A Randomized Study of Consolidation Chemoradiation (CTRT) versus Observation after first line chemotherapy (CT) in Advanced Gall bladder Cancers (GBC):RACE-GB study.

Purpose: CT is the standard of care for patients presenting with unresectable advanced GBC but their prognosis remains poor. The value of consolidation CTRT after initial CT is uncertain. We therefore conducted a single centre open label randomised trial evaluating consolidation CTRT versus Observation after four cycles of CT in patients whose disease did not progress during CT (partial responders/stable disease).

Contextual factors influencing bubble continuous positive airway pressure implementation for paediatric respiratory distress in low-income and middle-income countries: a realist review.

Background: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is a low-cost, non-invasive respiratory support therapy for children with respiratory distress, but its effectiveness is dependent on the context. We aimed to understand contextual factors influencing bCPAP implementation for children aged 1-59 months in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to develop a theory explaining how these factors influence implementation outcomes.

Methods: In this realist review, we generated an initial programme theory comprising candidate context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) via review of key references and team discussion.

Efficacy and safety of Nusinersen among children with spinal muscular atrophy from North India: A prospective cohort study (NICE-SMA study).

Background: Intra-thecal Nusinersen has been approved for the treatment of Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Limited data is available regarding the efficacy and safety of Nusinersen in children with SMA type 2 and 3 from North India.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of Nusinersen among children with SMA type 2 and 3 from North India compared to standard of care (SOC) over 12 months.

Management of facial asymmetry assisted with digitally designed surgical guide for 3-dimensional maxillary repositioning: A case report.

Orthodontists play a pivotal role in diagnosing, planning, and preparing patients for orthognathic surgeries. Digital technologies like cephalometry, intraoral scans, CBCT scans, CAD-CAM-assisted 3-D planning, and printed surgical splints, have largely replaced conventional techniques. The automated software produces surgical splints with a design similar to conventional which may not address complex scenarios, involving symmetric and asymmetric maxillary impaction.

Unhindered Access to Hospital Buildings: A Neglected Domain.

Globally, 15% of the population suffers from disability. However, the percentage of people visiting hospitals who may be suffering from some form of disability may be higher. It may cause difficulty in accessing the health-care facilities.

Arthroscopic Versus Open Bone Grafting and Internal Fixation of Scaphoid Nonunion-A Systematic Review.

Background: Scaphoid nonunion often requires surgical management involving the combination of a bone graft and internal fixation to restore the carpal alignment and length. While traditionally, the scaphoid waist nonunions have been treated with open bone grafts, with the advent of arthroscopy, bone graft reconstruction can now be carried out as an arthroscopic assisted minimally invasive procedure. We aimed to compare outcomes between open and arthroscopic bone grafting in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotic use in patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the REAP-BD study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess treatment patterns and the effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) across various Asian countries. The study focused on comparing the choices of LAIs, other psychotropic medications, and their psychotropic drug load to explore real-world usage and evaluate the potential benefits of LAIs in BD treatment across different countries.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with BD patients diagnosed according to ICD-10-CM codes F31.

Evaluation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity using cardiac biomarkers: A prospective study.

Background: Though anthracyclines are the commonly used chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment, close monitoring of patients is required due to its well reported cardiotoxicity. The present study evaluates the role of biomarkers [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT)] in early prediction of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast and ovarian cancer who received anthracyclines.

Methods: This was a single-center observational study conducted between August-2018 and January-2020.

Associations between Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and susceptibility to intracranial aneurysm among male and female patients within the North Indian population.

Objectives: Intracranial aneurysms (IA), often remain asymptomatic until they get ruptured, invariably leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies indicated inflammation as a key player in IA development. This study delves into genetic variations within inflammatory pathways, focusing on TLR4-mediated cytokine release as potential IA biomarkers.

Occult ovarian adenocarcinoma manifesting as dermatomyositis.

A woman in her 60s presented with erythematous lesions predominantly over the joints. After evaluation by dermatology and rheumatology, she was diagnosed with dermatomyositis and initiated on oral steroids and immunosuppressants. She was subsequently referred to gynaecology services for further evaluation of possible malignancies.

Treatment Adherence and Factors Influencing It in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India.

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a significant global health concern, making its effective management crucial. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) often require multiple medications, restriction of fluid and diet intake, and maintenance hemodialysis (HD) to manage their condition, which together makes it difficult to maintain adherence to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of treatment adherence among ESRD patients and to identify influencing factors, addressing the lack of such data from Northern India.

Carbapenem-resistant raises global alarm for new antibiotic regimens.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) is a top-priority pathogen causing a nosocomial infection that increases morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for CRAB are relatively limited by pharmacokinetic restrictions, such as substantial toxicity. Therefore, we must better understand this pathogen to develop new treatments and control strategies.

Crescentic Glomerulonephritis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

The spectrum of kidney disease among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients is extensive. We describe a young male who was recently detected with HIV infection and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) negative pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. The patient had no extrarenal vasculitis involvement.

Utility of pleural fluid-derived extracellular vesicles as a source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens MPT51 and MPT64 for pleural TB diagnosis: a proof-of-concept study.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a source of microbe-specific biomarkers for disease diagnosis. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of pleural fluid-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) as a source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.

Clinical and molecular investigation of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in North India (2023).

Purpose: The study aims to investigate an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) reported in North India.

Methods: All patients presenting to the outpatient clinic department with signs and symptoms (symptoms onset within 36 h) of AHC were enrolled in the study. The conjunctival swab samples were tested for the presence of enteroviruses and adenoviruses.

Effect of Prednisolone on Clinical and Cytokine mRNA Profiling in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

The cardinal clinical features of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) are pain, edema, autonomic changes, and limitation of motoric movement, which may indicate the role of inflammation and cytokines. We report the effect of prednisolone on the clinical severity and mRNA profiling of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β) in the patient with CRPS-I. Thirty-nine patients with CRPS-I of shoulder joint were enrolled.

Retroperitoneal unicentric Castleman disease presenting with paraneoplastic pemphigus.

Castleman disease is a benign lymph node hyperplasia with two histological subtypes. In the case reported here, a young adult male presented with mucocutaneous lesions mimicking common dermatological conditions. Suspicion of an underlying systemic disease arose when the routine clinical care of the skin lesions failed to cure them.

Assessment of visual impairment and need of rehabilitation services for children attending schools for blind in an urban city of North India.

Background/aims: By understanding the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness, stakeholders can work toward comprehensive strategies that encompass prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and support, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected children. The information about the pattern and causes of childhood blindness in Northern Indian states is limited, it highlights the need for further research and data collection to better understand and address the specific challenges in this region. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was planned to ascertain the different causes and patterns of childhood blindness and to understand the barriers to the use of LVAs and its compliance among the students attending schools for the blind in a North Indian State.

Lower Island Trapezius Flap for a Rare Scalp Tumor.

A 54-year-old male with a past history of acute pancreatitis and pulmonary embolism presented with a scalp tumor in the occipital region for a six-month duration. With a biopsy report of squamous cell carcinoma, wide local excision with the lower island trapezius myocutaneous flap with skin grafting was done. However, the final pathology report revealed a proliferating trichilemmal tumor with clear margins.

Pulmonary thromboembolism presenting with hoarseness of voice.

A young man in his late 30s with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis presented with complaints of hoarseness of voice persisting for 6 months. Chest auscultation revealed diminished breath sounds over the right lung field. An initial chest X-ray showed collapse of the right lung with mediastinal shift towards right.