Effect of CNCM-I 3799 and CU-1 on Acute Watery Diarrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Indian Children.

Purpose: To assess the effect of combination probiotic CNCM-I 3799 and CU-1 in outpatient management of acute watery diarrhea in children.

Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in 180 participants aged six months to five years with acute mild to moderate diarrhea. All were enrolled from six centers across India and centrally randomized to receive CNCM-I 3799 and CU-1 or a placebo along with oral rehydration salts and zinc supplementation.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: Protocol of a Multicentric Prospective Cohort Study [The Indian Iconic Neonatal Kidney Educational Registry].

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant problem in neonates, but the evidence is sparse. Neonatal AKI is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. There are stark differences in the epidemiology of AKI in neonates amongst the developing and the developed world.

Effect of Voacamine upon inhibition of hypoxia induced fatty acid synthesis in a rat model of methyln-nitrosourea induced mammary gland carcinoma.

Background: In the present study, fatty acid synthesis is targeted to combat mammary gland carcinoma by activating prolyl hydroxylase-2 with Voacamine alone and in combination with Tamoxifen. It was hypothesized that the activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 would inhibit the hypoxia-induced fatty acid synthesis and mammary gland carcinoma. Mammary gland carcinoma was induced with a single dose administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (50 mg/kg,i.

Neonatal acute kidney injury risk stratification score: STARZ study.

Background: Neonates admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit are vulnerable to acute kidney injury leading to worse outcomes. It is important to identify "at-risk" neonates for early preventive measures.

Methods: The study was a multicenter, national, prospective cohort study done in 11 centers in India.

Evaluating the association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia among Indian gravidas.

Objective: The association between vitamin D deficiency and devastating preeclampsia is still debated. In this present study, our aim is to evaluate whether a statistically significant association exists between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia in Indian gravidas. As to the best of our knowledge, no study of this context with such a large sample size is done in the Indian population till now.

Effect of amino acid infusion during cesarean delivery on newborn temperature: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The effect of maternal amino acid (AA) infusion before and during cesarean delivery on neonatal temperature remains unknown. We hypothesized that thermogenic effects of AA metabolism would help maintain body temperature of newborn babies and their mothers.

Methods: Seventy-six parturients scheduled for elective singleton term cesarean delivery were equally randomized to receive intravenous 200 ml of AA or placebo approximately 1 h before subarachnoid block (infusion rate:100 ml/h).

COVID-19 Thrombosis: Bridging the Old and New Concepts.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an evolving condition in the absence of established treatment and vaccines. The few autopsy studies on COVID-19 patients suggested the presence of pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Hence, it is imperative to understand the pathobiology of thrombus formation and speculate the therapeutic goals in combating COVID-19.

Medical students' perception of the reliability, usefulness and feasibility of unproctored online formative assessment tests.

Medical education has gone online because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Formative assessment is essential to facilitate the learning process in medical education. However, various challenges arise during online assessment, which include reliability, when done without monitoring and practical concerns like Internet connectivity issues.

A Universal Craniometric Index for Establishing the Diagnosis of Basilar Invagination.

Objective: The conventional criteria for defining the basilar invagination (BI) focus on the relationship of odontoid tip to basion and opisthion, landmarks that are intrinsically variable especially in presence of occipitalised atlas. A universal single reference line is proposed that helps in unequivocally establishing the diagnosis of BI, may be relevant in establishing both Goel types A and B BI, as well as in differentiating a 'very high' from 'regular' BI.

Methods: Study design - case-control study.

Qualitative enquiry on irregular intake of antihypertensive medications to inform a model of care to improve blood pressure control.

: A large proportion of people with hypertension do not take medications regularly. There is little understanding of this complex behaviour in India.: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in two districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, to explore the reasons for irregular intake of anti-hypertensive drugs from patient's and health care provider's (HCP) perspectives.

A guide to laboratory diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease-19 for the gastroenterologists.

The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic, is having a significant impact on healthcare, especially the clinical microbiology laboratories all around the world. There are many reports which suggest that the disease can present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite, which the gastroenterologists may have to deal with. Hence, knowledge about the diagnosis of COVID-19 is important to gastroenterologists as well.

Screening for Hypertension in Asymptomatic Individuals in India: An Expert Consensus Statement.

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a rapidly growing epidemic in India. It is no larger restricted to older adults as more young Indians are being diagnosed with HTN. Despite its significant prevalence, the awareness, treatment, and control of HTN remain low in India.

Infections Are Leading Cause of In-Hospital Mortality in Indian Patients With Inflammatory Myopathy.

Objectives: We explored causes of in-hospital mortality in patients with inflammatory myositis at a tertiary care center in Northern India.

Methods: Records of adults and children diagnosed with dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, or anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD) who died between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed, and causes of death were determined.

Results: Of the 38 patients, 20 had DM (including 2 clinically amyopathic DM), 4 juvenile DM, 12 polymyositis, whereas 2 had ASSD.

Coexisting Spinal Intramedullary and Intracranial Tuberculomas in an Immunocompetent Child.

Pediatric neurotuberculosis manifests commonly as tuberculous meningitis and intracranial tuberculomas. The ratio of occurrence of intracranial to intraspinal tuberculoma reported is 42:1. Intramedullary tuberculomas (IMTs) are rare, and the coexistence of intramedullary and intracranial tuberculoma is extremely rare.

Metabolomics analysis revealed significantly higher synovial Phe/Tyr ratio in reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy.

Objective: To compare the synovial phenylalanine/tyrosine (Phe/Tyr) ratio between ReA/uSpA and RA and OA by NMR spectroscopy.

Methods: Paired SF and serum of 30 patients with ReA/uSpA were collected and analysed using a 1D 1H Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill NMR spectra recorded on 800 MHz NMR spectrometer equipped with a TCI Cryoprobe (at 300 K). Phe and Tyr were quantified.

Krukenburg Tumors Arising from Rare Primary Sites: Role of F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Management and Outcome.

Krukenberg tumors described by Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg are still fascinating for their mysterious origin. It is known to be a rare entity and commonly originates from adenocarcinoma of stomach. We present three interestingly rare cases of this entity, revealed by F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG-PET/CT) scan and discuss how F-18 FDG-PET/CT can prognosticate, alter the course of treatment in such patients.

Antimicrobial stewardship programme in a trauma centre of a tertiary care hospital in North India: Effects and implementation challenges.

Objectives: Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) aim to optimise antimicrobial use by employing a set of co-ordinated interventions. This study evaluated the implementation challenges of an ASP in a tertiary trauma care centre in India and its effect on antimicrobial prescription.

Methods: A pre- and post-intervention study design was used to compare the effects of the ASP amongst patients admitted during November 2017-January 2018.

Non-response to first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment in Sikkim, India: a risk-factor analysis study.

Sikkim, India, has the highest proportion of tuberculosis (TB) patients on first-line anti-tuberculosis regimens with the outcome 'failure' or 'shifted to regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)'. To assess the factors associated with non-response to treatment, i.e.

Nutritional assessment and counselling of tuberculosis patients at primary care in India: do we measure up?

Setting: Dakshina Kannada District, coastal South India, under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).

Objective: To identify the potential and practices at primary health centres (PHCs) for the assessment of nutritional status of patients with tuberculosis (TB), the basic tools used to measure height and weight and the type of nutritional counselling provided.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted with physical verification of availability of height and weight measuring equipment.

Clinical and Histopathological Analysis of Odontogenic Tumors in Institution-A 10 Years Retrospective Study.

Aim: The present study was conducted to analyze the clinical and histopathological cases of odontogenic tumors (OTs).

Materials And Methods: The present 10-year retrospective study comprised of 104 OTs. Parameters such as name, age, gender, clinical features, location, extension, etc were noted.

Polymorphism in interferon λ3/interleukin-28B gene and risk to noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 virus infection and its effect on the response to combined daclatasvir and sofosbuvir therapy.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a considerable public-health problem and an important cause of liver disease with about 71 million people infected worldwide and more than 399 000 people die every year from hepatitis C-related liver diseases. The present study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the association of polymorphism in interferon λ3 (IFNL3) also known as interleukin-28B (IL-28B) gene with chronic HCV infection and association of these polymorphic variants with the combination daclatasvir and sofosbuvir HCV therapy response. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay in a total of 250 chronic HCV genotype three patients and 500 number of healthy controls.