitals in Chandigarh and Haryana states in India.

Mapping architectural and transcriptional alterations in non-lesional and lesional epidermis in vitiligo.

In vitiligo, chronic loss of melanocytes and consequent absence of melanin from the epidermis presents a challenge for long-term tissue maintenance. The stable vitiligo patches are known to attain an irreversible depigmented state. However, the molecular and cellular processes resulting in this remodeled tissue homeostasis is unclear.

Successful Thrombolysis of a Large Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis.

A 32 yrs old man presented with shortness of breath and syncopal episode with preceding history of DVT 15days above. Patient has tachycardia hypoxia and hypotension, on evaluation ECG Showed S1 Q3 T3 Pattern, bedside Echo Showed visible thrombus of 3cm in pulmonary artery, successfully thrombolysed with tenecteplase and streptokinase. This case study is presented to stress importance of urgent bedside echo in all sudden onset dysponea and hypoxia to rule out pulmonary Embolism which can be successfully thrombolysed without delay.

Adjunctive cognitive remediation for schizophrenia using yoga: an open, non-randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Yoga therapy (YT) improves cognitive function in healthy individuals, but its impact on cognitive function among persons with schizophrenia (SZ) has not been investigated. AIMS: Evaluate adjunctive YT for cognitive domains impaired in SZ. METHODS: Patients with SZ received YT or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 65, n = 23, respectively).

Peripheral gangrene in a breast fed neonate--is hypernatremic dehydration the cause?

Hypernatremic dehydration in breast fed neonates is a rare but increasingly recognized problem. If not identified early, it may lead to potentially life threatening complications. The authors describe a neonate who developed thrombosis and lower limb ischemia secondary to hypernatremic dehydration.

Intratympanic dexamethasone application in Meniere's disease-Is it superior to conventional therapy?

Objective: To compare the efficacy of conventional medical treatment versus transtympanic dexamethasone application into middle ear as treatment modality in Meniere's disease.

Study Design: Prospective randomized study.

Setting: Tertiary referral centre.