A Review of The Opportunities and Challenges with Large Language Models in Radiology: The Road Ahead.

In recent years, generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MM-LLMs), including Vision Language Models (VLMs), have generated considerable interest in the global AI discourse. LLMs, or pre-trained language models (such as ChatGPT, Med-PaLM, LLaMA, etc.), are neural network architectures trained on extensive text data, excelling in language comprehension and generation.

Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE) Associated with Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) Presenting with Psychiatric Morbidity: Description of Two Cases.

Background: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) refers to intractable vomiting during pregnancy and is rarely associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). HG-associated WE can lead to mortality and permanent cognitive impairment if left untreated. In this report, we present two cases of WE following HG occurring in the context of comorbid severe depression.

Skin Flap Necrosis in Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection.

Inguinal skin flap necrosis (SFN) is a significant clinical problem associated with inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND). The aetiology of SFN is multifactorial, and its manifestations vary widely. Thermal damage caused by electrocautery during the elevation of the skin flap may contribute to this problem, which has not been studied previously.

Carbon dot-graphene oxide-based luminescent nanosensor for creatinine detection in human urine.

A fluorescence (FL)-based nanosensor has been devised for creatinine (CR) detection in human urine specimens. The proposed nanosensor utilized a nanocomposite (NC) of carbon dots (CDs) and graphene oxide (GO). The formation of CDs/GO NC reduced the CD FL emission (λ = 390 nm, λ = 461 nm) by ~ 75%.

In vitro anticoagulant effects of Bungarus venoms on human plasma which are effectively neutralized by the PLA-inhibitor varespladib.

Bungarus (krait) envenomings are well-known for their life-threatening neurotoxic effects. However, their impact on coagulation remains largely unexplored experimentally or clinically. This study, examined the effect of begins to examine venoms from four Bungarus species-B.

Humanistic and Holistic Strategies for Combating Mental Health Sequelae in the Elderly During the Post-COVID Era.

Background: The elderly population is rapidly growing worldwide. By the year 2050, the elderly population will increase up to 2.1 billion.

Antibiotics as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in diabetic patients.

Data Sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed via MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, including all relevant publications accessed on March 2023 and subsequently updated up to July 2024. Additionally, grey literature was searched, and there was no restriction on publication data and languages.

Study Selection: All randomized clinical trials comparing topical/systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) with SRP alone for the treatment of diabetic patients with periodontitis were included.

Efficacy and Safety of Sovateltide in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischaemic Stroke: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentre, Phase III Clinical Trial.

Background And Objectives: Sovateltide (Tycamzzi™), an endothelin-B (ET-B) receptor agonist, increases cerebral blood flow, has anti-apoptotic activity, and promotes neural repair following cerebral ischaemic stroke. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sovateltide in adult participants with acute cerebral ischaemic stroke.

Methods: This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, Phase III clinical trial of sovateltide in participants with cerebral ischaemic stroke receiving standard of care (SOC) in India.

Indian consensus statements on the management of small renal masses, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and high-risk/locally advanced prostate cancer.

No pan-India-specific guidelines exist for the management of urological cancers. Although western guidelines are useful for informing management strategies, they do not account for the nuances of management in the Indian context. A modified Delphi method was used to provide a framework for the systematic development of India-centric guidelines for the management of three uro-oncology disease states: small renal masses, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and high-risk/locally advanced prostate cancer.

Late oral adverse effects of chemotherapy for hematological malignancies in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analyses was to appraise the case-control studies that have evaluated late adverse effects of chemotherapy for treating hematological malignancies in pediatric patients.

Methods: Five electronic databases along with grey literature were searched using broad keywords and MeSH terms for the articles that could meet the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was employed for quality assessment.

Harnessing the power of : Anti-cancer properties and Wnt pathway modulation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

In this manuscript, we comment on the article, which explores the anti-cancer effects of (CB) in tumor biology. We highlight its potential, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways and induces apoptosis. CB contains compounds such as oleanolic acid and ursolic acid that target interleukin-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and caspase-3, offering anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective benefits.

Case report: exome sequencing identified mutations in the and genes in a case of osteoporosis with recurrent fractures and extraskeletal manifestations.

Background: Genetic mutations have been reported in a number of bone disorders with or without extra-skeletal manifestations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic cause in a middle-aged woman with osteoporosis, recurrent fractures and extraskeletal manifestations.

Methods: A 56-year-old Indian woman presented to the clinic with complaints of difficulty in walking, recurrent fractures, limb bending, progressive skeletal deformities, and poor overall health.

Barth syndrome: a rare cause of cardiomyopathy in neonates.

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is one of the rare X linked recessive diseases that appear in infancy with a triad of myocardial and skeletal muscle diseases, neutropenia and growth retardation. The pathogenic variant of gene leads to BTHS, which encodes the TAFAZZIN protein of the inner membrane of the mitochondria, a phosphatidyltransferase involved in cardiolipin remodelling and functional maturation. We present a case of a neonate presenting with early-onset cardiomyopathy, neutropenia and failure to thrive with no family history of cardiac diseases.

Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages with Rifabutin loaded β-glucan microparticles induces macroautophagy mediated bacillary killing.

Tuberculosis (TB), attributable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.), constitutes a formidable global health challenge, particularly with the proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) strains.

Rare case of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome.

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is a rare, progressive and fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterised by multiple subcutaneous skin nodules, osteopenia, joint contractures, failure to thrive, diarrhoea and frequent infections. There is diffuse deposition of hyaline material in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, muscle and endocrine glands. The disease is often underdiagnosed since infants affected with the disease pass away early prior to establishing a final diagnosis.

Inadvertent higher rate atrial pacing after dual chamber pacemaker implantation - What is the underlying mechanism?

Unexplained change in parameters, despite good lead positions or odd ECG patterns following implant should lead to suspicion of lead swap, amongst other possibilities. An easy way to confirm this is by paying careful attention to device EGMs and recording the ECG by switching off one channel, and pacing single channel (in either AAI or VVI mode).