Achieving presence in film and psychotherapy.

Film-makers have had to learn how to manipulate static images in both time and space to create an illusion of presence for their audiences. Film editors have discovered the importance of shot length in keeping audiences' attention and evoking various emotions of suspense, confusion, and excitement. Cinematographers shape the experience of witnessing through subjective and objective camera angles, positioning the audience in empty space or inside a character.

Playing off the beat: Applying the jazz paradigm to psychotherapy.

A jazz paradigm is applied to traditional psychotherapy practice, illuminating the links between psychotherapy and the Romantic aesthetic tradition, primarily in the centrality of concepts such as attunement. Modernist disruptions of realism during the early 20 century, such as jazz, elaborated dissonant and improvisational artistic impulses that brought new vitality to their art forms. The psychotherapeutic relationship also has potential avenues for multilevel and discrepant communication that open possibilities of freedom.

Long-term course of treatment-seeking Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: mortality, clinical condition, and life satisfaction.

This study is a 6-year longitudinal study of 51 treatment-seeking male veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Measures of PTSD and psychiatric symptomatology, social functioning, and program impact were assessed at admission to an inpatient treatment program, at 18 months, and 6 years later. Previous studies had shown that the treatment program's impact on course of illness had been negligible.

Interactive psychoeducational group therapy for traumatized women.

A specialized form of outpatient group therapy with traumatized women is described. Interactive psychoeducational group therapy (IPGT) aims to help the survivor differentiate her self-representations from traumatic schemata that she may have assimilated since the traumatic event. Such assimilation is viewed as leading to a number of negative effects, including shame, social isolation, distorted body image, and sense of meaninglessness.