Indian consensus statements on the management of small renal masses, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and high-risk/locally advanced prostate cancer.

No pan-India-specific guidelines exist for the management of urological cancers. Although western guidelines are useful for informing management strategies, they do not account for the nuances of management in the Indian context. A modified Delphi method was used to provide a framework for the systematic development of India-centric guidelines for the management of three uro-oncology disease states: small renal masses, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and high-risk/locally advanced prostate cancer.

Vitamin D prescribing practices among clinical practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background And Aims: COVID-19 has caused devastation globally. Low vitamin D status, particularly during the winter months, remains commonplace around the world, and it is thought to be one of the contributing factors toward causation and severity of COVID-19. Many guidelines do not recommend vitamin D for the treatment or prevention of the disease.

Progress and challenges in achieving noncommunicable diseases targets for the sustainable development goals.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 recognizes noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as a major public health challenge. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 includes target 3.4 to reduce premature NCD mortality by one-third by 2030.

Utility of Imaging of Nigrosome-1 on 3T MRI and Its Comparison with 18F-DOPA PET in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism.

Background: Loss of nigrosome-1 on 3T and 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a recently explored imaging biomarker in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of imaging of nigrosome in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism on 3T MRI.

Methods: An institution-based prospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India.

Development of HFD-Fed/Low-Dose STZ-Treated Female Sprague-Dawley Rat Model to Investigate Diabetic Bone Fragility at Different Organization Levels.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) adversely affects the normal functioning, intrinsic material properties, and structural integrity of many tissues, and bone fragility is one of them. To simulate human T2D and to investigate diabetic bone fragility, many rodent diabetic models have been developed. Still, an outbred genetically normal nonobese diabetic rat model is not available that can better simulate the disease characteristics of nonobese T2D patients, who have a high prevalence in Asia.

Hepatic osteodystrophy and fracture risk prediction using FRAX tool in Indian patients with cirrhosis.

Background And Aim: The main clinical relevance of hepatic osteodystrophy is the increased risk of fractures. Dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-based assessment of bone mineral density, the current gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis, is not the sole determinant of fracture risk. Other clinical risk factors also play an important role.

Neutrophil dysfunction predicts 90-day survival in patients with acute on chronic liver failure: A longitudinal case-control study.

Background And Aim: Innate immune disarray is a key component in the development and progression of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and predisposition to infections. We evaluated the neutrophil dysfunction and its impact on outcomes in patients with ACLF.

Methods: Forty patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (10 each of grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 ACLF) and 10 healthy controls were prospectively evaluated for neutrophil immunophenotype (NP), neutrophil phagocytic capacity (NPC), and oxidative burst (OB) in both resting and stimulated conditions.

Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real-world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region.

Background And Aim: Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children poses a diagnostic challenge because of its nonspecific clinical features, which often delay the diagnosis. Our aim was to present our real-world experience and provide an insight into the presentation, pattern of distribution, and diagnosis of the disease.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of case records of all children ≤12 years of age diagnosed with ATB from January 2007 to January 2018.

Pleural metastasis detected by transesophageal endoscopic ultrasonography.

Patients with pleural effusion and inconclusive repeated pleural fluid biochemical and cytological analysis are a diagnostic dilemma that is usually solved by invasive procedures such as diagnostic thoracoscopy. We report a 62-year-old male with malignant pleural effusion as well as ascites who was diagnosed using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of pleural deposit. We also report contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound findings of pleural deposits.

Pancreatic parenchymal calcification induced by permanent indwelling transmural stent.

Long-term transmural stent placement is a safe and effective strategy for the prevention of recurrence of pancreatic fluid collection in patients with walled-off necrosis and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome. The presence of a stent for an indefinite period has been shown to be safe without any serious adverse effects. We report a rare case of pancreatic parenchymal calcification induced by long-term transmural stent.

Unusual tubular cystic lesion compressing inferior vena cava.

Fluid collections are important local complications of acute pancreatitis (AP). They are usually located in peri-pancreatic region but can also be found in various atypical locations like mediastinum, spleen, liver, pelvis or neck. Such pancreatic fluid collections in atypical locations can cause diagnostic dilemma and may cause delay in management.

Endoscopic management of pancreatic ascites due to duct disruption following acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Background And Aim: Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) can be associated with pancreatic duct (PD) disruption. PD disruption can lead to the formation of internal fistulae and consequent pancreatic ascites. Pancreatic ascites is reported very rarely following ANP, and therefore, the role of endotherapy in this setting is not defined.

Drug idiosyncrasy due to pirfenidone presenting as acute liver failure: Case report and mini-review of the literature.

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is ranked among the top most common etiologies of acute liver failure (ALF). It carries poor transplant-free survival. Pirfenidone is an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic drug that is commonly used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).